Background
Methods
Environmental sampling
Microbiological examination
Risk analysis
Clinical Surveillance
Results
Environmental Surveillance
Facilities |
N. Enrolled facilities
|
N. samples
|
N. facilities positive for Legionella spp. (%)
|
N. samples positive for Legionella spp. (%)
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Health care
| Public Hospitals | 73 | 6361 | 68 (93.2) | 2250 (35.4) |
Private Hospitals | 56 | 787 | 34 (60.7) | 176 (22.4) | |
Sub-total
|
129
|
7148
|
102 (79.1)
|
2426 (33.9)
| |
Community
| Apartments | 63 | 189 | 34 (54) | 81 (42.9) |
Hotels | 305 | 5009 | 204 (66.9) | 1826 (36.5) | |
Offices | 19 | 270 | 10 (52.6) | 78 (28.9) | |
Churches | 4 | 53 | 1 (25) | 3 (5.7) | |
Gyms | 116 | 472 | 30 (25.9) | 46 (9.7) | |
Swimming Pools | 3 | 17 | 1 (33.3) | 1 (5.9) | |
Schools | 23 | 128 | 3 (13) | 3 (2.3) | |
Sub-total
|
533
|
6138
|
283 (53.1)
|
2038 (33.2)
| |
TOTAL
|
662
|
13.286
|
385 (58.2)
|
4464 (33.6)
|
Facilities | N. positive taps/N. sampled taps (%) | N. positive showers/N. sampled showers (%) | N. positive incoming cold water points/N. sampled incoming cold water points (%) | N. positive hot water systemic points/N. positive hot water systemic points (%) | N. positive cold water cisterns/N. sampled cold water cisterns (%) | N. positive cooling towers/N. sampled cooling towers (%.) | N. positive pool basins/N. sampled pool basins (%) | N. positive fountain basins/N. sampled fountain basins (%) | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Health care
| Public Hospitals | 1106/3074 (36) | 972/2774 (35) | 19/73 (26) | 136/341 (39.9) | 3/10 (30) | 14/88 (15.9) | 0 | 0/1 (0) | 2250/6361 (35.4) |
Private Hospitals | 61/258 (23.6) | 52/207 (25.1) | 11/60 (18.3) | 42/191(22) | 4/16 (25) | 6/55 (10.9) | 0 | 0 | 176/787 (22.4) | |
Sub-total
|
1167/3332 (35)
|
1024/2981 (34.4)
|
30/133 (22.6)
|
178/532 (33.5)
|
7/26 (26.9)
|
20/143 (14)
|
0
|
0/1 (0)
|
2426/7148 (33.9)
| |
Community
| Apartments | 22/63 (34.9) | 34/62 (54.8) | 16/41 (39) | 0 | 9/23 (39.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 81/189 (42.9) |
Hotels | 587/1709 (34.3) | 688/1649 (41.7) | 92/306 (30.1) | 358/928 (38.6) | 49/127 (38.6) | 51/285 (17.9) | 0 | 1/5 (20) | 1826/5009 (36.5) | |
Offices | 29/124 (23.4) | 16/44 (36.4) | 4/19 (21.1) | 20/59 (33.9) | 6/12 (50) | 2/11 (18.2) | 0 | 1/1 (100) | 78/270 (28.9) | |
Churches | 3/31 (9.7) | 0/2 (0) | 0/4 (0) | 0/14 (0) | 0/2 (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3/53 (5.7) | |
Gyms | 7/126 (5.6) | 18/129 (14) | 4/106 (3.8) | 11/68 (16.2) | 6/22 (27.3) | 0/21 (0) | 0 | 0 | 46/472 (9.7) | |
Swimming pools | 0/3 (0) | 1/5 (20) | 0/3 (0) | 0/3 (0) | 0 | 0 | 0/3 (0) | 0 | 1/17 (5.9) | |
Schools | 0/46 (0) | 3/23 (13) | 0/23 (0) | 0/24 (0) | 0/12 (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3/128 (2.3) | |
Sub-total
|
648/2102 (30.8)
|
760/1914 (39.7)
|
116/502 (23.1)
|
389/1096 (35.5)
|
70/198 (35.4)
|
53/317 (16.7)
|
0/3 (0)
|
2/6 (33.3)
|
2038/6138 (33.2)
| |
TOTAL
|
