Background
Method
IPV outcome
Conceptual framework
Statistical analysis
% of 15–24 year olds who are currently or ever-partnered | Total n of 15-24 year old ever-partner women | % of ever-partnered 15–24 year olds with >1 partner ever | % IPV among ever-partnered 15–24 years old | % IPV last 12 months among ever-partnered 15–24 years old | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bangladesh city | 65.9% | 388 | 1.0% | 56.7% | 39.9% |
Bangladesh province | 62.9% | 321 | 2.5% | 53.3% | 36.4% |
Brazil city | 56.8% | 188 | 5.3% | 22.9% | 14.4% |
Brazil province | 54.7% | 267 | 9.7% | 34.8% | 23.2% |
Ethiopia province | 35.3% | 399 | 3.8% | 65.7% | 57.4% |
Namibia city | 75.0% | 320 | 5.0% | 37.5% | 26.2% |
Peru city | 44.8% | 208 | 1.9% | 51.0% | 31.1% |
Peru province | 51.5% | 282 | 2.8% | 66.0% | 45.0% |
Samoa | 35.1% | 181 | 4.4% | 47.5% | 33.5% |
Serbia & Montenegro city | 55.1% | 199 | 1.5% | 19.1% | 7.50% |
Thailand city | 30.6% | 124 | 10.4% | 45.2% | 32.8% |
Thailand province | 38.9% | 112 | 10.5% | 51.8% | 32.5% |
U. Rep. Tanzania city | 58.2% | 421 | 7.2% | 36.6% | 27.4% |
U. Rep. Tanzania province | 69.0% | 368 | 3.2% | 47.6% | 33.2% |
Results
Prevalence
Factors associated with IPV among young women
Prior to relationship
BGD urban | BGD rural | BRA urban | BRA rural | ETH rural | NAM urban | PER urban | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 373 | n = 298 | n = 186 | n = 262 | n = 330 | n = 283 | n = 195 | |||||||||
% | AOR(95% CI) | % | AOR(95% CI) | % | AOR(95% CI) | % | AOR(95% CI) | % | AOR(95% CI) | % | AOR(95% CI) | % | AOR(95% CI) | ||
History of mother beaten by partner | Neither | 74 | 79 | 67 | 68 | 77 | 76 | 41 | |||||||
His only | 9 | 6.38***
| 11 | 4.73**
| 15 | 1.32 | 13 | 1.99 | 3 | 0.88 | 2 | 0.87 | 17 | 2.77*
| |
[2.29,17.79] | [1.65,13.60] | [0.41,4.26] | [0.82,4.82] | [0.19,4.17] | [0.15,4.98] | [1.17,6.60] | |||||||||
Hers only | 14 | 3.42**
| 8 | 2.18 | 15 | 2.11 | 14 | 1.48 | 16 | 2.35*
| 21 | 3.65***
| 26 | 3.03*
| |
[1.61,7.27] | [0.89,5.36] | [0.69,6.42] | [0.62,3.51] | [1.21,4.58] | [2.02,6.60] | [1.38,6.66] | |||||||||
Both | 3 | 2.03 | 2 | 5.30 | 3 | 5.53 | 5 | 4.41*
| 4 | 1.21 | 1 | 2.52 | 16 | 4.75***
| |
[0.34,12.35] | [0.56,50.35] | [0.90,33.95] | [1.24,15.69] | [0.26,5.60] | [0.32,19.73] | [1.89,11.92] | |||||||||
Women’s child sexual abuse | No | 83 | 88 | 91 | 92 | 98 | 92 | 73 | |||||||
Yes | 17 | 8.92***
| 12 | . | 9 | 0.92 | 8 | 1.70 | 2 | 4.43 | 8 | 2.48 | 27 | 1.99 | |
[3.61,22.05] | [3.61,22.05] | [0.22,3.87] | [0.58,4.96] | [0.49,40.00] | [0.97,6.33] | [0.98,4.05] | |||||||||
