Background
Methods
Study population and design
Measure of health-related quality of life
Statistical analyses
Results
Classification | Characteristics | Frequency (Total = 265) | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 115 | 43.4 |
Female | 150 | 56.6 | |
Marital Status | Single | 8 | 3 |
Married | 202 | 76.2 | |
Widowed | 55 | 20.8 | |
Ethnic Grouping | Yoruba | 257 | 97 |
Ibo | 8 | 3 | |
Religious Affiliation | Christianity | 176 | 66.4 |
Islam | 88 | 33.2 | |
Traditional | 1 | 0.4 | |
Educational Status | None | 76 | 28.7 |
Primary | 42 | 15.8 | |
Secondary | 62 | 23.4 | |
Tertiary | 85 | 32.1 | |
Social Class | White Collar | 99 | 37.4 |
Self Employed | 91 | 34.3 | |
Blue Collar | 22 | 8.3 | |
Missing | 53 | 20 | |
Age | 30–39 | 3 | 1.1 |
40–49 | 22 | 8.3 | |
50–59 | 70 | 26.4 | |
>60 | 162 | 61.1 | |
Unknown age | 8 | 3.0 |
clinical variables | Frequency | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Symptom counts
| ||
No symptom | 134 | 50.6 |
1 symptom | 88 | 33.2 |
2 symptoms | 23 | 8.7 |
>3 symptoms | 20 | 7.5 |
Comorbidities/complications
| ||
Angina Pectoris | 5 | 1.9 |
Diabetes | 63 | 23.6 |
Nephropathy | 2 | 0.8 |
Stroke | 10 | 3.9 |
Myocardial Infarct | 1 | 0.4 |
Heart failure | 6 | 2.3 |
Visual impairment | 34 | 12.8 |
Body mass index BMI (kg/m
2
)
| ||
<19 | 19 | 7.2 |
19 – 25 | 140 | 52.7 |
26 – 30 | 54 | 20.5 |
31 and above | 52 | 19.7 |
Duration of hypertension (years.)
| ||
0.3–3.9 | 173 | 65.3 |
4.0 – 10.9 | 55 | 20.9 |
11 – 30 | 37 | 13.8 |
Prevalence of symptoms
| ||
Headache | 28 | 10.6 |
Fatigue | 21 | 7.9 |
Blurred vision | 25 | 9.4 |
Frequent Insomnia | 98 | 37.0 |
Dizziness | 16 | 6.0 |
Facial Flushing | 12 | 4.5 |
Tinnitus | 16 | 6.0 |
Mean ± SD | P-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Domains | Total | Patients with Controlled BP | Patients with Uncontrolled BP | |
Physical Functioning | 33.53 ± 29.65 | 32.25 ± 29.73 | 34.93 ± 29.63 | 0.464 |
Role Physical | 54.66 ± 40.36 | 59.49 ± 41.47 | 49.41 ± 38.59 | 0.043* |
Role Emotional | 51.14 ± 40.58 | 58.21 ± 39.48 | 43.39 ± 40.51 | 0.003* |
Vitality | 79.85 ± 14.57 | 81.94 ± 14.19 | 77.55 ± 14.18 | 0.014* |
Mental Health | 70.65 ± 17.87 | 72.86 ± 17.48 | 68.20 ± 18.03 | 0.034* |
Social Functioning | 75.19 ± 22.97 | 75.63 ± 24.09 | 74.70 ± 21.76 | 0.743 |
Bodily Pain | 76.28 ± 30.17 | 77.54 ± 28.86 | 74.90 ± 31.60 | 0.479 |
Mean ± SD | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Controlled BP | Uncontrolled BP | p-value | |
Physical component summary (PCS) score | 56.54 ± 15.75 | 57.83 ± 15.53 | 55.13 ± 15.93 | 0.164 |
Mental component (MCS) score | 69.21 ± 17.66 | 72.16 ± 18.18 | 65.01 ± 16.53 | 0.004* |
Total quality of life (T-QOL) score | 62.74 ± 15.61 | 65.01 ± 15.66 | 60.28 ± 15.24 | 0.014* |
Variable | Sub-group | Mean ± SD | Test statistic value | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Symptom count | No symptom | 51.62 ± 13.99 | 10.71b
| < 0.001* |
≥ 1 symptom | 61.63 ± 15.96 | |||
BMI | Obese | 51.36 ± 16.96 | -2.66b
| 0.008* |
Not Obese | 57.79 ± 15.25 | |||
Visual impairment | Yes | 51.84 ± 12.76 | -2.07b
| 0.04* |
