Background
Methods
Intervention setting
Study design
Quantitative/qualitative data collected in the survey
Type of services | Quantitative indicators (Survey of female workers) | Qualitative indicators |
---|---|---|
Hotline | • Frequency of services • Ranking frequent topic of call • Number of calls over time • % of women ever heard about the services • % of women ever used services • Ranking about quality/importance of services | • In-depth information about issues when implementing services from service provider (hotline expert) • In-depth information about relevance, quality and usefulness of services from female workers |
Map of health care services providers | • Number of health services provided surveyed and presented in map • % of women ever received map • % of women ever used map to find health care providers • Ranking about quality/importance of services | • In-depth information about relevance, quality and usefulness of services from female workers |
SMS | • Frequency of services • Number of SMS developed • Number of SMS sent over time • Major topic of SMS sent • % of women ever heard about the services • % of women ever used services • Ranking about quality/importance of services | • In-depth information about relevance, quality and usefulness of services from female workers |
Description of intervention
Ethical approval
Results
Characteristics of intervention cohort
Variable |
n
| % |
---|---|---|
Average age (years) | 21.6 ± 3.2 | |
Average income (in millions of VND) | 1.3 ± 1.2 | |
(1 USD = 22,500 VND) | ||
Average temporary residence period at Long Bien(months) | 5.0 ± 3.8 | |
Marital status | ||
Unmarried
| 345 | 83.9 |
Married
| 66 | 16.1 |
Highest education | ||
Primary
| 25 | 6.1 |
Secondary
| 136 | 33.1 |
High school
| 175 | 42.6 |
Vocational school
| 27 | 6.6 |
College/university and higher
| 48 | 11.7 |
Number of migrations | ||
1 time (the first time)
| 260 | 64.2 |
Many times (with specific number)
| 40 | 9.9 |
Many times (without number)
| 81 | 20.0 |
Not sure
| 24 | 5.9 |
Registered temporary residence | 405 | 98.5 |
Have health insurance | 263 | 64.0 |
Intervention activities
Hotline services
SMS services
n (out of 444) |
%
| |
---|---|---|
SMS service
| ||
Not very useful | 6 | 1.4 |
Not useful | 18 | 4.1 |
Neutral | 42 | 9.5 |
Useful | 288 | 64.9 |
Very useful | 90 | 20.3 |
Content of SMS messages
| ||
Not useful | 19 | 4.1 |
Neutral | 36 | 8.1 |
Useful | 216 | 48.6 |
Very useful | 174 | 39.2 |
Map of local health services providers
Impact of the mHealth intervention on female migrants
Changes in knowledge
Before (n = 411) | After (n = 411) |
p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Names of STDs
| |||
Never heard of STDs
| 64 (15.6) | 51 (12.4) | 0.21 |
List 1 disease
| 169 (41.1) | 99 (24.1) | <0.001 |
List at least 2 diseases
| 178 (43.3) | 261 (63.5) | <0.001 |
High-risk behaviors for HIV
| |||
Do not keep genitals clean (False)
| 64 (15.6) | 62 (15.1) | 0.92 |
Having sex with multiple partners without a condom (True)
| 251 (61.1) | 302 (73.5) | <0.001 |
Having sexual intercourse with someone who has HIV, without a condom (True)
| 356 (86.6) | 379 (92.2) | 0.01 |
Sharing needles (True)
| 286 (69.6) | 318 (77.4) | 0.02 |
Kissing (false)
| 27 (6.6) | 21 (5.1) | 0.46 |
HIV prevention methods
| |||
Abstinence
| 79 (19.2) | 169 (41.1) | <0.001 |
Condom use
| 371 (90.3) | 400 (97.3) | <0.001 |
Sex with just one partner
| 138 (33.6) | 215 (52.3) | <0.001 |
Avoid sex with commercial sex workers
| 241 (58.6) | 375 (91.2) | <0.001 |
Names of contraceptive methods | |||
List at least 3 methods
| 321 (78.1) | 354 (86.1) | 0.003 |
List 1 or 2 methods
| 75 (18.2) | 47 (11.4) | 0.009 |
Don’t know
| 15 (3.6) | 10 (2.4) | 0.41 |