Partner physically beaten as a child | No | 84 | 91 | 80 | 79 | 96 | 92 | 65 | |||||||
Yes | 16 | 1.35 | 9 | 2.30 | 20 | 2.31 | 21 | 3.24**
| 4 | 3.46 | 8 | 0.97 | 35 | 1.17 | |
[0.67,2.74] | [0.91,5.83] | [0.84,6.32] | [1.56,6.76] | [0.56,21.38] | [0.73,1.29] | [0.80,1.71] | |||||||||
Completed secondary education | Neither | 24 | 42 | 32 | 68 | 94 | 10 | 2 | |||||||
Him only | 15 | 0.41*
| 10 | 0.45 | 13 | 0.94 | 8 | 2.29 | 4 | 0.91 | 9 | 1.03 | 5 | 0.46 | |
[0.19,0.90] | [0.17,1.19] | [0.26,3.37] | [0.82,6.42] | [0.29,2.83] | [0.32,3.33] | [0.03,7.47] | |||||||||
Her only | 7 | 0.48 | 12 | 1.45 | 14 | 0.95 | 10 | 0.59 | 1 | 0.19 | 6 | 2.35 | 1 | . | |
[0.17,1.30] | [0.64,3.24] | [0.26,3.49] | [0.21,1.72] | [0.02,2.31] | [0.64,8.61] | - | |||||||||
Both | 54 | 0.32***
| 36 | 0.96 | 41 | 0.88 | 14 | 0.71 | 1 | 2.07 | 75 | 1.19 | 92 | 0.76 | |
[0.17,0.59] | [0.55,1.68] | [0.33,2.37] | [0.26,1.92] | [0.22,19.40] | [0.50,2.80] | [0.06,9.37] | |||||||||
PER rural
|
SMA
|
SRB urban
|
THA urban
|
THA rural
|
TAZ urban
|
TZA Rural
| |||||||||
n = 278
|
n = 180
|
n = 153
|
n = 112
|
n = 107
|
n = 386
|
n = 339
| |||||||||
%
|
AOR(95% CI)
|
%
|
AOR(95% CI)
|
%
|
AOR(95% CI)
|
%
|
AOR(95% CI)
|
%
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AOR(95% CI)
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%
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AOR(95% CI)
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%
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AOR(95% CI)
| ||
History of mother beaten by partner | Neither | 39 | 47 | 86 | 67 | 52 | 70 | 45 | |||||||
His only | 10 | 1.96 | 2 | 0.75 | 3 | 1.44 | 5 | 0.92 | 9 | 2.02 | 3 | 1.56 | 6 | 2.59*
| |
[0.77,4.94] | [0.06,8.78] | [0.15,14.06] | [0.14,6.17] | [0.44,9.17] | [0.46,5.29] | [1.03,6.54] | |||||||||
Hers only | 32 | 3.00***
| 45 | 1.08 | 10 | 2.29 | 23 | 0.88 | 29 | 2.94*
| 24 | 2.30**
| 37 | 2.63***
| |
[1.56,5.78] | [0.55,2.13] | [0.57,9.15] | [0.34,2.24] | [1.08,8.03] | [1.40,3.80] | [1.59,4.33] | |||||||||
Both | 19 | 3.51**
| 6 | 14.03*
| 1 | . | 5 | 2.68 | 10 | 4.99*
| 3 | 3.45*
| 12 | 2.84**
| |
[1.52,8.11] | [1.55,127.32] | - | [0.43,16.93] | [1.04,23.84] | [1.04,11.39] | [1.39,5.81] | |||||||||
Woman’s child sexual abuse | No | 91 | 97 | 98 | 89 | 88 | 93 | 96 | |||||||
Yes | 9 | 0.75 | 3 | 2.91 | 2 | . | 11 | 1.06 | 12 | 1.52 | 7 | 1.36 | 4 | 0.86 | |
[0.29,1.98] | [0.26,32.53] | - | [0.30,3.76] | [0.38,6.11] | [0.57,3.28] | [0.27,2.67] | |||||||||
Partner physically beaten as a child | No | 67 | 90 | 95 | 86 | 78 | 95 | 95 | |||||||
