Background
Methods
Study population
Outcome measures
Exposures
Potential confounders
Analytic methods
Results
Characteristic | Non-abused Weighted N = 68100 | Any Abuse Weighted N = 8400 |
---|---|---|
Percent | Percent | |
Preterm delivery
| 6.1 | 6.6 |
Small for Gestational Age
| 8.3 | 8.2 |
Postpartum depression
| 6.4 | 15.8 |
Maternal Age
| ||
35+ years | 18.5 | 10.2 |
20 to 34 years | 79.5 | 78.8 |
<20 years | 2.0 | 11.0 |
Single/divorced/separated/widowed
| 6.1 | 26.9 |
Foreign-born
| 25.6 | 11.9 |
Low income after-tax cut-off (LICO-AT)
| ||
Above | 74.7 | 55.1 |
At or below | 16.3 | 35.4 |
Missing | 9.0 | 9.4 |
Diagnosed with depression or took antidepressant before pregnancy
| 14.2 | 25.9 |
Abuse items
| ||
Type of abuse*
| ||
Threats or potential hurting acts | 87.3 | |
Physical or sexual | 53.8 | |
Both combined | 41.1 | |
Frequency of abuse
| ||
Once | 43.4 | |
1 to 5 | 37.3 | |
6 or more | 19.3 | |
Perpretrator of abuse*
| ||
Partner/husband/boyfriend | 52.0 | |
Family/friend/stranger/other | 49.4 | |
Both combined | 1.4 | |
Timing of abuse*
| ||
During pregnancy | 30.4 | |
Before and during pregnancy | 15.6 |
Preterm birth | Small for gestational age | Postpartum depression (2) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted | Adjusted* | Unadjusted | Adjusted* | Unadjusted | Adjusted* | |
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Any abuse, any timing
| 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.3) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.3) | 2.3 (1.7, 3.2) | 2.5 (1.7, 3.5) |
Any abuse during pregnancy
| 1.3 (0.7, 1.8) | 1.2 (0.6, 2.1) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.8) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.7) | 2.5 (1.4, 4.2) | 2.6 (1.5, 4.6) |
Any abuse before and during pregnancy
| 1.6 (0.8, 3.5) | 1.4 (0.6, 3.2) | 1.3 (0.6, 2.8) | 1.2 (0.6, 2.6) | 3.2 (1.6, 6.2) | 3.4 (1.7, 6.8) |
Abuse items
| ||||||
By type, during pregnancy
| ||||||
Could have hurt or threats | 1.1 (0.5, 2.1) | 1.0 (0.5, 2.0) | 1.1 (0.6, 1.9) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.9) | 2.4 (1.4, 4.2) | 2.2 (1.2, 4.1) |
Physical or sexual | 1.8 (0.9, 3.4) | 1.7 (0.8, 3.3) | 1.0 (0.5, 2.1) | 1.0 (0.5, 2.0) | 2.6 (1.4, 4.8) | 2.3 (1.2, 4.4) |
Both combined | 1.5 (0.7, 3.3) | 1.3 (0.6, 3.1) | 1.1 (0.5, 2.3) | 1.0 (0.4, 2.2) | 3.1 (1.6, 6.0) | 3.3 (1.6, 6.7) |
By type, before and during pregnancy
| ||||||
Could have hurt or threats | 1.7 (0.7, 3.8) | 1.5 (0.6, 3.7) | 1.4 (0.6, 3.0) | 1.3 (0.6, 2.8) | 3.2 (1.6, 6.4) | 2.8 (1.4, 5.7) |
Physical or sexual | 2.1 (1.0, 4.5) | 1.9 (0.8, 4.3) | 1.5 (0.7, 3.2) | 1.4 (0.6, 3.1) | 3.1 (1.5, 6.2) | 2.7 (1.3, 5.7) |
Both combined | 2.2 (1.0, 5.0) | 1.9 (0.8, 4.7) | 1.5 (0.7, 3.5) | 1.3 (0.6, 3.2) | 3.9 (1.9, 7.9) | 4.1 (1.9, 8.9) |
By frequency, during pregnancy
| ||||||
Per 1 additional episode | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.3) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.3) |
By frequency, before and during pregnancy
| ||||||
Per 1 additional episode | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.2) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.3) |
By perpetrator, during pregnancy
| ||||||
Partner/husband/boyfriend | 1.1 (0.5, 2.5) | 0.9 (0.4, 2.2) | 1.2 (0.6, 2.5) | 1.1 (0.5, 2.3) | 3.9 (2.4, 6.5) | 3.8 (2.2, 6.7) |
Family/friend/stranger/other | 1.4 (0.6, 3.0) | 1.3 (0.6, 2.9) | 0.8 (0.3, 2.0) | 1.0 (0.5, 2.2) | 1.4 (0.7, 2.8) | 1.6 (0.8, 3.0) |
By perpetrator, before and during pregnancy
| ||||||
Partner/husband/boyfriend | 2.1 (0.9, 5.0) | 1.8 (0.7, 4.3) | 2.1 (0.9, 4.8) | 1.8 (0.8, 4.4) | 4.5 (2.4, 8.4) | 4.3 (2.1, 8.7) |
Family/friend/stranger/other | Not reliable | Not reliable | Not reliable | Not reliable | Not reliable | Not reliable |