Background
Methods
Study population
Bacterial culture and banking
Serotyping of GBS Isolates
Serotyping by multiplex polymerase chain reaction
Statistical analysis, systematic review, and multiple comparisons analysis
Serotype Distribution (%) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Region | Patients | Ia | Ib | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | NT | |
Madigan | 207 | 59 | 25 | 25 | 56 | 4 | 35 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
#patients
|
28.50
|
12.08
|
12.08
|
27.05
|
1.93
|
16.91
|
0.97
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.48
|
%
| ||
Canada | 353 | 77 | 35 | 40 | 66 | 5 | 78 | 1 | 49 |
#patients
| ||
21.81
|
9.92
|
11.33
|
18.70
|
1.42
|
22.10
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.28
|
13.88
|
%
| ||
0.104 | 0.512 | 0.906 | 0.027 | 0.918 | 0.171 | 0.001 |
p-value
| |||||
US | 7609 | 2039 | 618 | 826 | 1887 | 73 | 1139 | 26 | 3 | 17 | 869 |
#patients
|
26.80
|
8.12
|
10.86
|
24.80
|
0.96
|
14.97
|
0.34
|
0.04
|
0.22
|
11.42
|
%
| ||
0.642 | 0.055 | 0.658 | 0.511 | 0.299 | 0.501 | 0.364 | 0.001 |
p-value
| ||||
Europe | 2662 | 485 | 329 | 384 | 747 | 98 | 396 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 131 |
#patients
|
18.22
|
12.36
|
14.43
|
28.06
|
3.68
|
14.88
|
0.60
|
0.60
|
0.56
|
4.92
|
%
| ||
0.001 | 0.93 | 0.407 | 0.817 | 0.265 | 0.492 | 0.847 | 0.006 |
p-value
| ||||
ME, EEu | 566 | 78 | 24 | 76 | 82 | 17 | 79 | 10 | 7 | 0 | 41 |
#patients
|
13.78
|
4.24
|
13.43
|
14.49
|
3.00
|
13.96
|
1.77
|
1.24
|
0.00
|
7.24
|
%
| ||
0.001 | 0.001 | 0.709 | 0.001 | 0.575 | 0.363 | 0.64 | 0.001 |
p-value
| ||||
Asia | 1521 | 171 | 214 | 132 | 446 | 25 | 266 | 81 | 22 | 48 | 85 |
#patients
|
11.24
|
14.07
|
8.68
|
29.32
|
1.64
|
17.49
|
5.33
|
1.45
|
3.16
|
5.59
|
%
| ||
0.001 | 0.502 | 0.142 | 0.553 | 0.987 | 0.913 | 0.01 | 0.003 |
p-value
| ||||
Africa | 260 | 37 | 12 | 22 | 89 | 10 | 82 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
#patients
|
14.23
|
4.62
|
8.46
|
34.23
|
3.85
|
31.54
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
2.69
|
%
| ||
0.001 | 0.005 | 0.256 | 0.118 | 0.349 | 0.001 | 0.142 |
p-value
| |||||
S. Am | 113 | 23 | 12 | 28 | 13 | 2 | 6 | 10 |
#patients
| |||
20.35
|
10.62
|
24.78
|
11.50
|
1.77
|
5.31
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
8.85
|
%
| ||
0.144 | 0.836 | 0.006 | 0.002 | 0.749 | 0.005 | 0.001 |
p-value
| |||||
Mexico | 492 | 277 | 112 | 88 | 16 |
#patients
| ||||||
56.30
|
0.00
|
22.76
|
17.89
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
3.25
|
%
| ||
0.001 | 0.002 | 0.009 | 0.057 |
p-value
| ||||||||
Aus, NZ | 125 | 25 | 24 | 5 | 26 | 4 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
#patients
| |
20.00
|
19.20
|
4.00
|
20.80
|
3.20
|
29.60
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
1.60
|
%
| ||
0.111 | 0.107 | 0.022 | 0.251 | 0.728 | 0.01 | 0.655 |
p-value
|
Prevalence by Serotype (%) | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | Study Interval | Patient Population | Typing method | total # patients | % GBS+ | # Total Iso-lates | Iaa
| Ib | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | NT | Ref |
WA (Madigan)
|
2010
|
Women
|
PCR
|
1129
|
18.3
|
207
|
29
|
12
|
12
|
27
|
2
|
17
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
this study
|
Canada Alberta | 1998-2000 | Gravidas | OID | NA | NA | 118 | 20 | 9 | 9 | 15 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 20 | [15] | ||
Canada Calgary | 1998-2000 | Gravidas | OID | 1207 | 19.5 | 235 | 23 | 11 | 13 | 21 | 2 | 19 | 0.4 | 11 | [15] | ||
