Background
Methods
Assessments
Statistical methods
Ethics
Results
Subject characteristics and food groups
|
IBS
|
Non-IBS
|
p
|
---|---|---|---|
n = 269
|
n = 277
| ||
Female, % (0.0) | 67.7 | 68.2 | 0.89 |
Age, years (0.0) | 43.9 (10.1) | 43.5 (10.0) | 0.57 |
BMI, kg/m2 (0.2) | 26.9 (4.6) | 26.6 (4.2) | 0.70 |
Education, years (0.4) | 12.0 (3.5) | 12.9 (3.3) | 0.024 |
Number of diseases (0–9) (7.5) | 0.8 (1.1) | 0.5 (0.9) | < 0.001 |
HSCL101 (1–4) (6.4) | 1.6 (0.6) | 1.3 (0.4) | < 0.001 |
Allergic rhinitis, % (4.0) | 21.4 | 10.3 | < 0.001 |
Musculoskeletal complaints (0–12) (34.6) | 3.5 (3.0) | 2.0 (2.2) | < 0.001 |
Physical activity, hours/day (10.6) | 2.8 (1.7) | 3.0 (1.7) | 0.11 |
Smoking, % (1.3) | 34.7 | 35.4 | 0.87 |
IgG antibodies FP52 (0.0) | 35.7 (35.1) | 38.8 (37.0) | 0.12 |
IgG antibodies FP733 (0.0) | 6.5 (4.6) | 6.8 (5.9) | 0.46 |
IgG antibodies against milk, mg/L (0.0) | 13.0 (13.9) | 16.1 (22.9) | 0.046 |
IgG antibodies against egg, mg/L (0.0) | 31.8 (37.3) | 33.3 (36.4) | 0.47 |
IgG antibodies against wheat, mg/L (0.0) | 11.5 (10.9) | 13.5 (15.8) | 0.039 |
IgG antibodies against pork, mg/L (0.0) | 4.2 (2.2) | 4.2 (1.9) | 0.60 |
IgG antibodies against beef, mg/L (0.0) | 6.3 (1.6) | 6.5 (1.6) | 0.24 |
IgG antibodies against chicken, mg/L (0.0) | 5.7 (3.8) | 6.2 (5.1) | 0.091 |
IgG antibodies against cod, mg/L (0.0) | 4.1 (2.8) | 4.0 (2.1) | 0.55 |
IgG antibodies against brewers’ yeast, mg/L (0.0) | 9.0 (7.3) | 8.5 (6.0) | 0.40 |
IgG antibodies against Candida albicans, mg/L (0.0) | 66.8 (56.1) | 55.5 (46.8) | 0.057 |
IgG4 antibodies against milk, mg/L (0.0) | 7.9 (13.0) | 8.6 (12.9) | 0.13 |
IgG4 antibodies against egg, mg/L (0.0) | 12.8 (16.9) | 14.4 (17.7) | 0.31 |
IgG4 antibodies against wheat, mg/L (0.0) | 1.3 (3.0) | 1.8 (5.2) | 0.13 |
IgG4 antibodies against Candida albicans, mg/L (0.0) | 0.3 (0.4) | 0.3 (0.3) | 0.62 |
Fruits and berries, g/day (1.3) | 86.6 (76.1) | 94.5 (78.9) | 0.17 |
Vegetables, g/day (1.5) | 146.9 (118.2) | 142.2 (107.1) | 0.74 |
Potatoes, g/day (1.1) | 118.6 (78.4) | 124.7 (79.8) | 0.41 |
Dairy products, portions/day (12.8) | 2.0 (1.5) | 2.5 (1.4) | < 0.001 |
Water, 100 ml/day (1.1) | 3.8 (1.9) | 3.8 (1.8) | 0.78 |
Carbonated beverages, 100 ml/day (0.0) | 2.0 (2.3) | 1.5 (1.7) | 0.015 |
Coffee, 100 ml/day (0.4) | 4.1 (3.2) | 4.6 (3.6) | 0.18 |
Tea, 100 ml/day (0.2) | 1.6 (2.6) | 1.2 (1.9) | 0.22 |
Juice, 100 ml/day (3.7) | 1.0 (1.3) | 0.8 (0.9) | 0.30 |
Alcohol, units/day (2.7) | 0.24 (0.58) | 0.20 (0.29) | 0.60 |
Omega 3 fatty acids, g/day (4.5) | 0.7 (0.6) | 0.8 (0.7) | 0.047 |
Sugar4, g/day (15.0) | 30.6 (24.6) | 25.5 (16.5) | 0.13 |
IgGA
| IgGB
| IgG4C
| ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
HSCL101 (1–4) | 3.18 (1.82 to 5.55) | < 0.001 | 3.32 (1.88 to 5.86) | < 0.001 | 3.22 (1.84 to 5.62) | < 0.001 |
Muscle skeletal disease (0–12) | 1.14 (1.00 to 1.30) | 0.051 | 1.14 (0.99 to 1.31) | 0.063 | 1.14 (1.00 to 1.30) | 0.056 |
Allergic rhinitis (yes/no) | 1.73 (0.99 to 3.02) | 0.055 | 1.72 (0.98 to 3.03) | 0.060 | 1.74 (0.99 to 3.05) | 0.053 |
