Skip to main content
Erschienen in: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders 2/2016

29.01.2016 | Original Article

ADHD in college: A qualitative analysis

verfasst von: Elizabeth K. Lefler, Gina M. Sacchetti, Dawn I. Del Carlo

Erschienen in: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders | Ausgabe 2/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects many adults and is particularly impairing for emerging adults enrolled in college. Research has shown substantial academic impairment for these individuals. However, research on ADHD impairment has largely been quantitative and focused on children. Therefore, the current study employed Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to explore the lived experience of college students with ADHD with the following two research questions: (1) What is it like to be a college student with ADHD? and (2) What resources are utilized by college students with ADHD? Thirty-six college students with ADHD were interviewed in focus group settings. Our participants reported a complex and mixed experience living with ADHD in college and varied use of treatments and other accommodations. Specifically, three Constructs emerged in the current study: Consequences of Diagnosis, Impairment, and Treatment Management. Implications for professionals working with these students and future directions for researchers are discussed.
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Allsopp DH, Minskoff EH, Bolt L (2005) Individualized course-specific strategy instruction for college students with learning disabilities and ADHD: lessons learned from a model demonstration project. Learn Disabil Res Pract 20:103–118. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5826.2005.00126.x CrossRef Allsopp DH, Minskoff EH, Bolt L (2005) Individualized course-specific strategy instruction for college students with learning disabilities and ADHD: lessons learned from a model demonstration project. Learn Disabil Res Pract 20:103–118. doi:10.​1111/​j.​1540-5826.​2005.​00126.​x CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC
Zurück zum Zitat Auerbach CF, Silverstein LB (2003) Qualitative data: An introduction to coding and analysis. New York University Press, New York Auerbach CF, Silverstein LB (2003) Qualitative data: An introduction to coding and analysis. New York University Press, New York
Zurück zum Zitat Barkley RA (2006) The nature of ADHD, Part I. In: Barkley RA (ed) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, 3rd edn: a handbook for diagnosis and treatment. Guilford Press, New York, NY, pp 1–75 Barkley RA (2006) The nature of ADHD, Part I. In: Barkley RA (ed) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, 3rd edn: a handbook for diagnosis and treatment. Guilford Press, New York, NY, pp 1–75
Zurück zum Zitat Barkley RA (2011) Barkley adult ADHD scale-IV (BAARS-IV). Guilford Press, New York, NY Barkley RA (2011) Barkley adult ADHD scale-IV (BAARS-IV). Guilford Press, New York, NY
Zurück zum Zitat Barkley RA, Murphy KR, Fischer M (2008) ADHD in adults: what the science says. Guilford Press, New York, NY Barkley RA, Murphy KR, Fischer M (2008) ADHD in adults: what the science says. Guilford Press, New York, NY
Zurück zum Zitat Beck BL, Koons SR, Milgrim DL (2000) Correlates and consequences of behavioral procrastination: the effects of academic procrastination, self-consciousness, self-esteem and self-handicapping. J Soc Behav Personal 15:3–13 Beck BL, Koons SR, Milgrim DL (2000) Correlates and consequences of behavioral procrastination: the effects of academic procrastination, self-consciousness, self-esteem and self-handicapping. J Soc Behav Personal 15:3–13
Zurück zum Zitat Biederman J, Faraone SV, Spencer T, Wilens T (1993) Patterns of psychiatric comorbidity, cognition, and psychosocial functioning in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 150(12):1792–1798. Retrieved from ajp.psychiatryonline.org Biederman J, Faraone SV, Spencer T, Wilens T (1993) Patterns of psychiatric comorbidity, cognition, and psychosocial functioning in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 150(12):1792–1798. Retrieved from ajp.psychiatryonline.org
Zurück zum Zitat Biederman J, Faraone SV, Spencer TJ, Mick E, Monuteaux MC, Aleardi M (2006) Functional impairments in adults with self-reports of diagnosed ADHD: a controlled study of 1001 adults in the community. J Clin Psychiatry 67:524–540. doi:10.4088/JCP.v67n0403 CrossRefPubMed Biederman J, Faraone SV, Spencer TJ, Mick E, Monuteaux MC, Aleardi M (2006) Functional impairments in adults with self-reports of diagnosed ADHD: a controlled study of 1001 adults in the community. J Clin Psychiatry 67:524–540. doi:10.​4088/​JCP.​v67n0403 CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Brown TE (2005) Attention deficit disorder: the unfocused mind in children and adults. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, USA Brown TE (2005) Attention deficit disorder: the unfocused mind in children and adults. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, USA
