Background
Gene SNP | Key SNP | Non-coded | Coded | Location | MAF* | P-value | Phenotype/Reference | MAF in UK families |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allele | Allele | (Control/case) | ||||||
GSDMB
| rs2305480 | C | T | Ser311Pro | 0.45 | 6E-23 | 0.43 | |
GSDMB
| rs11078927 | C | T | intron | 0.45/0.40 | 7.4E-07 | 0.43 | |
IL33
| rs1342326 | T | G | 5′ region | 0.16 | 9E-10 | Asthma [6] | 0.17 |
IL33
| rs3939286 | G | A | 5′ region | 0.25/0.28 | 5.3E-06 | Asthma [3] | 0.27 |
IL18R1
| rs3771166 | C | T | intron | 0.38 | 3E-09 | Asthma [6] | 0.38 |
IL1RL1
| rs1420101 | G | A | intron | 0.37/0.40 | 5.5E-12 | Asthma [3] | 0.38 |
SMAD3
| rs744910 | A | G | intron | 0.49 | 4E-09 | Asthma [6] | 0.48 |
IL2RB
| rs2284033 | A | G | intron | 0.44 | 1.1E-08 | Asthma [6] | 0.43 |
PDE4D
| rs1588265 | A | G | intron | 0.34/0.23 | 4.3E-07 | Asthma [4] | 0.29 |
CRB1
| rs2786098 | C | A | intron | 0.15 | 9.3E-11 | Asthma [7] | 0.22 |
RAD50
| rs2244012 | T | C | intron | 0.21 | 3.05E-07 | Asthma [5] | 0.18 |
Methods
Asthma cohort characteristics
Pedigrees | Sibling 1 | Sibling 2 | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (mean years), ±SD | 26.2 ± 1.6 | 13.3 ± 4.4 | 10.3 ± 4.6 |
Gender (% female) | 50.8 | 54.6 | 53.7 |
Asthma (%, doctor diagnosed) | 61.6 | 100 | 100 |
FEV1 (% predicted, ±SD) | ND | 95.4 ± 15.6 | 96.2 ± 14.9 |
Positive skin prick test (%) | 62.5 | 73.9 | 65.1 |
Log total serum IgE (mean ± SD) | 2.04 ± 0.7 | 2.33 ± 0.7 | 2.33 ± 0.7 |
Eczema (%, questionnaire) | 41.1 | 53.5 | 55.1 |
Hay fever (%, questionnaire) | 50.2 | 64.9 | 47.4 |
BTS (%) step 1 | 19.1 | 24.9 | 23.8 |
• Step 2 | 32.5 | 52.7 | 55.7 |
• Step 3 | 6.1 | 11.6 | 10.2 |
• Step 4 | 1.8 | 4.6 | 1.4 |
• Step 5 | 2.9 | 4.6 | 5.3 |
PC20 (4 mg/ml,%) | 46.9 | 59.9 | |
n | 1578 | 370 | 361 |
SNP selection and genotyping
Association analyses
Bioinformatic analysis of genotyped SNPs
Results
Clinical characteristics and genotyping
Association with asthma, FEV1and BHR
SNP | Gene |
Asthma
| Z | P |
FEV
1
| Z | P |
BHR
| Z | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fam | Score | value | Fam | Score | value | Fam | Score | value | ||
rs2305480 C/T |
GSDMB
| 265 | -3.323 |
8.9×10
-4
| 274 | -3.247 | 1.1×10-3
| 240 | -3.345 |
8.2×10
-4
|
rs11078927 C/T |
GSDMB
| 272 | -3.305 | 9.5×10-4
| 278 | -3.330 |
8.7×10
-4
| 244 | -3.238 | 1.2×10-3
|
rs1342326 T/G |
IL33
| 176 | +1.114 | 0.265 | 180 | +1.266 | 0.205 | 156 | +1.412 | 0.158 |
rs3939286 G/A |
IL33
| 198 | +0.412 | 0.680 | 204 | +0.544 | 0.586 | 176 | +0.693 | 0.489 |
rs3771166 C/T |
IL18R1
| 263 | -1.475 | 0.140 | 270 | -1.637 | 0.102 | 228 | -1.416 | 0.157 |
rs1420101 G/A |
IL1RL1
| 261 | +0.899 | 0.369 | 264 | +0.658 | 0.511 | 223 | +0.737 | 0.461 |
rs744910 A/G |
SMAD3
| 264 | +0.116 | 0.907 | 271 | +0.823 | 0.411 | 234 | -0.166 | 0.868 |
rs2284033 A/G |
IL2RB
| 262 | +0.825 | 0.409 | 267 | +0.416 | 0.677 | 233 | +0.778 | 0.436 |
rs1588265 A/G |
PDE4D
| 233 | -0.380 | 0.703 | 239 | -0.056 | 0.956 | 205 | -0.506 | 0.613 |
rs2786098 C/A |
CRB1
| 202 | -1.702 | 0.089 | 204 | -1.324 | 0.185 | 178 | -2.377 | 0.017 |
rs2244012 A/G |
RAD50
| 187 | +0.953 | 0.340 | 189 | +0.659 | 0.510 | 164 | +1.075 | 0.282 |
Association with asthma severity and atopy
SNP | Gene |
Severity
| Z | P |
SPT
| Z | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fam | Score | value | Fam | Score | value | ||
rs2305480 C/T |
GSDMB
| 272 | -3.791 |
1.5×10
-4
| 220 | -3.164 | 1.6×10-3
|
rs11078927 C/T |
GSDMB
| 277 | -3.701 |
2.2 ×10
-4
| 227 | -3.133 | 1.7×10-3
|
rs1342326 T/G |
IL33
| 180 | +1.378 | 0.168 | 144 | +2.585 | 9.7×10-3
|
rs3939286 G/A |
IL33
| 204 | +0.347 | 0.729 | 164 | +2.146 | 0.032 |
rs3771166 C/T |
IL18R1
| 269 | -2.021 | 0.043 | 219 | -1.683 | 0.092 |
rs1420101 G/A |
IL1RL1
| 263 | +1.577 | 0.115 | 218 | +0.449 | 0.653 |
rs744910 A/G |
SMAD3
| 268 | +0.386 | 0.699 | 215 | +0.157 | 0.875 |