IgG against FP52, mg/L | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) | 0.83 | ||||
IgG against FP733, mg/L | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.04) | 0.97 | ||||
IgG against milk, mg/L | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.01) | 0.54 | ||||
IgG against egg, mg/L | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.01) | 0.62 | ||||
IgG against wheat, mg/L | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) | 0.32 | ||||
IgG against cod, mg/L | 1.08 (0.97 to 1.20) | 0.15 | ||||
IgG against pork, mg/L | 1.04 (0.91 to 1.20) | 0.57 | ||||
IgG against chicken, mg/L | 0.94 (0.87 to 1.02) | 0.15 | ||||
IgG against beef, mg/L | 0.94 (0.78 to 1.14) | 0.54 | ||||
IgG against brewers’ yeast, mg/L | 1.01 (0.97 to 1.04) | 0.65 | ||||
IgG against Candida albicans, mg/L | 1.004 (1.000 to 1.008) | 0.051 | ||||
IgG4 against milk, mg/L | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) | 0.99 | ||||
IgG4 against egg, mg/L | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.01) | 0.43 | ||||
IgG4 against wheat, mg/L | 0.96 (0.91 to 1.02) | 0.20 | ||||
IgG4 against Candida albicans, mg/L | 1.56 (0.72 to 3.41) | 0.26 | ||||
Dairy products (portions/day) | 0.81 (0.68 to 0.96) | 0.014 | 0.80 (0.68 to 0.95) | 0.012 | 0.81 (0.68 to 0.95) | 0.011 |
Sugar (g/day) | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.02) | 0.043 | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.02) | 0.049 | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.02) | 0.041 |
IgG food panelsA
| IgGB
| IgG4C
| ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) |
P
| OR (95% CI) |
P
| OR (95% CI) |
P
| |
HSCL101 (1–4) | 1.70 (1.03 to 2.79) | 0.038 | 1.78 (1.07 to 2.95) | 0.027 | 1.78 (1.08 to 2.94) | 0.024 |
IgG against FP52
| 0.99 (0.98 to 1.00) | 0.003 | ||||
IgG against FP733
| 1.05 (1.00 to 1.11) | 0.060 | ||||
IgG against milk, mg/L | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) | 0.41 | ||||
IgG against egg, mg/L | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.00) | 0.002 | ||||
IgG against wheat, mg/L | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.03) | 0.93 | ||||
IgG against cod, mg/L | 0.97 (0.85 to 1.11) | 0.70 | ||||
IgG against pork, mg/L | 1.07 (0.92 to 1.25) | 0.36 | ||||
IgG against chicken, mg/L | 1.14 (1.03 to 1.27) | 0.009 | ||||
IgG against beef, mg/L | 0.75 (0.60 to 0.94) | 0.012 | ||||
IgG against brewer’s yeast, mg/L | 1.03 (0.99 to 1.07) | 0.14 | ||||
IgG against Candida albicans, mg/L | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.01) | 0.072 | ||||
IgG4 against milk, mg/L | 0.99 (0.96 to 1.01) | 0.32 | ||||
IgG4 against egg, mg/L | 0.98 (0.96 to 1.00) | 0.014 | ||||
IgG4 against wheat, mg/L | 1.02 (0.92 to 1.12) | 0.73 | ||||
IgG4 against Candida albicans, mg/L | 2.44 (0.096 to 6.23) | 0.062 | ||||
Vegetables (100 g/day) | 1.33 (1.03 to 1.72) | 0.031 | ||||
Coffee (100 ml/day) | 1.07 (0.99 to 1.16) | 0.080 | 1.09 (1.01 to 1.19) | 0.031 | 1.07 (0.99 to 1.17) | 0.078 |
Alcohol (units/day) | 1.56 (1.03 to 2.37) | 0.038 | 1.51 (0.99 to 2.29) | 0.054 | 1.54 (1.02 to 2.34) | 0.042 |