Zurück zum Zitat Cheung KK, Wong IC, Ip P, Chan PK, Lin CH, Wong LY, Chan EW (2015) Experiences of adolescents and young adults with ADHD in Hong Kong: treatment services and clinical management. BMC Psychiatry 15(1):1–11CrossRef Cheung KK, Wong IC, Ip P, Chan PK, Lin CH, Wong LY, Chan EW (2015) Experiences of adolescents and young adults with ADHD in Hong Kong: treatment services and clinical management. BMC Psychiatry 15(1):1–11CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Creswell JW (2014) Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches, 4th edn. Sage publications, Thousand Oaks Creswell JW (2014) Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches, 4th edn. Sage publications, Thousand Oaks
Zurück zum Zitat Dipeolu A, Sniatecki JL, Storlie CA, Hargrave S (2013) Dysfunctional career thoughts and attitudes as predictors of vocational identity among young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Vocat Behav 82(2):79–84. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2013.01.003 CrossRef Dipeolu A, Sniatecki JL, Storlie CA, Hargrave S (2013) Dysfunctional career thoughts and attitudes as predictors of vocational identity among young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Vocat Behav 82(2):79–84. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jvb.​2013.​01.​003 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Egan TE, Canu WH, Hartung CM, Lefler EK (2012) An examination of differences associated with age of diagnosis in adults with ADHD. Poster presented at the meeting of the association for behavioral and cognitive therapies. National Harbor, Maryland Egan TE, Canu WH, Hartung CM, Lefler EK (2012) An examination of differences associated with age of diagnosis in adults with ADHD. Poster presented at the meeting of the association for behavioral and cognitive therapies. National Harbor, Maryland
Zurück zum Zitat Fiske ST, Taylor SE (1991) Social cognition, 2nd edn. McGraw Hill, New York Fiske ST, Taylor SE (1991) Social cognition, 2nd edn. McGraw Hill, New York
Zurück zum Zitat Fleming AP, McMahon RJ, Moran LR, Peterson AP, Dreessen A (2015) Pilot randomized controlled trial of dialectical behavior therapy group skills training for ADHD among college students. J Atten Disord 19(3):260–271. doi:10.1177/1087054714535951 CrossRefPubMed Fleming AP, McMahon RJ, Moran LR, Peterson AP, Dreessen A (2015) Pilot randomized controlled trial of dialectical behavior therapy group skills training for ADHD among college students. J Atten Disord 19(3):260–271. doi:10.​1177/​1087054714535951​ CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Frazier TW, Youngstrom EA, Glutting JJ, Watkins MW (2007) ADHD and achievement: meta-analysis of the child, adolescent, and adult literatures and a concomitant study with college students. J Learn Disabil 40(1):49–65. doi:10.1177/00222194070400010401 CrossRefPubMed Frazier TW, Youngstrom EA, Glutting JJ, Watkins MW (2007) ADHD and achievement: meta-analysis of the child, adolescent, and adult literatures and a concomitant study with college students. J Learn Disabil 40(1):49–65. doi:10.​1177/​0022219407040001​0401 CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Hartung CM, Canu WH, Cleveland CS, Lefler EK, Mignogna MJ, Fedele DA, Clapp JD (2013) Stimulant medication use in college students: comparison of appropriate users, misusers, and nonusers. Psychol Addict Behav 27(3):832–840. doi:10.1037/a0033822 CrossRefPubMed Hartung CM, Canu WH, Cleveland CS, Lefler EK, Mignogna MJ, Fedele DA, Clapp JD (2013) Stimulant medication use in college students: comparison of appropriate users, misusers, and nonusers. Psychol Addict Behav 27(3):832–840. doi:10.​1037/​a0033822 CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Hosain GM, Berenson AB, Tennen H, Bauer LO, Wu ZH (2012) Attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms and risky sexual behavior in young adult women. J Women’s Health 21(4):463–468CrossRef Hosain GM, Berenson AB, Tennen H, Bauer LO, Wu ZH (2012) Attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms and risky sexual behavior in young adult women. J Women’s Health 21(4):463–468CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hoza B, Mrug S, Gerdes AC, Hinshaw SP, Bukowski WM, Gold JA, Arnold LE (2005) What aspects of peer relationships are impaired in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? J Consult Clin Psychol 73:411–423. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.411 CrossRefPubMed Hoza B, Mrug S, Gerdes AC, Hinshaw SP, Bukowski WM, Gold JA, Arnold LE (2005) What aspects of peer relationships are impaired in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? J Consult Clin Psychol 73:411–423. doi:10.​1037/​0022-006X.​73.​3.