Background
Methods
Study area
Sampling
Translation and adaptation of the Child-OIDP inventory
Interview variables
Variables | Categories | Kinondoni % (n) | Temeke %(n) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 41.1 (412) | 36.8 (220) | P = 0.050 |
Female | 58.9 (591) | 63.2 (378) | ||
Age | 12 Yrs | 26.1 (262) | 23.9 (143) | P = 0.033 |
13 yrs | 41.9 (420) | 48.5 (290) | ||
14 yrs | 32.0 (321) | 27.6 (165) | ||
Parental education | Both low | 38.5 (210) | 53.8 (149) | P = 0.000 |
One low/one high | 24.2 (132) | 20.9 (58) | ||
Both high | 37.2 (203) | 25.3 (70) | ||
Place of residence: | Urban | 63.5 (637) | 82.3 (492) | P = 0.000 |
Rural | 36.5 (366) | 17.7 (106) | ||
DMFT | 0 | 78.3 (785) | 77.6 (464) | P = 0.399 |
> 1 | 21.7 (218) | 22.4 (134) | ||
OHIS Debris score | Good | 68.0 (682) | 61.9 (370) | P = 0.007 |
Fair/poor | 32.0 (321) | 38.1 (228) | ||
Overall satisfaction | Satisfied | 87.8 (881) | 90.1 (539) | P = 0.092 |
with oral health | Dissatisfied | 12.2 (122) | 9.9 (59) | |
State of teeth | Good | 84.8 (851) | 91.6 (548) | P = 0.000 |
Bad | 15.2 (152) | 8.4 (50) | ||
State of health | Good | 93.2 (935) | 96.5 (577) | P = 0.003 |
Bad | 6.8 (68) | 3.5 (21) | ||
Oral problems | None | 43.3 (434) | 30.1 (180) | P = 0.000 |
≥1 | 56.7 (569) | 69.9 (418) | ||
Finger sucking | No | 70.6 (708) | 66.1 (395) | P = 0.033 |
Yes | 29.4 (295) | 33.9 (203) | ||
Dental attendance | No | 86.8 (871) | 80.9 (484) | P = 0.001 |
Yes | 13.2 (132) | 19.1 (114) | ||
Sugar intake | 0–1 item | 35.3 (354) | 36.5 (218) | P = 0.339 |
> 1 items | 64.7 (649) | 63.5 (380) |
Clinical Examination
Statistical analyses
Results
Sample profile
Reliability and validity of the Child-OIDP
Self rated oral health | % Child OIDPSC > 0 | Mean (SD) Child OIDP ADD scores | DMR |
---|---|---|---|
Overall satisfaction with teeth
| |||
Satisfied | 26.0 (369) | 1.0 (2.5) | |
Dissatisfied | 49.2 (89)** | 2.4 (3.8)** | 91.1 |
State of teeth
| |||
Good | 25.1 (351) | 1.0 (2.6) | |
Bad | 53 (107)** | 2.3 (3.4)** | 120.5 |
State of general health
| |||
Good | 27.6 (417) | 1.1 (2.7) | |
Bad | 46.1 (41)** | 1.9 (3.3)** | 38.0 |
Reported oral problems
| |||
No problem | 11.6 (71) | 0.4 (1.7) | |
≥1 problems | 39.2 (387)** | 1.6 (3.1)** | 256.2 |
DMFT
| |||
DMFT = 0 | 26.7 (333) | 1.1 (2.6) | |
DMFT > 0 | 35.5 (125)* | 1.5 (3.1)** | 59.5 |
Oral Hygiene score
| |||
Good | 27.3 (287) | 1.1 (2.7) | |
Fair/poor | 31.1 (171)ns | 1.2 (2.8) ns | 34.1 |
Socio-behavioral variables | % OIDP > 0 | Mean (SD) OIDP ADD scores | DMR |
---|---|---|---|
Place of residence
| |||
Urban | 28.3 (319) | 1.1 (2.7) | |
Rural | 29.4 (139)ns | 1.2 (2.7) ns | 9.7 |
Age
| |||
12 yrs | 24.0 (97) | 1.1 (2.8) | |
13 yrs | 30.8 (219) | 1.2 (2.5) | |
14 yrs | 29.2 (142)* | 1.3 (2.9) ns | 37.6 |
District
| |||
Kinondoni | 18.5 (186) | 0.4 (1.2) | |
Temeke | 45.5 (272)** | 2.3 (3.9)** | 247.1 |
Finger sucking
| |||
No | 25.8 (285) | 1.0 (2.7) | |
Yes | 34.7 (173)** | 1.4 (2.9)** | 74.8 |
Dental attendance
| |||
No | 26.5 (359) | 1.1 (2.6) | 70.1 |
Yes | 40.2 (99)** | 1.8 (3.4)** | |
Sugar intake
| |||
0–1 item | 25.2 (144) | 1.1 (2.9) | |
> 1 items | 30.5 (314)* | 1.2 (2.6)* | 48.1 |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Step 1 | |||
District: Kinondoni | 1 | 1 | P = 0.001 |
Temeke | 3.6 (2.9–4.5) | 4.8 (3.6–6.2) | |
Area: Urban | 1 | 1 | P = 0.001 |
Rural | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.6 (1.2–2.2) | |
Sex: Male | 1 | 1 | P = 0.736 |
Female | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | |
Age: 12 yrs | 1 | 1 | P = 0.052 |
13 yrs | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | |
14 yrs | 1.3 (0.9–1.7) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | |
Finger/lip sucking: no | 1 | 1 | P = 0.093 |
yes | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | |
Sugar items: 0–1 | 1 | 1 | P = 0.207 |
> 1 | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | |
Dental attendance: no | 1 | 1 | P = 0.062 |
yes | 1.8 (1.4–2.7) | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | |
Step 2 | |||
DMFT = 0 | 1 | 1 | P = 0.238 |
DMFT > 0 | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | 1.2 (0.8–1.6) | |
Step 3 | |||
OHIS: good | 1 | 1 | P = 0.916 |
fair/poor | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | |
Satisfied with oral health | 1 | 1 | P = 0.001 |
Dissatisfied with oral health | 2.8 (2.0–3.7) | 1.9 (1.3–2.8) | |
No oral problem | 1 | 1 | P = 0.001 |
≥1 oral problems | 4.9 (3.7–6.5) | 3.9 (2.9–5.2) | |
State of teeth: good | 1 | 1 | P = 0.001 |
bad | 3.3 (2.4–4.5) | 3.1 (2.1–4.5) | |
State of health: good | 1 | 1 | P = 0.023 |
bad | 2.2 (1.4–3.4) | 1.8 (1.1–3.0) |
Child-OIDP prevalence and the perceived causes of oral impacts
Child – OIDP performance items | All % (n) | Kinondoni % (n) | Temeke % (n) |
---|---|---|---|
Eating | 21.5 (344) | 13.3 (133) | 35.3 (211) |
Speaking | 5.4 (86) | 1.1 (11) | 12.5 (75) |
Cleaning teeth | 15.4 (247) | 8.6 (86) | 26.9 (161) |
Sleeping/relaxing | 5.3 (85) | 3.7 (37) | 8.0 (48) |
Smiling | 6.2 (99) | 2.1 (21) | 13.0 (78) |
Emotional | 2.0 (32) | 1.9 (19) | 2.2 (13) |
School work | 1.8 (29) | 1.3 (13) | 2.7 (16) |
Enjoying contact with people | 5.1 (81) | 1.2 (12) | 11.5 (69) |
% with at least one OIDP | 28.6 (458) | 18.5 (186) | 45.5 (272) |