No | 56.95 ± 16.19 |
Variable | Sub-group | Mean ± SD | Test statistic value | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Education status | Any Educ. | 71.80 ± 17.09 | -3.89b
| < 0.001* |
No Educ. | 62.66 ± 17.47 | |||
Marital status | Married | 70.75 ± 17.26 | 2.59b
| 0.01* |
Single | 64.17 ± 18.14 | |||
Occupational class | White collar | 72.42 ± 16.67 | 4.47a
| 0.01* |
Self empl. | 65.94 ± 18.37 | |||
Blue collar | 63.00 ± 18.46 | |||
BMI | Obese | 62.82 ± 16.81 | 2.90b
| 0.004* |
Not obese | 70.71 ± 17.59 | |||
Symptom count | No symptom | 64.78 ± 15.39 | -4.29b
| < 0.001* |
≥ 1 symptom | 73.86 ± 18.73 | |||
Stroke | Yes | 52.68 ± 16.42 | -2.99b
| 0.003* |
No | 69.49 ± 17.43 | |||
Visual impairment | Yes | 56.93 ± 14.99 | -4.80b
| < 0.001* |
No | 70.63 ± 17.34 |
Variable | Sub-group | Mean ± SD | Test statistic value | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Education status | Any Edu. | 64.41 ± 14.85 | -2.78b
| 0.006* |
No Edu. | 58.59 ± 16.76 | |||
BMI | Obese | 56.49 ± 16.80 | -3.27b
| 0.001* |
Not Obese | 64.25 ± 14.99 | |||
Symptom count | No symptom | 58.20 ± 12.98 | -5.03b
| < 0.001* |
≥ 1 symptom | 67.46 ± 16.76 | |||
Stroke | Yes | 51.31 ± 11.67 | -3.03b
| 0.01* |
No | 62.88 ± 15.68 | |||
Visual impairment | Yes | 54.38 ± 12.11 | -3.23b
| < 0.001* |
No | 63.63 ± 15.79 |
MCS | Coefficient | Beta | p-value | Lower CL | Upper CL |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Constant | 16.854 | 0.459 | -27.952 | 61.660 | |
Age | -0.124 | -0.075 | 0.291 | -0.356 | 0.108 |
Edu. status | 6.261 | 0.158 | 0.040* | 0.281 | 12.241 |
Marital status | -0.166 | -0.004 | 0.953 | -5.772 | 5.439 |
Occupational class | 0.379 | 0.014 | 0.852 | -3.632 | 4.391 |
BMI | -0.298 | -0.095 | 0.188 | -0.742 | 0.147 |
MABP | -0.286 | -0.170 | 0.013* | -0.511 | -0.060 |
HTN duration | 0.109 | 0.039 | 0.578 | -0.277 | 0.496 |
Symptom count | 12.035 | 0.339 | 0.000* | 7.190 | 16.881 |
Stroke | 21.552 | 0.250 | 0.000* | 10.166 | 32.939 |
Visual impairment | 12.599 | 0.195 | 0.005* | 3.832 | 21.365 |
PCS score | Coefficient | Beta | p-value | Lower CL | Upper CL |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Constant | 44.551 | 0.000 | 24.963 | 64.139 | |
BMI | -0.517 | -0.180 | 0.005* | -0.879 | -0.155 |
Symptom count | 10.546 | 0.335 | 0.000* | 6.542 | 14.550 |
Visual impairment | 5.380 | 0.890 | 0.155 | -2.050 | 12.810 |
HTN Duration | -0.152 | -0.059 | 0.359 | -0.477 | 0.174 |
T-QOL | Coefficient | Beta | p-value | Lower CL | Upper CL |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Constant | 28.423 | 0.100 | -5.457 | 62.304 | |
Edu. status | 3.030 | 0.090 | 0.230 | -1.940 | 7.999 |
Marital status | 0.327 | 0.009 | 0.892 | -5.071 | 4.417 |
Occupational class | -0.263 | -0.011 | 0.880 | -3.702 | 3.177 |
BMI | -0.252 | -0.093 | 0.179 | -0.621 | 0.117 |
MABP | -0.273 | -0.188 | 0.006* | -0.466 | -0.080 |
HTN duration | -0.040 | -0.017 | 0.814 | -0.295 | 0.375 |
Symptom count | 12.284 | 0.404 | 0.000* | 8.169 | 16.399 |
Stroke | 13.551 | 0.179 | 0.008* | 3.600 | 23.501 |
Visual impairment | 9.411 | 0.167 | 0.015* | 1.823 | 16.399 |