​411 CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Hyde A, Howlett E, Brady D, Drennan J (2005) The focus group method: insights from focus group interviews on sexual health with adolescents. Soc Sci Med 61(12):2588–2599CrossRefPubMed Hyde A, Howlett E, Brady D, Drennan J (2005) The focus group method: insights from focus group interviews on sexual health with adolescents. Soc Sci Med 61(12):2588–2599CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Jensen CM, Steinhausen HC (2014) Comorbid mental disorders in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a large nationwide study. Atten Deficit Hyperact Disord 7(1):27–38CrossRef Jensen CM, Steinhausen HC (2014) Comorbid mental disorders in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a large nationwide study. Atten Deficit Hyperact Disord 7(1):27–38CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kroll T, Barbour R, Harris J (2007) Using focus groups in disability research. Qual Health Res 17(5):690–698CrossRefPubMed Kroll T, Barbour R, Harris J (2007) Using focus groups in disability research. Qual Health Res 17(5):690–698CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat LaCount PA, Hartung CM, Shelton CR, Clapp JD, Clapp TW (2015) Preliminary evaluation of a combined group and individual treatment for college students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Cogn Behav Pract 22(2):152–160. doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2014.07.004 CrossRef LaCount PA, Hartung CM, Shelton CR, Clapp JD, Clapp TW (2015) Preliminary evaluation of a combined group and individual treatment for college students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Cogn Behav Pract 22(2):152–160. doi:10.​1016/​j.​cbpra.​2014.​07.​004 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lindgren E, Söderberg S, Skär L (2014) Managing transition with support: experiences of transition from child and adolescent psychiatry to general adult psychiatry narrated by young adults and relatives. Psychiatry J 2014:1–8CrossRef Lindgren E, Söderberg S, Skär L (2014) Managing transition with support: experiences of transition from child and adolescent psychiatry to general adult psychiatry narrated by young adults and relatives. Psychiatry J 2014:1–8CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Massetti GM, Lahey BB, Pelham WE, Loney J, Ehrhardt A, Lee SS, Kipp H (2008) Academic achievement over 8 years among children who met modified criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder at 4–6 years of age. J Abnorm Child Psychol 36:399–410. doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9186-4 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Massetti GM, Lahey BB, Pelham WE, Loney J, Ehrhardt A, Lee SS, Kipp H (2008) Academic achievement over 8 years among children who met modified criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder at 4–6 years of age. J Abnorm Child Psychol 36:399–410. doi:10.​1007/​s10802-007-9186-4 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat McKeague L, Hennessy E, O’Driscoll C, Heary C (2015) Retrospective Accounts of Self-Stigma Experienced by Young People with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or Depression. Psychiatr Rehabil J. doi:10.1037/prj0000121 PubMed McKeague L, Hennessy E, O’Driscoll C, Heary C (2015) Retrospective Accounts of Self-Stigma Experienced by Young People with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or Depression. Psychiatr Rehabil J. doi:10.​1037/​prj0000121 PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Miles MB, Huberman AM (1994) Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook, 2nd edn. Sage, Thousand Oaks Miles MB, Huberman AM (1994) Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook, 2nd edn. Sage, Thousand Oaks
Zurück zum Zitat Millward LJ (2006) Focus Groups. In: Breakwell GM, Hammond S, Fife-Schaw C, Smith JA (eds) Research methods in psychology, 3rd edn. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp 274–298 Millward LJ (2006) Focus Groups. In: Breakwell GM, Hammond S, Fife-Schaw C, Smith JA (eds) Research methods in psychology, 3rd edn. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp 274–298
Zurück zum Zitat Morgan DL (1997) Focus groups as qualitative research, 2nd ed, vol 16. Sage Publications, Newbury Park Morgan DL (1997) Focus groups as qualitative research, 2nd ed, vol 16. Sage Publications, Newbury Park
Zurück zum Zitat Pliszka SR (2000) Patterns of psychiatric comorbidity with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin North Am 9:525–554 Pliszka SR (2000) Patterns of psychiatric comorbidity with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin North Am 9:525–554
Zurück zum Zitat Pollio HR, Beck HP (2000) When the tail wags the dog: perceptions of learning and grade orientation in, and by, contemporary college students and faculty. J Higher Educ 71(1):84–102. doi:10.2307/2649283 CrossRef Pollio HR, Beck HP (2000) When the tail wags the dog: perceptions of learning and grade orientation in, and by, contemporary college students and faculty. J Higher Educ 71(1):84–102. doi:10.​2307/​2649283 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rabiner DL, Anastopoulos AD, Costello EJ, Hoyle RH, Esteban McCabe S, Swartzwelder HS (2009) The misuse and diversion of prescribed ADHD medications by college students. J Atten Disord 13(2):144–153. doi:10.1177/1087054708320414 CrossRefPubMed Rabiner DL, Anastopoulos AD, Costello EJ, Hoyle RH, Esteban McCabe S, Swartzwelder HS (2009) The misuse and diversion of prescribed ADHD medications by college students. J Atten Disord 13(2):144–153. doi:10.