Introduction
Effects of weight loss on adipose tissue function
Diet-induced weight loss
Medication-induced weight loss
Orlistat
Sibutramine
Cannabinoid-1 (CB1) receptor antagonists
Bariatric surgery
Effects of exercise on adipose tissue function
Effects of pharmacologic agents on adipose tissue function
Salicylates
Beta-blockers
Aldosterone antagonists
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE-i)
Angiotensin II type 1 Receptor Blockers (ARB)
Statins
Fibrates
Thiazolidinediones
Metformin
Conclusion
Intervention | Mechanism of action responsible for the effect on cytokines and adipokines | Effect on cytokines and adipokines |
---|---|---|
Diet | Weight loss | Adiponectin↑, leptin↓, IL-6↓, sTNF-α receptor type 1↓ |
Orlistat | Weight loss | Adiponectin↑, resistin↓, leptin↓, IL-6↓, TNF-α↓ |
Sibutramine | Weight loss | Adiponectin↑, resistin↓, leptin↓, IL-10↑, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓ |
CB1-antagonists | Weight loss | Adiponectin↑, leptin↓ |
Effects through PPARγ activation | ||
Bariatric surgery | Weight loss | Adiponectin↑, HMW adiponectin↑, RBP-4↓, PAI-1↓, MIF↓, MCP-1↓, IL-18↓ |
Effects on gut hormones | ||
Exercise | Weight loss | Adiponectin↑, resistin↓, RBP-4↓, IL-6↓, IL-18↓ |
Salicylates | Anti-inflammatory | Adiponectin↑ |
COX-2 inhibition | ||
β-blocker | β2 adrenoreceptor activation | Adiponectin ↑, leptin↓ |
Aldosteron antagonists | Aldosteron antagonism | PAI-1↓ |
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors | Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system | Adiponectin↑ |
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers | Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system | Adiponectin↑, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓ |
Effects through PPARγ activation | ||
(HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors | Anti-inflammatory | Adiponectin↑↓, visfatin↓ |
Fibrates | Effects through PPARα activation | Adiponectin↑, RBP-4↓, PAI-1↓, MCP-1↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓ |
Effects through PPARγ activation | ||
Metformin | Anti-inflammatory | Vaspin↓, MIF↓ |
AMPK activation | ||
Thiazolidinediones | Effects through PPARγ activation | Adiponectin↑, HMW adiponectin↑, leptin↑, RBP-4↓, PAI-1↓ |