Background
ORIGINAL CRITERIA – (at least 4 out of 5 must be present) | |
---|---|
Criterion | Definition of positive |
1. Duration of current episode of low back pain | < 16 days |
2. Extent of distal symptoms | Not having symptoms distal to the knee |
3. Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire Work subscale score | < 19 points |
4. Segmental mobility testing | At least one hypomobile segment in the lumbar spine |
5. Hip internal rotation range of motion | At least one hip with > 35° of internal rotation range of motion |
PRAGMATIC CRITERIA – (both criteria must be present)
| |
Criterion
|
Definition of positive
|
1. Duration of current episode of low back pain | < 16 days |
2. Extent of distal symptoms | Not having symptoms distal to the knee |
Methods
Subjects
Baseline examination
Treatment
Data analysis
Results
Characteristic | |
---|---|
Age | 35.5 (± 11.1) years |
Sex | 49% female |
Duration of Symptoms | Median = 22 days (range: 1 – 2775 days) |
Distribution of Symptoms | 26% symptoms distal to the knee |
Pain Intensity Rating | 5.3 (± 2.0) |
Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire – Work Subscale | 14.7 (± 10.3) |
Oswestry Disability Questionnaire | 41.9 (± 10.9) |
Characteristic | Both criteria present (n = 41) | Both criteria not present (n = 100) |
---|---|---|
Age | 36.9 (± 11.4) years | 35.2 (± 10.4) years |
Sex | 39% female | 53% female |
Pain Intensity Rating | 5.6 (± 2.2) | 5.1 (± 1.9) |
Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire – Work Subscale | 14.0 (± 11.0) | 15.0 (± 10.1) |
Oswestry Disability Questionnaire* | 45.9 (± 13.7) | 40.3 (± 9.1) |
Likely responder* | Likely non-responder* | |
---|---|---|
Both criteria present
| 32 | 7 |
Both criteria not present
| 16 | 86 |
Sensitivity = 0.67 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.78) | Specificity = 0.93 (95% CI: 0.85, 0.96) | |
Positive Likelihood Ratio = 8.9 (95% CI: 4.2, 18.6) | ||
Negative Likelihood Ratio = 0.36 (95% CI: 0.24, 0.54) |
Number of criteria present | Number of subjects | Number (%) with successful outcome | Percent change in oswestry (mean, (sd)) |
---|---|---|---|
0 | 27 | 2 (7.4%) | 16.9% (23.4%) |
1 | 73 | 26 (34.4%) | 37.0% (32.7%) |
2 | 41 | 35 (85.4%) | 64.6% (27.2%) |
Success* | Non-success* | |
---|---|---|
Both criteria present
| 35 | 6 |
Both criteria not present
| 28 | 72 |
Sensitivity = 0.56 (95% CI: 0.43, 0.67) | Specificity = 0.92 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.96) | |
Positive Likelihood Ratio = 7.2 (95% CI: 3.2, 16.1) |