MA Boston | 1999 | >94% Women | ELISA | NA | NA | 114 | 25 | 5 | 10 | 24 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0.9 | 4 | [23] | |
MA Boston | 1962-1963 | >90% Women | ELISA | NA | NA | 149 | 46 | 14 | 11 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 7 | [23] | |||
MI | 1997-2000 | Adults | DB | NA | NA | 338 | 21 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 1 | 22 | 2 | 0 | 0.3 | 12 | [20] |
MI | 1999-2000 | Gravidas | LCP | NA | NA | 117 | 18 | 11 | 11 | 19 | 1 | 20 | 2 | 17 | [19] | ||
MIc
| 1999-2000 | 92% Adults | DB | NA | NA | 306 | 23 | 12 | 14 | 11 | 3 | 30 | 3 | 0.7 | 2 | 1 | [12] |
MN | 1974- 1975 | 3rd Trimester Gravidas | CP | 802 | 5.6 | 45 | 26 | 13 | 24 | 24 | 13 | [17] | |||||
MN | 1993-1999 | Adults | NA | NA | NA | 138 | 21 | 14 | 16 | 5 | 0.7 | 35 | 9 | [24] | |||
OH | 2001-2002 | Gravidas, urine cultures | LCP | 65 | 2.8 | 2318 | 23 | 4 | 4 | 32 | 2 | 6 | 30 | [21] | |||
OH | 2003 | NA | NA | 349 | 18 | 9 | 11 | 17 | 27 | [14] | |||||||
PA Pittsburgh | 1993-2002 | non pregnant women | IP | NA | NA | 2660 | 34 | 11 | 13 | 25 | 0.4 | 15 | 0.3 | 0 | 0.3 | 2 | [16] |
PA Pittsburgh | 1998-2000 | non pregnant women | DB | NA | NA | 177b
| 31 | 9 | 15 | 28 | 0.6 | 14 | 3 | ||||
TX | 1994-1995 | Gravidas | AS | 546 | 28 | 153 | 24 | 9 | 26 | 24 | 0 | 12 | 4 | [18] | |||
WA, TX Seattle; Houston | 1992-1995 | Gravidas | ID | 3307 | 26 | 856 | 26 | 8 | 18 | 21 | 0 | 21 | 0.2 | 1 | [13] | ||
WV | 1999 | Females | LA | NA | NA | 84 | 19 | 13 | 9 | 15 | 4 | 15 | 9 | [25] |
Prevalence by Serotype (%) | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | Study Interval | Patients | Typing method | # Total Patients | % GBS+ | # GBS+ Isolates | Iaa
| Ib | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | NT | Ref |
Madigan, USA | 2010 | Women | PCR | 1129 | 18.3 | 207 | 29 | 12 | 12 | 27 | 2 | 17 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | this study |
Europe
| |||||||||||||||||
Czech R | 2001-2002 | Gravidas | IP | 586 | 29.4 | 172 | 22 | ~10 | ~13 | 33 | 0 | 14 | ~3 | 1.8 | [46] | ||
FranceT
| 2001 | Gravidas | PCR | 39 | 8 | 500 | 26 | 8 | 8 | 41 | 18 | [60] | |||||
Germany
| 1997-1999 | Gravidas | EA | NA | NA | 146 | 18 | 8 | 15 | 29 | 3 | 13 | 14 | [63] | |||
Germany
| 2001-2003 | Gravidas | OID | 460 | 23 | 104(75) | 17 | 15 | 21 | 28 | 3 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | [30] |
Greece
| 2000-2001 | Gravidas | LA | 1014 | 6.6 | 67 | 19 | 12 | 27 | 22 | 3 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 2 | [58] | |
Ireland | 1998 pub | Women | NA | 504 | 25.6 | 129 | 30 | 17 | 30 | 1 | 9 | [40] | |||||
Ireland | 1999-2001 | Gravidas | IP | NA | NA | 20 | 35 | 5 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | [11] |
IrelandD
| 2003 pub | Gravidac
| NA | NA | NA | 159 | 20 | 19 | 11 | 30 | 2 | 15 | 4 | [32] | |||
Italy
P
| 1993-1995 | Gravidas | OID | 2300 | 11.3 | 260 | 16 | 27 | 22 | 22 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | [52] | |
Italy
T
| 2005-2006 | Gravidas | LA | 400 | 18 | 73 | 21 | 7 | 6 | 33 | 8 | 26 | [51] | ||||
Netherl
| 1999-2004 | Gravidas | LA | NA | NA | 92 | 26 | 7 | 13 | 22 | 8 | 15 | 8 | [61] | |||
Portugal
L
| 2002-2004 | Gravidas | LA | NA | NA | 269 | 16 | 5 | 17 | 22 | 2 | 22 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 14 | [44] |
Sweden | 2005 | Women | LA,PCR | 1579 | 25.4 | 356 | 11 | 13 | 16 | 24 | 15 | 19 | 0.5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | [38] |
Sweden | 1995-1996 | Gravidas | LA, IP | NA | NA | 114 | 13 | 13 | 11 | 32 | 3 | 22 | 6 | [29] | |||
U.K.
