Background
Methods
Study area
Sample size determination
Study design and sampling strategy
Case definition
Assessment of occurrence
Assessment of degree of knowledge on mycobacterial infections among the pastoral community
Possible source of bias and the way handled
Data analysis
Exposure variable | Levels |
---|---|
District | Nakasongola and Mubende |
Subcounty | Kiyuni, Madudu, Nabiswera and Lwampanga |
Sex | Male, Female |
Tribe | Baganda, Banyoro, Bakiga, Baruli, Banyankole and Basoga |
Marital status | Married, Single, Divorced |
Family sizes | <10, 10-20 and 20-30 persons |
Occupation | Pastoralist, Peasant, Hunter, Business man, Herdsman |
Role in cattle or any animal management | None, Herding, Milking, Watering |
Source of drinking water | Stream, Borehole, Valley dam, Pond, Spring |
Source of water for domestic use | Stream, Borehole, Valley dam, Pond, Spring |
Receptacle for storing water for daily use | Clay, Gourd, Plastic, Pond, Spring |
Sharing water sources with other animals | Yes/No |
Occurrence of wildlife at the water source. | Yes/No |
The type of Wildlife-water source. | No recall, Monkey, Rabbits |
Use of separate receptacle in drinking and domestic water storage. | Yes/No |
Presence of the sediment in the domestic water receptacle | Absent, Always, Sometimes. |
Frequency of cleaning the container | Daily, twice a week, once week |
Water related human diseases | Diarrhoea, Cough, Worms, Malaria |
Average number of rooms present in household | 1-2, 3-5 and > 6 rooms |
Average number of windows | 0, 1-2, 3-5 and >6 windows |
Number of people sleeping together in a single room | 1-3, 3-5 and 6-9 people |
The period drinking water lasts in the container | A few hours, 1-3 days |
Keeping animals in the human shelter at night | Yes/No |
Diagnosis of TB adenitis and other mycobacterioses | Not diagnosed, Diagnosed |
Diagnosis and treatment done following TB illness | Yes/No |
Heard/seen signs of adenitis | Yes/No |
Site of adenitis noticed in the patient within the family or community | No recall, Cervical, Inguinal |
Ethical approval
Results
Risk factor | Level | Odds Ratio 95% [CI] | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Tribe | Banyankole vs. Baganda | 7.9 [1.5-42.4] | 0.016 |
The type of wildlifea seen at the water source. | Forest ecosystem vs. Savannah. | 0.3 [0.1-0.7] | 0.008 |
The number of rooms present in household | 3-5 vs. 1-2 rooms per house. | 3.3 [1.2-9.1] | 0.021 |
Risk factor | Level | Odds Ratio [95% CI] | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Tribe | Basoga vs. Baganda | 6.4[1.56-26.4 ] | 0.01 |
The source of water for use in households | Springy vs. Streamz
| 4.5[ 1.7-11.9] | 0.002 |
Presence of sediment in the water container. | Yes vs. No. | 0.43[0.24-0.79] | 0.006 |
Separation of water containers for drinking and domestic uses. | Yes vs. No. | 2.46[1.3-4.4 ] | 0.004 |
Sharing of water sources with wild animals. | Yes vs. No. | 0.47[0.25-0.9 ] | 0.024 |
Duration of involvement in rearing cattle and other cattle related activities. | > 5 yrs vs. <5 yrs | 0.27[0.089-0.8 ] | 0.021 |
Distance of Kraal/animal shelter from the household | >20 meters vs. < 20 m | 3.8[1.14-12.5 ] | 0.029 |