​1177/​1087054708320414​ CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Sherriff N, Gugglberger L, Hall C, Scholes J (2014) “From start to finish”: practical and ethical considerations in the use of focus groups to evaluate sexual health service interventions for young people. Qual Psychol 1(2):92CrossRef Sherriff N, Gugglberger L, Hall C, Scholes J (2014) “From start to finish”: practical and ethical considerations in the use of focus groups to evaluate sexual health service interventions for young people. Qual Psychol 1(2):92CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Smith JA, Eatough V (2006) Interpretive phenomenological analysis. In: Breakwell GM, Hammond S, Fife-Schaw C, Smith JA (eds) Research methods in psychology, 3rd edn. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp 322–341 Smith JA, Eatough V (2006) Interpretive phenomenological analysis. In: Breakwell GM, Hammond S, Fife-Schaw C, Smith JA (eds) Research methods in psychology, 3rd edn. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp 322–341
Zurück zum Zitat Smith JA, Eatough V (2007) Interpretive phenomenological analysis. In: Lyons E, Coyle A (eds) Analysing qualitative data in psychology. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp 35–50CrossRef Smith JA, Eatough V (2007) Interpretive phenomenological analysis. In: Lyons E, Coyle A (eds) Analysing qualitative data in psychology. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp 35–50CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Swift KD, Hall CL, Marimuttu V, Redstone L, Sayal K, Hollis C (2013) Transition to adult mental health services for young people with ADHD: a qualitative analysis of their experiences. BioMed Central Psychiatry 13:1–11. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-13-74 CrossRef Swift KD, Hall CL, Marimuttu V, Redstone L, Sayal K, Hollis C (2013) Transition to adult mental health services for young people with ADHD: a qualitative analysis of their experiences. BioMed Central Psychiatry 13:1–11. doi:10.​1186/​1471-244X-13-74 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Waschbusch DA, Craig R, Pelham WJ, King S (2007) Self-handicapping prior to academic-oriented tasks in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): medication effects and comparisons with controls. J Abnorm Child Psychol 35(2):275–286. doi:10.1007/s10802-006-9085-0 CrossRefPubMed Waschbusch DA, Craig R, Pelham WJ, King S (2007) Self-handicapping prior to academic-oriented tasks in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): medication effects and comparisons with controls. J Abnorm Child Psychol 35(2):275–286. doi:10.​1007/​s10802-006-9085-0 CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Weyandt LL, Oster DR, Marraccini ME, Gudmundsdottir BG, Munro BA, Zavras BM, Kuhar B (2014) Pharmacological interventions for adolescents and adults with ADHD: stimulant and nonstimulant medications and misuse of prescription stimulants. Psychol Res Behav Manag 7:223–249. doi:10.2147/PRBM.S47013 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Weyandt LL, Oster DR, Marraccini ME, Gudmundsdottir BG, Munro BA, Zavras BM, Kuhar B (2014) Pharmacological interventions for adolescents and adults with ADHD: stimulant and nonstimulant medications and misuse of prescription stimulants. Psychol Res Behav Manag 7:223–249. doi:10.​2147/​PRBM.​S47013 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Wilens TE, Martelon M, Joshi G, Bateman C, Fried R, Petty C, Biederman J (2011) Does ADHD predict substance-use disorders? A 10-year follow-up study of young adults with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 50(6):543–553CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Wilens TE, Martelon M, Joshi G, Bateman C, Fried R, Petty C, Biederman J (2011) Does ADHD predict substance-use disorders? A 10-year follow-up study of young adults with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 50(6):543–553CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Young S, Bramham J, Gray K, Rose E (2008) The experience of receiving a diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in adulthood: a qualitative study of clinically referred patients using interpretative phenomenological analysis. J Atten Disord 11:493–503. doi:10.1177/1087054707305172 CrossRefPubMed Young S, Bramham J, Gray K, Rose E (2008) The experience of receiving a diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in adulthood: a qualitative study of clinically referred patients using interpretative phenomenological analysis. J Atten Disord 11:493–503. doi:10.​1177/​1087054707305172​ CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
ADHD in college: A qualitative analysis
verfasst von
Elizabeth K. Lefler
Gina M. Sacchetti
Dawn I. Del Carlo
Publikationsdatum
29.01.2016
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Erschienen in
ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders / Ausgabe 2/2016
Print ISSN: 1866-6116
Elektronische ISSN: 1866-6647
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-016-0190-9

