Introduction
Method
Procedure and Participants
Materials
Socio-Demographic and Clinical Variables
Type D Scale
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Statistical Analyses
Results
Baseline Characteristics
Type D (n = 115) | Non-Type D (n = 592) | OR (95% CI) |
p
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic | ||||
Age, mean (SD) | 64 (10.78) | 66 (10.28) | 0.98 (0.96–1.00) | 0.03* |
Males, n (%) | 84 (73) | 448 (76) | 1.16 (0.74–1.82) | 0.53 |
Married/co-habiting, n (%) | 81 (73) | 442 (78) | 0.75 (0.47–1.20) | 0.23 |
Clinical | ||||
Diabetes, n (%) | 22 (20) | 96 (17) | 1.20 (0.72–2.02) | 0.48 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 49 (65) | 245 (68) | 0.84 (0.50–1.42) | 0.52 |
Hypercholesterolaemia, n (%) | 68 (80) | 331 (79) | 1.04 (0.58–1.86) | 0.90 |
Angina, n (%) | 86 (75) | 446 (76) | 0.96 (0.61–1.53) | 0.88 |
LVEF, mean (SD) | 46 (17.35) | 48 (17.34) | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) | 0.42 |
CHF, n (%)2
| 45 (39) | 198 (33) | 1.28 (0.85–1.93) | 0.24 |
Co-morbidity, n (%) | 43 (37) | 194 (33) | 1.20 (0.79–1.82) | 0.39 |
Smoking, n (%) | 29 (25) | 143 (25) | 1.05 (0.66–1.67) | 0.83 |
Confirmatory Factor Analyses
Model | S-B χ
2, df (p) | RMSEA 90% CI | ECVI 90% CI | IFI | CFI | SRMR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 (1 factor) | 1,620.63, 77 (<0.001) | 0.169 (0.16–0.18) | 2.37 (2.19–2.57) | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.12 |
Model 2 (2 factors) | 385.45, 76 (<0.001) | 0.076 (0.069–0.084) | 0.63 (0.55–0.72) | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.076 |
DS14 items | NA* | SI* | Internal Consistency* | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Negative affectivity | ||||
#2 | I often make a fuss about unimportant things | 0.75 | 0.59 | |
#4 | I often feel unhappy | 0.83 | 0.54 | |
#5 | I am often irritated | 0.74 | 0.56 | |
#7 | I take a gloomy view of things | 0.80 | 0.71 | |
#9 | I am often in a bad mood | 0.85 | 0.75 | |
#12 | I often find myself worrying about something | 0.84 | 0.71 | |
#13 | I am often down in the dumps | 0.88 | 0.70 | |
α = 0.87 | ||||
MIIC = 0.49 | ||||
Social inhibition | ||||
#1 | I make contact easily when I meet peoplea
| 0.66 | 0.68 | |
#3 | I often talk to strangersa
| 0.60 | 0.73 | |
#6 | I often feel inhibited in social interactions | 0.71 | 0.66 | |
#8 | I find it hard to start a conversation | 0.82 | 0.71 | |
#10 | I am a closed kind of person | 0.88 | 0.76 | |
#11 | I would rather keep other people at a distance | 0.82 | 0.76 | |
#14 | When socializing, I don’t find the right things to talk about | 0.81 | 0.79 | |
α = 0.91 | ||||
MIIC = 0.59 |
Internal Consistency
Convergent Validity
Correlation Matrix | PCA | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | I | II | ||
1 | Social Inhibition (DS14)a
| 1.00 | 0.41 | 0.78 | |||||
2 | Negative Affectivity (DS14)a
| 0.57** | 1.00 | 0.87 | 0.35 | ||||
3 | Depression (HADS)a
| 0.46** | 0.65** | 1.00 | 0.68 | 0.49 | |||
4 | Anxiety (HADS)a
| 0.41** | 0.76** | 0.66** | 1.00 | 0.92 | 0.16 | ||
5 | Neuroticism (EPQ)b
| 0.53** | 0.82** | 0.60** | 0.76** | 1.00 | 0.87 | 0.27 | |
6 | Extroversion (EPQ)b
| −0.64** | −0.44** | −0.52** | −0.33* | −0.44** | 10.00 | −0.16 | −0.92 |
Eigenvalues (PCA) | 4.02 | 0.88 |