Background
Methods
Study design and data Source
Participants
Independent Variables
Dependent Variables
Statistical Analyses
Results
No. (%) | ||
---|---|---|
Characteristic | Men (n = 7,776) | Women (n = 9,006) |
Age
| ||
18–44 yr | 4525 (60.3) | 5385 (59.0) |
45–69 yr | 3251 (39.7) | 3621 (41.0) |
Relative education
| ||
Lowest | 1808 (19.8) | 1852 (20.9) |
Low | 1565 (18.7) | 2006 (22.6) |
Average | 1371 (17.8) | 1868 (21.1) |
High | 1666 (22.8) | 1531 (17.3) |
Highest | 1198 (20.9) | 1602 (18,1) |
Income in Canadian dollars
| ||
< 6000 | 809 (11.2) | 2397 (28.9) |
6000–19,999 | 1797 (24.8) | 2829 (34.2) |
20000–39,999 | 2543 (35.0) | 2180 (26.3) |
≥ 40,000 | 2106 (29.0) | 874 (10.6) |
Employment
| ||
Part- or fulltime | 6160 (79.3) | 5431 (60.3) |
Not working | 1612 (20.7) | 3574 (39.7) |
Number of chronic diseases
| ||
0 | 3962 (51.0) | 3183 (35.3) |
1 | 1975 (25.4) | 2319 (25.7) |
2 | 890 (11.4) | 1436 (15.9) |
3 | 443 (5.7) | 874 (9.7) |
4 | 247 (3.2) | 518 (5.8) |
≥ 5 | 259 (3.3) | 676 (7.5) |
Long-term limitations on activity
| ||
Not limited | 7139 (91.8) | 8046 (89.4) |
Limited | 635 (8.2) | 958 (10.6) |
Self-rated general health
| ||
Good to excellent | 6580 (89.9) | 7731 (89.5) |
Poor to average | 743 (10.1) | 905 (10.5) |
Psychological distress
| ||
Low to average | 6290 (83.8) | 6724 (77.4) |
High | 1218 (16.2) | 1960 (22.6) |
Physical activity
| ||
None | 2280 (30.0) | 2310 (26.2) |
< 3 times a week | 3422 (45.1) | 4329 (49.0) |
≥ 3 times a week | 1890 (24.9) | 2194 (24.8) |
Odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Independent variables | Physical activity < 3 times per week | Physical activity ≥ 3 times per week |
Pvalue |
Number of chronic diseases | |||
0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
1 | 0.96 (0.78–1.18) | 1.02 (0.81–1.29) | |
2 | 1.06 (0.79–1.41) | 0.93 (0.67–1.29) | |
3 | 0.98 (0.68–1.42) | 1.11 (0.74–1.66) | |
4 | 1.11 (0.71–1.73) | 0.85 (0.49–1.48) | |
≥ 5 | 0.88 (0.52–1.51) | 0.74 (0.41–1.33) | 0.9273 |
Long-term limitations on activity | |||
Absent | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
Present | 0.61 (0.43–0.87) | 0.68 (0.46–1.00) | 0.0204 |
Self-rated general health status | |||
Good to excellent | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
Poor to average | 0.71 (0.53–0.96) | 0.52 (0.36–0.76) | 0.0018 |
Psychological distress level | |||
Low to average | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
High | 1.20 (0.98–1.48) | 0.99 (0.76–1.28) | 0.0977 |
Odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Independent variables | Physical activity < 3 times per week | Physical activity ≥ 3 times per week |
Pvalue |
Number of chronic diseases | |||
0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
1 | 1.03 (0.84–1.26) | 1.06 (0.84–1.35) | |
2 | 1.10 (0.87–1.39) | 1.00 (0.75–1.31) | |
3 | 0.98 (0.75–1.30) | 0.96 (0.69–1.33) | |
4 | 1.04 (0.75–1.45) | 1.17 (0.81–1.68) | |
≥ 5 | 0.94 (0.66–1.33) | 0.89 (0.59–1.35) | 0.9796 |
Long-term limitations on activity | |||
Absent | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
Present | 0.68 (0.50–0.93) | 0.72 (0.51–1.01) | 0.0424 |
Self-rated general health status | |||
Good to excellent | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
Poor to average | 0.66 (0.50–0.87) | 0.51 (0.36–0.70) | 0.0002 |
Psychological distress level | |||
Low to average | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
High | 0.82 (0.68–0.98) | 0.73 (0.59–0.90) | 0.0105 |
Odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Independent variables | Physical activity < 3 times per week | Physical activity ≥ 3 times per week |
Pvalue |
Number of chronic diseases | |||
0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
1 | 1.02 (0.84–1.22) | 0.78 (0.54–1.12) | |
≥ 2 | 1.01 (0.81–1.26) | 0.88 (0.59–1.31) | 0.6851 |
Long-term limitations on activity | |||
Absent | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
Present | 0.65 (0.46–0.92) | 0.66 (0.44–0.97) | 0.0298 |
Self-rated general health status | |||
Good to excellent | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
Poor to average | 0.73 (0.54–0.99) | 0.51 (0.36–0.74) | 0.0014 |
Psychological distress level | |||
Low to average | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
High | 1.20 (0.98–1.48) | 0.98 (0.76–1.28) | 0.0913 |
Odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Independent variables | Physical activity < 3 times per week | Physical activity ≥ 3 times per week |
Pvalue |
Number of chronic diseases | |||
0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
1 | 1.05 (0.88–1.26) | 1.05 (0.85–1.29) | |
≥ 2 | 0.95 (0.71–1.27) | 0.84 (0.59–1.18) | 0.7332 |
Long-term limitations on activity | |||
Absent | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
Present | 0.68 (0.51–0.92) | 0.73 (0.53–1.01) | 0.0359 |
Self-rated general health status | |||
Good to excellent | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
Poor to average | 0.66 (0.50–0.87) | 0.52 (0.37–0.72) | 0.0003 |
Psychological distress level | |||
Low to average | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
High | 0.81 (0.68–0.97) | 0.72 (0.59–0.90) | 0.0084 |