Background
Methods
WHO/HAI data collection
Outcome measures
Secondary data analysis
Income group | Countries surveyed |
---|---|
Low income (LI) | Chad, Ethiopia, Ghana, India (Chennai, Haryana, Karnataka, Maharashtra 12 districts, Maharashtra 4 regions, Rajasthan, West-Bengal), Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Mali, Mongolia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sudan (Gadarif, Khartoum, Kordofan), Tajikistan, Tanzania, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Yemen. |
Lower-middle income (LMI) | Armenia, Cameroon, China (Shandong, Shanghai), El-Salvador, Fiji, Indonesia, Jordan, Morocco, Peru, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tunisia. |
Upper-middle income (UMI) | Brazil (Rio de Janeiro), Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Malaysia, South Africa (Kwazulu Natal State) |
High income (HI) | Kuwait, United Arab Emirates |
Results
Availability
Atenolol | Captopril | HCT | Losartan | Nifedipine | All | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LPG | OB | LPG | OB | LPG | OB | LPG | OB | LPG | OB | LPG | OB | |
% | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |
(n) | (n) | (n) | (n) | (n) | (n) | (n) | (n) | (n) | (n) | |||
LI
| 40.7 (20) | 0.8 (20) | 18.6 (21) | 1.4 (21) | 15.0 (21) | 0.4 (16) | 2.2 (16) | 0.0 (13) | 24.5 (19) | 0.2 (19) | 20.8 | 0.6 |
LMI
| 17.8 (8) | 3.8 (8) | 59.4 (9) | 8.7 (9) | 51.3 (9) | 0.0 (9) | 8.6 (8) | 12.1 (8) | 20.4 (8) | 21.5 (8) | 32.6 | 9.0 |
UMI
| 5.0 (3) | 3.3 (3) | 5.0 (3) | 66.7 (3) | 33.3 (2) | 0.0 (2) | 0.0 (3) | 30.0 (3) | 35.0 (3) | 0.0 (3) | 14.4 | 21.4 |
HI
| 93.0 (2) | 10.5 (2) | 81.3 (2) | 5.6 (2) | 46.9 (2) | 0.0 (1) | 0.0 (1) | 72.2 (1) | 50.0 (2) | 100.0 (2) | 60.3 | 38.1 |
All
|
38.9
(33)
|
2.3
(33)
|
31.5
(35)
|
9.1
(35)
|
27.7
(34)
|
0.2
(28)
|
3.7
(28)
|
10.4
(25)
|
26.0
(32)
|
11.7
(32)
|
26.3
|
6.8
|
Atenolol | Captopril | HCT | Losartan | Nifedipine | All | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LPG | OB | LPG | OB | LPG | OB | LPG | OB | LPG | OB | LPG | OB | |
% | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |
(n) | (n) | (n) | (n) | (n) | (n) | (n) | (n) | (n) | (n) | |||
LI
| 79.7 (22) | 32.5 (22) | 25.9 (23) | 24.0 (23) | 35.5 (22) | 1.7 (18) | 46.0 (16) | 5.7 (13) | 74.8 (21) | 13.0 (21) | 52.3 | 17.0 |
LMI
| 59.1 (10) | 38.9 (10) | 83.5 (11) | 39.4 (11) | 64.3 (10) | 8.9 (10) | 37.8 (10) | 42.9 (10) | 45.6 (9) | 38.6 (9) | 58.8 | 33.9 |
UMI
| 72.3 (4) | 66.8 (4) | 68.5 (4) | 84.4 (4) | 55.5 (3) | 21.7 (3) | 15.0 (3) | 66.7 (3) | 82.1 (3) | 36.9 (3) | 60.1 | 57.7 |
HI
| 76.0 (2) | 98.0 (2) | 16.7 (2) | 94.0 (2) | 50.0 (2) | 0.0 (1) | 0.0 (1) | 100 (1) | 34.8 (2) | 98.0 (2) | 39.4 | 85.0 |
All
|
73.3
(38)
|
42.8
(38)
|
59.4
(40)
|
36.5
(40)
|
45.9
(37)
|
6.7
(32)
|
38.6
(30)
|
29.8
(27)
|
65.6
(35)
|
26.5
(35)
|
57.3
|
29.2
|
Public sector procurement prices
Patient prices
Atenolol | Captopril | HCT | Nifedipine | All | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LPG | OB | LPG | OB | LPG | OB | LPG | OB | LPG | OB | |
(n) | (n) | (n) | (n) | (n) | (n) | (n) | (n) | |||
LI
| 15.7 (7) | 7.2 (7) | 15.8 (1) | 40.5 (4) | 9.8 (6) | 15.9 | 15.8 | |||
LMI
| 40.2 (3) | 122.3 (1) | 6.9 (6) | 71.2 (2) | 12.0 (4) | 9.5 (2) | 20.4 (1) | 15.3 | 71.3 | |
UMI
| 7.0 (1) | 15.2 (1) | 9.5 (1) | 12.4 | 7.0 | |||||
HI
| ||||||||||
All
|
23.0
(10)
|
122.3
(1)
|
7.0
(13)
|
41.3
(4)
|
25.0
(9)
|
9.7
(9)
|
20.4
(1)
|
15.5
|
51.3
|
Atenolol | Captopril | HCT | Nifedipine | All | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LPG | OB | LPG | OB | LPG | OB | LPG | OB | LPG | OB | |
(n) | (n) | (n) | (n) | (n) | (n) | (n) | (n) | |||
LI
| 21.0 (22) | 107.3 (13) | 12.4 (21) | 3.9 (9) | 85.2 (16) | 73.0 (1) | 11.8 (20) | 51.6 (7) | 35.6 | 74.9 |
LMI
| 41.5 (9) | 87.6 (7) | 14.7 (12) | 39.8 (10) | 66.6 (10) | 27.8 (6) | 81.8 (6) | 45.7 | 70.0 | |
UMI
| 13.2 (3) | 83.4 (3) | 8.9 (3) | 31.6 (4) | 36.0 (3) | 156.8 (3) | 11.1 (3) | 46.0 (2) | 22.4 | 81.6 |
HI
| 26.8 (2) | 37.2 (2) | 10.7 (2) | 12.1 (2) | 55.2 (1) | 13.9 (1) | 23.6 (2) | 38.5 | 31.3 | |
All
|
25.8
(36)
|
93.2
(25)
|
12.7
(38)
|
34.1
(25)
|
73.0
(30)
|
135.8
(4)
|
15.0
(30)
|
58.3
(17)
|
30.2
|
65.4
|