Yes | 33 | 1.10 | 10 | 1.83 | 5 | 0.93 | 14 | 2.75 | 22 | 1.92 | 5 | 2.05 | 5 | 2.07 | |
[0.58,2.08] | [0.56,5.92] | [0.49,1.74] | [0.82,9.23] | [0.63,5.87] | [0.77,5.41] | [0.72,5.89] | |||||||||
Completed secondary education | Neither | 20 | 11 | 1 | 21 | 32 | 58 | 77 | |||||||
Him only | 31 | 1.07 | 3 | 0.31 | 1 | 7.64 | 13 | 1.43 | 8 | 0.84 | 23 | 0.92 | 15 | 0.78 | |
[0.50,2.26] | [0.03,3.55] | [0.44,133.99] | [0.38,5.48] | [0.16,4.46] | [0.54,1.56] | [0.40,1.53] | |||||||||
Her only | 3 | 0.54 | 5 | 0.28 | 3 | 1.80 | 10 | 0.66 | 16 | 0.56 | 2 | 0.87 | 3 | 0.41 | |
[0.12,2.46] | [0.04,2.09] | [0.18,17.81] | [0.14,3.11] | [0.16,2.00] | [0.21,3.57] | [0.10,1.64] | |||||||||
Both | 46 | 0.84 | 81 | 0.95 | 95 | . | 56 | 1.32 | 44 | 0.60 | 17 | 0.44*
| 5 | 0.83 | |
[0.42,1.70] | [0.35,2.59] | -- | [0.49,3.53] | [0.23,1.59] | [0.23,0.86] | [0.29,2.31] |
Relationship situation
BGD urban | BGD rural | BRA urban | BRA rural | ETH rural | NAM urban | PER urban | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | AOR(95% CI) | % | AOR(95% CI) | % | AOR(95% CI) | % | AOR(95% CI) | % | AOR(95% CI) | % | AOR(95% CI) | % | AOR(95% CI) | ||
Reasons for a man to hit partner | None | 42 | 21 | 81 | 60 | 7 | 76 | 60 | |||||||
Any | 58 | 1.68 | 79 | 0.77 | 19 | 2.13 | 40 | 2.01 | 93 | 2.98*
| 24 | 1.72 | 40 | 1.79 | |
[1.00,2.83] | [0.37,1.60] | [0.75,6.08] | [0.98,4.13] | [1.20,7.42] | [0.91,3.24] | [0.90,3.53] | |||||||||
Heavy drinking | Neither | 99 | 100 | 74 | 64 | 86 | 54 | 71 | |||||||
He | 1 | 2.44 | 0 | . | 7 | 9.84**
| 21 | 1.87 | 5 | 2.15 | 25 | 1.94*
| 19 | 0.85 | |
[0.16,37.19] | [0.16,37.19] | [2.18,44.34] | [0.82,4.25] | [0.62,7.46] | [1.00,3.77] | [0.34,2.10] | |||||||||
She | 0 | . | 0 | . | 17 | 1.10 | 9 | 2.01 | 5 | 0.66 | 12 | 1.49 | 8 | 0.68 | |
- | - | [0.29,4.08] | [0.55,7.32] | [0.24,1.81] | [0.63,3.55] | [0.20,2.36] | |||||||||
Both | 0 | . | 0 | . | 2 | . | 6 | 9.76**
| 4 | 6.01 | 9 | 1.16 | 2 | 2.81 | |
- | - | - | [2.39,39.79] | [0.67,53.53] | [0.45,2.98] | [0.23,34.88] | |||||||||
Partner has concurrent relationship (missing not shown) | No | 94 | 95 | 85 | 73 | 91 | 48 | 79 | |||||||
Yes | 4 | 7.31 | 2 | . | 10 | 1.19 | 19 | 2.60*
| 9 | 0.87 | 29 | 2.53**
| 15 | 2.17 | |
[0.68,79.16] | [0.68,79.16] | [0.26,5.52] | [1.16,5.83] | [0.39,1.96] | [1.37,4.69] | [0.80,5.91] | |||||||||
Partner involved in fight with man | No | 95 | 96 | 89 | 88 | 92 | 88 | 84 | |||||||
Yes | 5 | 7.74*
| 4 | 4.63 | 11 | 3.84*
| 12 | 5.04**
| 8 | 1.79 | 12 | 2.08 | 16 | 2.78*
| |
[1.46,40.94] | [0.37,58.41] | [1.05,14.11] | [1.89,13.45] | [0.68,4.68] | [0.90,4.82] | [1.06,7.34] | |||||||||