rs2284033 A/G |
IL2RB
| 268 | +1.233 | 0.218 | 216 | +1.265 | 0.206 |
rs1588265 A/G |
PDE4D
| 235 | -0.712 | 0.477 | 195 | -0.360 | 0.719 |
rs2786098 C/A |
CRB1
| 202 | -1.021 | 0.307 | 158 | -1.886 | 0.059 |
rs2244012 A/G |
RAD50
| 188 | +0.941 | 0.347 | 159 | +1.242 | 0.214 |
Bioinformatic analysis of SNPs using data from ENCODE
SNP | Gene locus/location | Number of SNPs in LD (r2 = 1) (no.) | GERP Conservation | Enhancer histone marks (no. of SNPs in regions) | DNase (no. of SNPs in regions) | Proteins bound (no. of SNPs in regions) | Motifs changed (no. of SNPs with motif changed regions) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(no. of SNPs conserved) | |||||||
rs2305480 C/T |
GSDMB/Ser311Pro | 26 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 14 |
rs11078927 C/T |
GSDMB/intronic | 26 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 14 |
rs1342326 T/G |
IL33/5′-region | 7 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
rs3939286 G/A |
IL33/5′-region | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
rs3771166 C/T |
IL18R1/intronic | 16 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 9 |
rs1420101 G/A |
IL1RL1/intronic | 6 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
rs744910 A/G |
SMAD3/intronic | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
rs2284033 A/G |
IL2RB/intronic | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
rs1588265 A/G |
PDE4D/intronic | 14 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
rs2786098 C/A |
CRB1/intronic | 11 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 7 |
rs2244012 A/G |
RAD50/intronic | 51 | 2 | 6 | 9 | 5 | 25 |
Analyses of asthma associated GSDMBSNPs using ENCODE data
SNP | Gene locus/location | Chromosomal location (hg19) | GERP conservation (Y/N) | Enhancer histone marks | DNase | Proteins bound | Motifs changed |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
rs12709365 A/G |
ZPBP2/intronic | 17:38027400 | N | GM12878 | N | N | N |
rs13380815 A/G |
ZPBP2/intronic | 17:38027583 | N | GM12878 | N | N | N |
rs11870965 T/A |
ZPBP2/intronic | 17:38030205 | N | N | N | N | Myb |
rs10852935 C/T |
ZPBP2/synonymous | 17:38031674 | Y | N | N | N | N |
rs10852936 C/T |
ZPBP2/intronic | 17:38031714 | N | N | N | N | Foxp1, Foxq1 |
rs36095411 T/G |
ZPBP2/intronic | 17:38031865 | N | N | N | N | 9 motifs altered |
rs34189114 C/T |
ZPBP2/intronic | 17:38032460 | N | N | N | N | N |
rs35736272 T/C |
ZPBP2/intronic | 17:38032680 | Y | N | N | N | N |
rs9907088 G/A |
ZPBP2/downstream | 17:38035116 | N | N | N | N | Sox |
rs36038753 G/T |
ZPBP2/downstream | 17:38035370 | N | N | N | N | Dobox4 |
rs35569035 C/T |
ZPBP2/downstream | 17:38036524 | N | N | N | N | Pax4 |
rs9904624 A/G |
ZPBP2/downstream | 17:38036586 | N | N | N | N | N |
rs12232497 T/C | Intergenic | 17:38040119 | N | N | N | N | N |
rs12232498 T/C | Intergenic | 17:38040363 | N | N | N | N | Lhx3 |
rs12941333 C/T | Intergenic | 17:38040534 | N | N | N | N | Pou3f3, Pou2f1 |
rs2872507 G/A | Intergenic | 17:38040763 | N | N | N | N | N |
rs12936409 C/T | Intergenic | 17:38043649 | N | N | N | N | N |
rs8069176 G/A |
GSDMB/downstream | 17:38057197 | N | N | N | N | Gfi1, Mafk, Pax4 |
rs4795399 T/C |
GSDMB/intronic | 17:38061439 | N | HepG2 | Huh7.5,CMK | N | Pxx6, Pax |
rs2305480 G/A
|
GSDMB
/Ser311Pro
|
17:38062196
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
rs62067034 C/T |
GSDMB/intronic | 17:38063738 | N | N | N | N | SREBP, LXR |
rs11078927 C/T
|
GSDMB
/intronic
|
17:38064405
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
rs11078928 T/C |
GSDMB/intronic | 17:38064469 | N | N | N | N | Foxp1 |
rs4795400 C/T |
GSDMB/intronic | 17:38067020 | N | N | N | N | N |
rs77749396 G/C |
GSDMB/intronic | 17:38073840 | N | N | N | N | ZNF219 |
rs9303279 G/C |
GSDMB/intronic | 17:38073968 | N | N | N | N | Obox3 |