1815/5434 (33.4)
|
1784/4895 (36.4)
|
146/635 (23)
|
567/1628 (34.8)
|
77/224 (34.4)
|
73/460 (15.9)
|
0/3 (0)
|
2/7 (28.6)
|
4464/13286 (33.6)
|
Facilities | 100-1000 cfu/L | > 1000 - 10000 cfu/L | > 10000 cfu/L | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Health - care
| Public Hospitals | 733/2250 (32.6) | 1217/2250 (54.1) | 300/2250 (13.3) |
Private Hospitals | 70/176 (39.8) | 79/176 (44.9) | 27/176 (15.3) | |
Sub-total
|
803/2426 (33.1)
|
1296/2426 (53.4)
|
327/2426 (13.5)
| |
Community
| Apartments | 43/81 (53.1) | 27/81 (23.3) | 11/81 (13.6) |
Hotels | 559/1826 (30.6) | 815/1826 (44.6) | 452/1826 (24.8) | |
Offices | 46/78 (59.0) | 27/78 (34.6) | 5/78 (6.4) | |
Churches | 1/3 (33.3) | 1/3 (33.3) | 1/3 (33.3) | |
Gyms | 31/46 (67.4) | 12/46 (26.1) | 3/46 (6.5) | |
Swimming pools | 1/1 (100) | 0/0 (0) | 0/0 (0) | |
Schools | 2/3 (66.7) | 1/3 (33.3) | 0/0 (0) | |
Sub-total
|
683/2038 (33.5)
|
883/2038 (43.3)
|
472/2038 (23.2)
| |
Total
|
1486/4464 (33.3)
|
2179/4464 (48.8)
|
799/4464 (17.9)
|
Facilities | N. samples positive for L. pn.1
/N. samples positive for L. spp (%) | N. samples positive forL. pn.2-14
/N. samples positive for L. spp (%) | N. samples positive forL. species*
/N. samples positive for L. spp (%) | N. samples positive formixed colture /N. samples positive for L. spp (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Health - care
| Public Hospitals | 705/2250 (31.3) | 1264/2250 (56.2) | 86/2250 (3.8) | 195/2250 (8.7) |
Private Hospitals | 54/176 (30.7) | 66/176 (37.5) | 37/176 (21.0) | 19/176 (10.8) | |
Sub-total
|
759/2426 (31.3)
|
1330/2426 (54.8)
|
123/2426 (5.1)
|
214/2426 (8.8)
| |
Community
| Apartments | 36/81 (44.4) | 7/81 (8.6) | 20/81 (24.7) | 18/81 (22.2) |
Hotels | 588/1826 (32.2) | 758/1826 (41.5) | 79/1826 (4.3) | 401/1826 (22.0) | |
Offices | 27/78 (34.6) | 47/78 (60.3) | 0/78 (0) | 4/78 (5.1) | |
Churches | 1/3 (33.3) | 1/3 (33.3) | 1/3 (33.3) | 0/3 (0) | |
Gyms | 20/46 (43.5) | 16/46 (34.8) | 10/46 (21.7) | 0/46 (0) | |
Swimming pools | 1/1 (100) | 0/1 (0) | 0/1 (0) | 0/1(0) | |
Schools | 0/3 (0) | 2/3 (66.7) | 1/3 (33.3) | 0/3 (0) | |
Sub-total
|
673/2038 (33.0)
|
831/2038 (40.8)
|
111/2038 (5.4)
|
423/2038 (20.8)
| |
Total
|
1432/4464 (32.1)
|
2161/4464 (48.4)
|
234/4464 (5.2)
|
637/4464 (14.3)
|
Risk analysis
G grade result | M or B grade result | RR of positive result by grade result (95% CI) | P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive facilities (Total) | Rate | Positive facilities (Total) | Rate | ||
72 (191) | 37.7 | 97 (159) | 61 | 1.62 (1.30-2.02) | < 0.001 |
Clinical Surveillance
Symptoms | N. of patients showing the symptoms/N. of total patients (%) |
---|---|
Fever | 91/97 (93.8%) |
Couth | 68/97 (70.1%) |
Dyspnea | 57/97 (58.8%) |
Shivering | 55/97 (56.7%) |
Expectorating | 41/97 (42.3%) |
Headache | 32/97 (33%) |
Chest pain | 31/97 (32%) |
Nausea/vomiting | 20/97 (20.6%) |
Diarrhea | 13/97 (13.4%) |
Hemoptysis | 11/97 (11.3%) |
stomachache | 11/97 (11.3%) |
Other | 29/97 (29.9%) |