Background
Methods
Study design and study setting
The intervention and its implementation
Recruitment and study sample
Questionnaire
Data collection
Data analysis
Ethical consideration
Results
Description of the study sample
N = 200 (100%)** | Initial telephone contact point n = 130 (65.5%) | Joint counter (Emergency department, outpatient emergency care service) n = 69 (34.5%) |
---|---|---|
Age group | ||
Between 18 and 29 | 22 (16.8) | 8 (11.6) |
Between 30 and 49 | 30 (22.9) | 14 (20.3) |
50 and older | 76 (58.0) | 46 (66.7) |
No answer | 3 (2.3) | 1 (1.4) |
Sex | ||
Female | 82 (63.1) | 66 (95.7) |
Male | 45 (34.6) | 2 (2.9) |
No answer | 3 (2.3) | 1 (1.4) |
Professional qualification | ||
Physician | 0 | 1 (1.4) |
Nurse | 10 (7.6) | 3 (3.4) |
Practice assistant | 45 (34.4) | 53 (76.8) |
Emergency paramedic | 31 (23.7) | 2 (2.9) |
Other | 28 (21.4) | 6 (8.7) |
No answer | 17 (13.0) | 4 (5.8) |
Employment contract | ||
Full-time (75–100%) | 60 (45.8) | 29 (42.0) |
Part-time (50%) | 20 (15.4) | 10 (14.5) |
Part-time (25%) | 0 | 2 (2.9) |
Temporary employment | 37 (28.2) | 24 (34.8) |
Other | 9 (6.9) | 0 |
No answer | 5 (3.8) | 4 (5.8) |
Professional experience | ||
between less than one year and two years | 38 (29.9) | 13 (18.8) |
between two and four years | 19 (14.5) | 6 (8.7) |
between four and five years | 6 (4.6) | 2 (2.9) |
more than four years | 66 (50.4) | 46 (66.7) |
No answer | 2 (1.5) | 2 (2.9) |
Use of SmED | ||
every second patient | 42 (32.1) | 23 (33.3) |
every third patient | 36 (27.5) | 8 (11.6) |
every fourth patient | 11 (8.4) | 2 (2.9) |
every fifth patient | 5 (3.8) | 2 (2.9) |
I don't know | 35 (26.7) | 29 (42.0) |
No answer | 2 (1.5) | 5 (7.2) |
Evaluation of the implementation of SmED in the two settings
Initial telephone contact point Mean (SD) | Joint counter mean (SD) | F | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention effectiveness/efficacy* | 2.97 (0.97) | 2.95 (0.98) | 1.39 | 0.253 |
Interprofessional context/ occupational interest* | 3.01 (0.93) | 2.64 (1.06) | 1.84 | 0.163 |
Individual context* | 3.01 (0.88) | 3.05 (0.93) | 0.69 | 0.503 |
Organisational framework conditions* | 3.26 (1.16) | 3.53 (0.96) | 0.36 | 0.697 |
Medical context* | 2.54 (0.88) | 2.66 (0.87) | 0.45 | 0.637 |
Impact of the implementation of SmED on the use of SmED
Dependent predictor | B (SE) | Wald | Ex(B) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Use of SmED | ||||
Intervention effectiveness/efficacy | 0.315 (0.175) | 3.24 | 0.73 | 0.072 |
Interprofessional context/occupational interest | − 0.288 (0.162) | 7.91 | 0.75 | 0.076 |
Individual context | − 0.535 (0.185) | 8.403 | 0.59 | 0.004* |
Organisational framework conditions | − 0.297 (0.166) | 6.60 | 0.74 | 0.074 |
Medical context | − 0.389 (0.190) | 4.187 | 0.68 | 0.041* |
Association between individual characteristic and the implementation of SmED
Dependent predictor | B (SE) | Beta (β) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Intervention effectiveness/efficacy scale | |||
Age | |||
50 and older | *ref | ||
49 and younger | − 0.09 (0.15) | − 0.05 | 0.543 |
29 and younger | 0.63 (0.24) | 0.21 | 0.010* |
Gender | |||
Female | *ref | ||
Male | − 0.21 (0.10) | − 0.15 | 0.042* |
Professional qualification | |||
Practice assistant | *ref | ||
Nurse | 0.60 (0.31) | 0.14 | 0.061 |
Paramedic | − 0.216 (0.19) | − 0.08 | 0.277 |
Other | − 0.16 (0.20) | − 0.06 | 0.433 |
Employment contract | |||
(Full-time vs. Part-time/temporarily employment) | 0.26 (0.15) | 0.13 | 0.088 |
Professional experience | |||
(less than 5 years vs. more than 5 years) | − 0.18 (0.15) | − 0.09 | 0.230 |
Use of SmED | |||
(every second patient vs. every third to fifth patient) | − 0.28 (0.15) | − 0.14 | 0.070 |
