Introduction
Author | Year | Country | Design | Study population | Exposure | Group n
a
| Time of sampling | Main results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bouchard-Mercier [15] | 2013 | Canada | Cross-sectional | Healthy | Western and prudent dietary patterns | 3 to 9 | – | Both prudent and Western pattern influenced GE; few transcripts overlapped in men and women. |
Bøhn [16] | 2010 | Norway | RCT, repeated measurements | Male smokers | Kiwi or anti-oxidant diet | 9 or 10 | 0 and 8 weeks | Increased defense responses in both intervention groups. |
Castaner [17] | 2013 | Spain | RCT, repeated measurements | At risk of CVD | Mediterranean diet with olive oil or nuts | 11 | 0 and 3 months | Mediterranean diet with olive oil supplementation modulated GE of cardiovascular risk genes. |
Choi [18] | 2012 | Korea | Intervention, time series | Healthy | Glucose | 60 | 0, 1, and 2 h | Modulation of NK cell-mediated immunity, granulocyte-mediated immunity, and the cytokine-mediated signaling pathway. |
Ellsworth [19] | 2014 | USA | Non-randomized controlled intervention, time series | At risk of CVD | Fat reduction and physical activity | 63 | 0, 12, and 52 weeks | Reduced GE of neutrophil activation genes, as well as cytokine production, carbohydrate metabolism, and steroid hormone pathways. |
Hochstenback [20] | 2012 | Norway | Cross-sectional, dose-response | Neonates, cord blood | Maternal TCDD, PCB | 45 and 66 | – | Suggestive immunosuppressive effect. Genes correlating negatively with exposure in general showed positive correlations with antibody levels. |
Kawakami [21] | 2013 | Japan | Intervention, cross-over | Healthy | Glucose, white rice, barley | 7 | 0 and 6 h | Differential GE of glycolysis and fatty acid beta-oxidation genes. |
Marlow [22] | 2013 | New Zealand | Intervention, repeated measurements | Crohn’s patients | Mediterranean diet | 8 | 0 and 6 weeks | Processes including EIF2 signaling, B cell development, and Th cell differentiation. |
Milenkovic [23] | 2011 | France | RCT cross-over | Overweight males | Orange juice or hesperidin | 10 | 4 weeks | Common processes in the two intervention groups: chemotaxis, adhesion, infiltration, and lipid transport. |
Milenkovic [24] | 2014 | France | Intervention, repeated measurements | Healthy male smokers | Flavanols from grape seeds | 7 | 0 and 8 weeks | Genes suggestive of lower immune cell adhesion to endothelial cells. |
Myhrstad [25] | 2014 | Norway | RCT, repeated measurements | Healthy | Fish oil | 18 | 0 and 7 weeks | Differential GE of cell cycle, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis genes. |
Olsen [26] | 2013 | Norway | Cross-sectional | Healthy | PUFA ratios: n-6/n-3, LA/ALA, AA/EPA | 23 | – | Tendency for increased pro-inflammatory signaling and lower autophagy GE in the highest PUFA ratio groups. |
Olsen [27] | 2013 | Norway | Cross-sectional | Healthy | Vitamin D (25(OH)D) | 66 to 83 | – | Modest effects. Immunological processes, immune cell functions, and major signaling pathways. |
Rudkowska [28] | 2011 | Canada | Intervention, repeated measurements | Obese | n-3 PUFA and fish gelatin | 14 to 16 | 0 and 8 weeks | Distinct but comparable effects of the two interventions. PPAR-α and inflammatory pathways. |
Rudkowska [29] | 2013 | Canada | Intervention, repeated measurements | Healthy | n-3 PUFA | 29 | 0 and 6 weeks | Different magnitude of effects in men and women. PPAR-α, NF-κB, and oxidative stress pathways. |
Ryu [30] | 2011 | USA | Intervention, time series | Healthy males | Zink depletion | 9 | 0, 6, and 10 days | Cell cycle regulation and immunity processes. |
Sagaya [31] | 2012 | Switzerland | RCT cross-over, time series | Healthy males | Milk and yogurt | 6 | 0, 2, 4, and 6 h | Similar processes affected by the two interventions. Protein biosynthesis, mitochondrial activities, inflammatory and apoptotic processes. |
Schmidt [32] | 2012 | Germany | RCT, time series | Healthy and dyslipidemic | Fish oil | 6 to 9 | 0, 4 h, 1 week, and 12 weeks | Larger effect in dyslipidemics with several pro-inflammatory genes down-regulated. |
Schmidt [33] | 2012 | Germany | Intervention, time series | Healthy and dyslipidemic | Fish oil | 7 and 9 | 0, 4 h, 1 week, and 12 weeks | Results suggestive of anti-oxidative and potentially cardioprotective effects of fish oil. |
Tome-Carneiro [34] | 2013 | Spain | RCT, time series | Hypertensive T2D males | Grape extract and resveratrol | 6 | 0, 6, and 12 months | Down-regulation of GE of key pro-inflammatory cytokines and related miRNAs. |
van Breda [35•] | 2014 | Netherlands | Intervention, repeated measurements | Healthy | Blueberry-apple juice | 56 to 143 | 0, 4 weeks | Modulation of apoptosis, induced immunity, reduced platelet aggregation and activation, blood glucose homeostasis, and regulation of fatty acid metabolism. |
van der Velpen [36] | 2013 | Netherlands | RCT cross-over | Healthy, postmenopausal women | Isoflavone | 28 | 8 weeks | Down-regulation of inflammation, oxidative phosphorylation, and cell cycle. No significant effect on estrogen receptor target genes. |
van Dijk [37] | 2012 | Netherlands | Controlled intervention, repeated measurements | Overweight | Mediterranean diet and MUFA diet | 15 and 17 | 0 and 8 weeks | Reduced metabolic stress and oxidative phosphorylation. The Mediterranean diet may have additional anti-atherogenic effects. |
Vedin [38] | 2012 | Sweden | RCT | Alzheimer patients | n-3 PUFA | 11 and 5 | 6 months | Modulation of inflammatory processes relevant to Alzheimer’s disease. |