Woman’s first sexual intercourse | Wanted | 62 | 54 | 74 | 70 | 23 | 46 | 52 | |||||||
Unwanted | 15 | 0.81 | 18 | 2.34*
| 25 | 1.47 | 27 | 1.41 | 59 | 1.78*
| 48 | 2.07*
| 44 | 1.98*
| |
[0.41,1.60] | [1.20,4.57] | [0.54,3.97] | [0.65,3.03] | [1.02,3.12] | [1.16,3.67] | [1.02,3.86] | |||||||||
Forced | 23 | 106.21***
| 28 | . | 1 | . | 3 | 0.60 | 18 | 3.59**
| 6 | 2.77 | 4 | 6.21 | |
[13.99,806.63] | - | - | [0.08,4.61] | [1.63,7.89] | [0.88,8.70] | [0.99,38.90] | |||||||||
PER rural
|
SMA
|
SRB urban
|
THA urban
|
THA rural
|
TAZ urban
|
TZA Rural
| |||||||||
%
|
AOR(95% CI)
|
%
|
AOR(95% CI)
|
%
|
AOR(95% CI)
|
%
|
AOR(95% CI)
|
%
|
AOR(95% CI)
|
%
|
AOR(95% CI)
|
%
|
AOR(95% CI)
| ||
Reasons for a man to hit partner | None | 17 | 22 | 93 | 44 | 30 | 28 | 27 | |||||||
Any | 83 | 2.31 | 78 | 2.77*
| 7 | 0.18 | 56 | 0.57 | 70 | 0.53 | 72 | 1.54 | 73 | 2.26**
| |
[0.97,5.50] | [1.14,6.73] | [0.02,2.13] | [0.23,1.43] | [0.17,1.65] | [0.87,2.71] | [1.29,3.95] | |||||||||
Heavy drinking | Neither | 57 | 70 | 71 | 65 | 65 | 75 | 72 | |||||||
He | 25 | 2.63*
| 29 | 2.25*
| 3 | . | 18 | 2.30 | 25 | 3.17 | 10 | 1.28 | 8 | 3.74**
| |
[1.16,5.93] | [1.03,4.91] | - | [0.65,8.13] | [0.92,10.90] | [0.59,2.79] | [1.47,9.50] | |||||||||
She | 10 | 0.98 | 0 | . | 23 | 2.74 | 9 | 1.06 | 6 | 1.00 | 7 | 3.21**
| 14 | 2.14*
| |
[0.37,2.60] | - | [0.78,9.66] | [0.22,5.10] | [0.13,8.01] | [1.40,7.32] | [1.09,4.17] | |||||||||
Both | 8 | 6.05*
| 1 | 0.63 | 3 | 1.54 | 8 | 1.99 | 4 | . | 6 | 1.02 | 6 | 11.19**
| |
[1.22,30.13] | [0.03,12.69] | [0.11,20.72] | [0.32,12.28] | [0.32,12.28] | [0.41,2.56] | [2.15,58.13] | |||||||||
Partner has concurrent relationship (missing not shown) | No | 72 | 89 | 93 | 77 | 78 | 56 | 73 | |||||||
Yes | 18 | 3.07*
| 9 | 0.83 | 4 | 2.34 | 8 | 3.98 | 17 | 9.91*
| 13 | 2.49**
| 12 | 2.08 | |
[1.14,8.29] | [0.23,3.06] | [0.19,29.48] | [0.69,22.85] | [1.57,62.41] | [1.28,4.85] | [0.94,4.60] | |||||||||
Partner involved in fight with man | No | 80 | 81 | 77 | 82 | 78 | 96 | 97 | |||||||
Yes | 20 | 1.35 | 19 | 3.89**
| 23 | 4.85**
| 18 | 7.13**
| 22 | 2.85 | 4 | 0.75 | 3 | 9.25 | |
[0.57,3.21] | [1.53,9.92] | [1.55,15.13] | [1.94,26.28] | [0.79,10.24] | [0.24,2.35] | [0.84,101.75] | |||||||||
Woman’s first sexual intercourse | Wanted | 42 | 82 | 94 | 64 | 59 | 62 | 65 | |||||||
Unwanted | 37 | 3.91***
| 12 | 1.89 | 5 | . | 33 | 1.66 | 30 | 2.44 | 24 | 1.36 | 15 | 0.95 | |
[1.96,7.79] | [0.65,5.52] | - | [0.60,4.64] | [0.68,8.69] | [0.78,2.36] | [0.49,1.87] | |||||||||
Forced | 21 | 4.98***
| 6 | 2.16 | 1 | . | 3 | 1.14 | 11 | 2.27 | 14 | 2.45**
| 20 | 2.46**