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2016

ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders 2/2016 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Schützt Olivenöl vor dem Tod durch Demenz?

10.05.2024 Morbus Alzheimer Nachrichten

Konsumieren Menschen täglich 7 Gramm Olivenöl, ist ihr Risiko, an einer Demenz zu sterben, um mehr als ein Vierten reduziert – und dies weitgehend unabhängig von ihrer sonstigen Ernährung. Dafür sprechen Auswertungen zweier großer US-Studien.

Bluttest erkennt Parkinson schon zehn Jahre vor der Diagnose

10.05.2024 Parkinson-Krankheit Nachrichten

Ein Bluttest kann abnorm aggregiertes Alpha-Synuclein bei einigen Menschen schon zehn Jahre vor Beginn der motorischen Parkinsonsymptome nachweisen. Mit einem solchen Test lassen sich möglicherweise Prodromalstadien erfassen und die Betroffenen früher behandeln.

Darf man die Behandlung eines Neonazis ablehnen?

08.05.2024 Gesellschaft Nachrichten

In einer Leseranfrage in der Zeitschrift Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology möchte ein anonymer Dermatologe bzw. eine anonyme Dermatologin wissen, ob er oder sie einen Patienten behandeln muss, der eine rassistische Tätowierung trägt.

Wartezeit nicht kürzer, aber Arbeit flexibler

Psychotherapie Medizin aktuell

Fünf Jahren nach der Neugestaltung der Psychotherapie-Richtlinie wurden jetzt die Effekte der vorgenommenen Änderungen ausgewertet. Das Hauptziel der Novellierung war eine kürzere Wartezeit auf Therapieplätze. Dieses Ziel wurde nicht erreicht, es gab jedoch positive Auswirkungen auf andere Bereiche.

Update Neurologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.