Background
Methods
Design
Hypotheses
Selection of participants
Questionnaires, outcome indicators
Analyses
Results
Inclusion of non-poor persons and the profile of households from which indigents come
Indigent group | ICP | COGES | Non-retained | Quibb | Contrasts&(pValue) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Household characteristics | (1) (n = 129) | (2) (n = 197) | (3) (n = 48) | (4) (n = 5900) | (1) vs. (2) | (1,2,3) vs. 4 | (2) vs. (3) |
Mean number of household members | 7.5 (6.8-8.2) | 5.5 (4.8-6.2) | 4.7 (3.9-5.5) | 6.7 (6.6-6.8) | < 0.001 | 0,007 | 0,028 |
Female head of household | 15.5% | 27.4% | 12.5% | 6.3% | 0.012 | < 0.001 | 0.031 |
Health centre more than an hour away on foot | 26.4% (18.7-34.1) | 50.3% (43.2-57.3) | 52.1% (37.4-66.7) | 44.3% (43.0-45.6) | < 0.001 | 0.440 | 0.821 |
Possession of small ruminant animals | 71.5% (63.7-79.4) | 38.2% (31.4-45.0) | 60.4% (46.1-74.8) | 74.7% (73.6-75.8) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.006 |
Possession of large livestock | 41.5% (33.0-50.1) | 20.1% (14.5-25.7) | 29.2% (15.8-42.5) | 62.0% (60.8-63.3) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.186 |
Possession of a cart or plow | 40.0% (31.5-48.5) | 14.1% (9.2-18.9) | 29.2% (15.8-42.5) | 59.1% (57.8-60.3) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.014 |
Possession of a radio | 43.8% (35.2-52.5) | 14.1% (9.2-18.9) | 20.8% (8.9-32.8) | 37.9% (36.7-39.2) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.258 |
Mean annual consumption by head ‡ | 89,521 | 93,238 | 118,475 | 148,076 | 0.737 | < 0.001 | 0.082 |
(71,707-107,335) | (79,989-106,487) | (98,647-138,302) | (142,267-153,885) | ||||
Median annual consumption by head ‡ | 59,423 | 59,043 | 96,951 | 98,969 | |||
Proportion of food expenses | 71.1% | 61.8% | 68.4% | 57.0% | 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.138 |
(68.3-73.9) | (57.6-65.9) | (62.8-74.0) | (56.6-57.4) | ||||
Incidence of poverty | 66.7% | 66.0% | 47.9% | 44.2% | 0.899 | < 0.001 | 0.020 |
(58.4-74.9) | (59.3-72.7) | (33.3-62.6) | (43.0-45.5) | ||||
Incidence of extreme poverty | 35.7% | 33.5% | 6.3% | 9.2% | 0.688 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
(27.3-44.0) | (26.9-40.2) | (0.0-13.4) | (8.5-10.0) | ||||
Poverty deficit (CFA francs) ‡ | 43,039 | 47,386 | 28,372 | 29,017 | 0.165 | < 0.001 | 0.001 |
(39,127-46 952) | (43,071-51,700) | (20,551-36,193) | (28,338-29,696) |
COGES indigents vs. ICP indigents
Group | ICP | COGES | Non-retained | Contrasts (pValue) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Personal characteristics | (1) (n = 82) | (2) (n = 184) | (3) (n = 48) | (1) vs. (2) | (2) vs. (3) | (1,2) vs. (3) |
Average age | 52.8 (48.8-56.7) | 64.2 (61.8-66.5) | 64.4 (59.6-69.3) | < 0.001 | 0.932 | 0.170 |
Proportion 60 years old + | 35.4% (24.8-45.9) | 69.0% (62.3-75.8) | 70.8% (57.5-84.2) | < 0.001 | 0.809 | 0.113 |
Proportion of widowers - widows | 34.6% (24.0-45.1) | 46.7% (39.5-54.0) | 39.6% (25.2-53.9) | 0.066 | 0.377 | 0.659 |
Proportion of females | 47.6% (36.5-58.6) | 46.7% (39.5-54.0) | 47.9% (33.3-62.6) | 0.902 | 0.885 | 0.906 |
Not educated | 93.8% (88.3-99.2) | 96.2% (93.4-99.0) | 95.8% (90.0-100) | 0.395 | 0.908 | 0.912 |
Suffering from a disability | 42.5% (31.4-53.6) | 61.4% (54.3-68.5) | 62.5% (48.3-76.7) | 0.004 | 0.891 | 0.382 |
Health problem of more than 6 months | 55.0% (43.9-66.1) | 76.6% (70.5-82.8) | 72.9% (59.9-86.0) | < 0.001 | 0.594 | 0.692 |
No income generating activity in the past 7 days | 73.8 (63.9-83.6) | 81.5 (75.9-87.2) | 97.9 (93.7-100) | 0.154 | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Difficulty in meeting daily food needs | 32.5% (22.0-43.0) | 35.9% (28.9-42.9) | 41.7% (27.2-56.1) | 0.599 | 0.461 | 0.367 |
Had to ask someone else for food in the past 30 days | 26.3% (16.4-36.1) | 36.4% (29.4-43.4) | 20.8% (8.9-32.8) | 0.108 | 0.041 | 0.087 |
Had to ask for help to pay for healthcare in the past 6 months | 30.0% (19.7-40.3) | 37.0% (29.9-44.0) | 20.8% (8.9-32.8) | 0.277 | 0.035 | 0.057 |
Unable to pay for drugs for a child | 28.8 (18.6-38.9) | 28.3 (21.7-34.8) | 16.7 (5.7-27.6) | 0.936 | 0.103 | 0.091 |
Sold animals or land to pay for drugs in the past 6 months | 8.8 (2.4-15.1) | 9.2 (5.0-13.5) | 6.3 (0.0-13.4) | 0.899 | 0.513 | 0.521 |
Delayed going to the dispensary because of lack of funds in the past 6 months | 28.8 (18.6-38.9) | 47.8 (40.5-55.1) | 39.6 (25.2-53.9) | 0.004 | 0.310 | 0.751 |
COGES indigents vs. non-retained indigents
Exclusion of the poor
Coverage | Effectiveness of targeting | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Targeting coefficient | |||||
Eligible | Non-eligible | Ratio | Difference | ||
Eligibility criteria | (1) | (2) | Total | (1)/(2) | (1)-(2) |
Poverty line
| |||||
Number of individuals | 42,367 | 53,486 | 95,853 | ||
Number of beneficiaries | 153 | 92 | 245 | ||
Coverage (A)
|
0.36%
|
0.17%
|
-
|
2.1
|
0.19%
|
Extreme poverty line
| |||||
Number of individuals | 8,818 | 87,035 | 95,853 | ||
Number of beneficiaries | 69 | 176 | 245 | ||
Coverage (B)
|
0.78%
|
0.20%
|
3.9
|
0.58%
| |
Coverage ratio (B)/(A)
|
2.17
|
1.18
|
-
|
1.84
|
3.07
|