| |
[2.03,12.23] | [0.50,9.25] | - | [0.08,16.08] | [0.43,11.97] | [1.25,4.82] | [1.33,4.56] |
Relationship quality
BGD urban | BGD rural | BRA urban | BRA rural | ETH rural | NAM urban | PER urban | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | AOR(95% CI) | % | AOR(95% CI) | % | AOR(95% CI) | % | AOR(95% CI) | % | AOR(95% CI) | % | AOR(95% CI) | % | AOR(95% CI) | ||
Controlling behavior | No control | 44 | 27 | 33 | 31 | 36 | 36 | 19 | |||||||
Medium | 38 | 1.91**
| 51 | 1.08 | 42 | 1.55 | 37 | 4.76**
| 45 | 2.03**
| 37 | 2.34*
| 46 | 1.66 | |
[1.19,3.06] | [0.63,1.86] | [0.49,4.90] | [1.78,12.76] | [1.21,3.40] | [1.21,4.50] | [0.70,3.89] | |||||||||
High | 18 | 10.22***
| 22 | 2.02*
| 25 | 3.82*
| 32 | 9.99***
| 19 | 1.40 | 27 | 5.76***
| 35 | 5.15***
| |
[4.23,24.69] | [1.02,3.98] | [1.19,12.27] | [3.68,27.10] | [0.72,2.73] | [2.88,11.52] | [2.00,13.24] | |||||||||
Frequency of quarrel | Rarely | 61 | 75 | 48 | 44 | 66 | 46 | 42 | |||||||
Sometimes | 33 | 1.79*
| 23 | 2.15**
| 41 | 1.45 | 49 | 1.16 | 27 | 6.95***
| 44 | 1.89*
| 43 | 1.33 | |
[1.10,2.91] | [1.21,3.81] | [0.56,3.75] | [0.59,2.30] | [3.49,13.82] | [1.09,3.30] | [0.69,2.55] | |||||||||
Often | 6 | 4.39 | 2 | 4.76 | 11 | 5.00**
| 7 | 5.63**
| 7 | - | 10 | 5.09***
| 15 | 1.84 | |
[0.91,21.22] | [0.54,42.18] | [1.50,16.63] | [1.65,19.19] | - | [2.02,12.83] | [0.69,4.93] | |||||||||
PER rural
|
SMA
|
SRB urban
|
THA urban
|
THA rural
|
TAZ urban
|
TZA Rural
| |||||||||
%
|
AOR(95% CI)
|
%
|
AOR(95% CI)
|
%
|
AOR(95% CI)
|
%
|
AOR(95% CI)
|
%
|
AOR(95% CI)
|
%
|
AOR(95% CI)
| % |
AOR(95% CI)
| ||
Controlling behavior | No control | 18 | 19 | 66 | 24 | 25 | 7 | 22 | |||||||
Medium | 39 | 2.39*
| 47 | 2.11 | 29 | 3.17*
| 47 | 2.57 | 39 | 1.07 | 38 | 2.29 | 39 | 1.41 | |
[1.12,5.13] | [0.77,5.78] | [1.22,8.28] | [0.86,7.73] | [0.35,3.32] | [0.71,7.34] | [0.74,2.70] | |||||||||
High | 43 | 10.25***
| 34 | 6.35***
| 5 | 10.24**
| 29 | 10.48***
| 36 | 1.59 | 55 | 4.64**
| 39 | 4.06***
| |
[4.38,24.01] | [2.20,18.33] | [2.06,51.02] | [2.99,36.71] | [0.51,4.98] | [1.50,14.38] | [2.12,7.78] | |||||||||
Frequency of quarrel | Rarely | 50 | 71 | 63 | 61 | 56 | 55 | 62 | |||||||
Sometimes | 42 | 4.28***
| 15 | 5.34**
| 30 | 2.35 | 31 | 2.89*
| 27 | 2.71*
| 37 | 3.33***
| 29 | 3.13***
| |
[2.28,8.02] | [1.86,15.28] | [0.93,5.93] | [1.18,7.04] | [1.03,7.14] | [2.06,5.39] | [1.88,5.24] | |||||||||
Often | 8 | 2.34 | 14 | 3.46*
| 7 | 0.79 | 8 | 1.05 | 17 | 6.93**
| 8 | 5.60***
| 9 | 6.07***
| |
[0.69,7.98] | [1.26,9.51] | [0.14,4.60] | [0.24,4.62] | [1.85,26.02] | [2.52,12.41] | [2.32,15.88] |