| 2001-2003 | Gravidas | LA | 748 | 21.3 | 159 | 26 | 16 | 9 | 26 | 19 | 2 | [39] | ||||
Eastern Europe/Middle East
| |||||||||||||||||
Kuwait
| 2004 pub | Gravidas | AS | 847 | 14.6 | 124 | 13 | 2 | 8 | 24 | 1 | 22 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 17 | [27] |
Iran | 2003 | Gravidas | NA | 110 | 9.1 | 1197 | [49] | ||||||||||
Israel
| 2000 | Gravidas | AS | 681 | 12.3 | 84 | 18 | 11 | 27 | 20 | 14 | [43] | |||||
Lebanon | 2006 | Gravidas | 775 | 17.7 | 137 | 15 | 7 | 11 | 16 | 1 | 23 | 29 | [53] | ||||
Turkey
| 2000 2001 | Gravidas | LA | 500 | 9.2 | 54 | 26 | 4 | 29 | 19 | 2 | 0 | 20 | [34] | |||
UAE | 1998-1999 | Gravidas | ID | 563 | 10.1 | 57 | 21 | 4 | 18 | 26 | 12 | 16 | [28] | ||||
Asia
| |||||||||||||||||
IndiaD
| 1980s | Women | NA | NA | NA | 110 | 20 | 40 | 30 | 10 | [64] | ||||||
IndiaV
| 1980s | Women | NA | NA | NA | 79 | 20 | 41 | 53 | 6 | [64] | ||||||
Japan
| 1999-2000 | Gravidas | ELISA | 48 | 8.2 | 583 | 8 | 13 | 8 | 10 | 0 | 6 | 19 | 0 | 27 | 8 | [45] |
Japan
| 1992-2001 | Gravidas | IS | 9 | 6 | 2 | 10 | 9 | 27 | 32 | 6 | [56] | |||||
Japan
| 1992-1994 | Gravidas | E, OID | 441 | 16 | 71 | 7 | 8 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 4 | 25 | 0 | 36 | 10 | [41] |
Korea
| 2006-2008 | Gravidas | LA | 2624 | 8 | 352 | 12 | 10 | 44 | 20 | 2 | [42] | |||||
Korea
| 1990-2000 | Gravidas | LA | NA | NA | 446 | 10 | 22 | 2 | 37 | 1 | 21 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | [59] |
Malaysia | 2008 | Gravidas | LA | NA | NA | 200 | 12 | 2 | 6 | 12 | 10 | 19 | 17 | 5 | 2 | 17 | [31] |
MyanmarY
| 1999-2001 | Gravidas | CP | 226 | 7.1 | 14 | 14 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | [11] |
Taiwan | 2000-2005 | Gravidas | LA | NA | NA | 58 | 22 | 9 | 3 | 33 | 0 | 26 | 3 | [61] | |||
PhillipM
| 1999-2001 | Gravidas | CP | 200 | 7.5 | 15 | 7 | 7 | 27 | 33 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 7 | [11] |
ThailandBK
| 1999-2001 | Gravidas | CP | 400 | 52 | 17 | 2 | 13 | 17 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 8 | [11] | |
Africa
| |||||||||||||||||
Gambia | 1998 | Gravidas | AbTyp | 136 | 19.9 | 27 | 19 | 4 | 26 | 7 | 4 | 37 | 4 | [55] | |||
Nigeria | Early 1980s | Women | NA | NA | NA | 89 | 12 | 6 | 62 | 20 | [64] | ||||||
ZimbabweH
| 1999-2001 | Gravidas | CP | 210 | 11.9 | 21 | 10 | 14 | 5 | 24 | 0 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | [11] |
Zimbabwe | 2000 end | Gravidas | AbTyp | 206 | 31.6 | 65 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 42 | 3 | 37 | 2 | [48] | |||
Zimbabwe | 2002 end | Gravidas | AbTyp | 117 | 15 | 5 | 4 | 45 | 5 | 24 | 2 | [47] | |||||
South/Central America and Mexico
| |||||||||||||||||
Argentina | NA | Gravidas | LA | 531 | 3.2 | 17 | [57] | ||||||||||
Brazil | 2003-2004 | Gravidas | AS | 316 | 14.6 | 46 | 17 | 24 | 20 | 4 | 7 | 9 | 17 | [54] | |||
Mexico | 2000 | Gravidas | LA | 946 | 13 | 123 | 59 | 30 | 6 | 6 | [62] | ||||||
Mexico | 2000-2001 | Women | LA | 25 | 68 | 4 | 28 | [62] | |||||||||
Mexico | 1999-2001 | Gravidas | LA | 691 | 14 | 97 | 62 | 26 | 13 | [36] | |||||||
Mexico | 1988-1998 | Gravidas | LA | 169 | 44 | 20 | 30 | 5 | [50] | ||||||||
Mexico | Gravidas | 78 | 68 | 19 | 13 | [36] | |||||||||||
Australia/New Zealand
| |||||||||||||||||
N. Zea | 1998-1999 | Gravidas | ID; PCR | 240 | 52 | 22 | 21 | 20 | 6 | 29 | 20 | 2 | 2 | [37] | |||
Australia
| 1991-1992 | Adultsb
| LA | 103 | 19 | 19 | 4 | 19 | 4 | 32 | 1.9 | [33] | |||||
Italicized countries host US military bases (source: Military.com at
http://www.military.com/ ) |