Out-of-hours service setting | |||
Joint counter | *ref | ||
116,117 | 0.01 (0.16) | 0.00 | 0.909 |
Interprofessional context/ occupational interest scale | |||
Age | |||
50 and older | *ref | ||
49 and younger | − 0.24 (0.15) | − 0.12 | 0.115 |
29 and younger | 0.46 (0.21) | 0.16 | 0.035* |
Gender | |||
Female | *ref | ||
Male | − 0.17 (0.10) | − 0.12 | 0.091 |
Professional qualification | |||
Practice assistant | *ref | ||
Nurse | − 0.043 (0.30) | − 0.011 | 0.888 |
Paramedic | 0.00 (0.20) | 0.00 | 0.982 |
Other | 0.03 (0.20) | 0.01 | 0.865 |
Employment contract | |||
(Full-time vs. Part-time/ temporarily employment) | 0.16 (0.15) | 0.08 | 0.295 |
Professional experience | |||
(less than 5 years vs. more than 5 years) | − 0.32 (0.14) | − 0.15 | 0.032* |
Use of SmED | |||
(every second patient vs. every third to fifth patient) | − 0.27 (0.15) | − 0.13 | 0.074 |
Out-of-hours service setting | |||
Joint counter | *ref | ||
116117 | 0.36 (0.15) | 0.17 | 0.018* |
Dependent predictor | B (SE) | Beta (β) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Individual context scale | |||
Age | |||
50 and older | *ref | ||
49 and younger | − 0.13 (0.14) | − 0.07 | 0.384 |
29 and younger | 0.41 (0.20) | 0.16 | 0.046* |
Gender | |||
Female | *ref | ||
Male | − 0.26 (0.09) | − 0.21 | 0.005* |
Professional qualification | |||
Practice assistant | *ref | ||
Nurse | 0.22 (0.26) | 0.06 | 0.400 |
Paramedic | − 0.10 (0.18) | − 0.04 | 0.581 |
Other | 0.09 (0.18) | 0.04 | 0.622 |
Employment contract | |||
(Full-time vs. Part-time/temporarily employment) | 0.03 (0.14) | 0.02 | 0.818 |
Professional experience | |||
(less than 5 years vs. more than 5 years) | − 0.28 (0.13) | − 0.15 | 0.036* |
Use of SmED | |||
(every second patient vs. ever third to fifth patient) | − 0.41 (0.14) | − 0.22 | 0.003* |
Out-of-hours service setting | |||
Joint counter | *ref | ||
116,117 | − 0.05 (0.14) | − 0.03 | 0.727 |
Organisational framework conditions scale | |||
Age | |||
50 and older | *ref | ||
49 and younger | − 0.19 (0.16) | − 0.09 | 0.243 |
29 and younger | 0.37 (0.24) | 0.12 | 0.126 |
Gender | |||
Female | *ref | ||
Male | − 0.15 (0.11) | − 0.10 | 0.176 |
Professional qualification | |||
Practice assistant | *ref | ||
Nurse | 0.01 (0.31) | 0.00 | 0.970 |
Paramedic | − 0.08 (0.20) | − 0.03 | 0.685 |
Other | 0.07 (0.22) | 0.02 | 0.735 |
Employment contract | |||
(Full-time vs. part-time/temporarily employment) | − 0.06 (0.16) | − 0.03 | 0.703 |
Professional experience | |||
(less than 5 years vs. more than 5 years) | − 0.53 (0.15) | − 0.25 | 0.001* |
Use of SmED | |||
(every second patient vs. ever third to fifth patient) | − 0.29 (0.16) | − 0.13 | 0.073 |
Out-of-hours service setting | |||
Joint counter | *ref | ||
116117 | 0.27 (0.16) | − 0.12 | 0.099 |
Dependent predictor | B (SE) | Beta (β) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Medical context scale | |||
Age | |||
50 and older | *ref | ||
49 and younger | − 0.07 (0.14) | − 0.41 | 0.614 |
29 and younger | 0.44 (0.21) | 0.17 | 0.038* |
Gender | |||
Female | *ref | ||
Male | − 0.21 (0.09) | − 0.17 | 0.028* |
Professional qualification | |||
Practice assistant | *ref | ||
Nurse | 0.15 (0.25) | 0.05 | 0.552 |
Paramedic | − 0.15 (0.17) | − 0.07 | 0.288 |
Other | 0.14 (0.19) | 0.06 | 0.474 |
Employment contract | |||
(Full-time vs. Part-time/temporarily employment) | 0.22 (0.14) | 0.12 | 0.117 |
Professional experience | |||
(less then 5 years vs. more than 5 years) | − 0.28 (0.14) | − 0.16 | 0.042* |
Use of SmED | |||
(every second patient vs. ever third to fifth patient) | − 0.29 (0.13) | − 0.16 | 0.038* |
Out-of-hours service setting | |||
Joint counter | *ref | ||
116117 | − 0.13 (0.14) | − 0.07 | 0.352 |