Background
Methods
-
10 High Focus - Non North Eastern (NE) states;
-
7 High Focus – NE states;
-
11 Non High Focus – Large states; and
-
6 Non High Focus – Small States & Union Territories (UT).
-
Caste (scheduled caste, scheduled tribe, other backward caste, others);
-
Maternal education (no education, 1–5 years, 6–11 years, and 12 years or more);
-
Quintiles of household wealth index (poorest, second, middle, fourth, richest);
-
Location of residence (rural, urban);
-
Pregnant women’s interaction with health worker [registered the pregnancy and got advice (at least once) on institutional delivery] (yes, no); and
-
Got full ANC (yes, no).
Statistical analysis
Results
Flow chart
State level variations in OOPE, borrowings and JSY use for normal deliveries at public and private institutions and at home
STATE | % of all deliveries | Mean OOPE in INR (SD) | Median OOPE in INR (IQR) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Public | Private | Home | All normal | Public | Private | Home | All normal | ||
High Focus - Non NE
| |||||||||
Jammu & Kashmir | 82.4 | 3,028 (2443) | 5,090 (4468) | 760 (1112) | 1,920 (2441) | 2,500 (1300–4000) | 3,950 (2226–6164) | 400 (0–1000) | 1,000 (300–2800) |
Himachal Pradesh | 84.1 | 3,093 (2785) | 6,768 (6471) | 630 (920) | 1,752 (2823) | 2,400 (1200–4000) | 5,316 (3916–8347) | 500 (0–800) | 600 (200–200) |
Uttarakhand | 93.0 | 2,156 (2060) | 5,472 (3702) | 505 (630) | 1,234 (2038) | 1,500 (1000–3000) | 5,071 (3000–7000) | 500 (100–600) | 500 (200–1053) |
Rajasthan | 95.2 | 1,557 (1413) | 3,522 (2981) | 504 (1945) | 1,209 (2038) | 1,200 (750–1900) | 2,800 (1742–4522) | 300 (100–500) | 700 (250–1500) |
Uttar Pradesh | 94.1 | 1,172 (1707) | 3,623 (5370) | 320 (633) | 811 (2261) | 750 (500–1250) | 2,200 (1200–4100) | 184 (18–400) | 251 (51–700) |
Bihar | 93.9 | 904 (1188) | 2,961 (3020) | 615 (1103) | 888 (1545) | 600 (400–1033) | 2,062 (1200–3500) | 400 (200–600) | 500 (200–1000) |
Jharkhand | 94.4 | 1,382 (2036) | 3,742 (3157) | 440 (605) | 754 (1462) | 800 (463–1620) | 3,005 (1900–5000) | 300 (200–500) | 300 (200–600) |
Orissa | 82.8 | 2,260 (2408) | 4,261 (3375) | 316 (801) | 1,229 (2069) | 1,700 (1050–2531) | 3,300 (1587–5936) | 0 (0–400) | 500 (0–1650) |
Chhattisgarh | 94.6 | 1,135 (1783) | 4,251 (3652) | 179 (323) | 480 (1351) | 670 (320–1100) | 3,500 (1929–5712) | 0 (0–300) | 60 (0–500) |
Madhya Pradesh | 94.6 | 1,331 (1954) | 4,965 (5777) | 574 (962) | 1,217 (2284) | 800 (500–1500) | 3,254 (2000–5500) | 300 (20–700) | 600 (200–1300) |
High Focus - NE
| |||||||||
Sikkim | 83.7 | 1,043 (710) | 7,700* (2105) | 148 (298) | 573 (874) | 977 (500–1500) | 7,700* (6200–9200) | 0 (0–100) | 300 (0–900) |
Arunachal Pradesh | 94.7 | 3,230 (4697) | 9,208 (11317) | 518 (1319) | 1,844 (3942) | 2,000 (880–4014) | 7,152 (2200–10197) | 0 (0–500) | 500 (90–2070) |
Manipur | 90.8 | 3,984 (3731) | 7,617 (4471) | 419 (712) | 1,870 (3209) | 3,300 (2200–5029) | 7,500 (4397–10000) | 200 (0–500) | 500 (100–2500) |
Mizoram | 94.6 | 1,616 (2276) | 6,435 (4180) | 350 (492) | 1,289 (2242) | 1,050 (650–1700) | 5,300 (3330–9521) | 200 (0–500) | 700 (200–1500) |
Tripura | 91.3 | 1,688 (2074) | 3,824 (3435) | 112 (251) | 700 (1530) | 1,000 (600–2000) | 3,056 (822–7841) | 0 (0–150) | 150 (0–800) |
Meghalaya | 89.7 | 1,600 (2373) | 5,024 (5778) | 225 (596) | 664 (1947) | 900 (400–2000) | 2,832 (1469–5967) | 0 (0–300) | 150 (0–500) |
Assam | 91.3 | 1,818 (3362) | 6,280 (5593) | 194 (477) | 918 (2517) | 1,200 (700–2100) | 5,000 (2400–8211) | 0 (0–250) | 220 (0–1000) |
Non High Focus - Large
| |||||||||
Punjab | 83.9 | 2,272 (1886) | 3,517 (2237) | 974 (876) | 2,172 (2044) | 2,000 (1030–3000) | 3,050 (2100–4400) | 800 (500–1100) | 1,650 (800–3000) |
Haryana | 86.3 | 2,228 (3576) | 5,902 (5996) | 844 (1508) | 2,415 (4186) | 1,000 (400–2800) | 4,839 (3000–7000) | 500 (200–1000) | 900 (250–3015) |
Delhi | 81.1 | 1,547 (2898) | 10,372 (9916) | 945 (1570) | 3,491 (6618) | 600 (150–1632) | 8,000 (5000–12184) | 600 (300–1100) | 1,000 (400–3623) |
Gujarat | 90.7 | 1,344 (1969) | 3,267 (3956) | 298 (529) | 1,511 (2796) | 800 (250–1852) | 2,200 (1446–3877) | 150 (0–380) | 560 (101–2000) |
Maharashtra | 89.2 | 1,356 (1878) | 4,345 (5569) | 641 (1090) | 2,043 (3743) | 700 (332–1700) | 3,052 (2000–5050) | 300 (0–1000) | 1,000 (300–2500) |
Andhra Pradesh | 71.4 | 1,937 (2280) | 5,071 (5502) | 1,070 (2014) | 2,589 (3917) | 1,100 (600–2150) | 3,472 (2100–5482) | 500 (100–1500) | 1,500 (500–3100) |
Karnataka | 83.9 | 1,604 (1791) | 4,667 (4941) | 756 (1174) | 2,190 (3383) | 1,100 (600–2050) | 3,300 (2050–5488) | 500 (50–1000) | 1,100 (500–3000) |
Goa | 71.3 | 2,630 (3193) | 7,685 (4848) | 319 (453) | 4,859 (4797) | 2,000 (300–3600) | 6,719 (4365–10000) | 67 (0–780) | 4,037 (1182–7026) |
Kerala | 65.9 | 3,040 (2676) | 6,624 (5282) | 1,394 (2106) | 5,332 (4843) | 2,100 (1100–4210) | 5,160 (4000–8000) | 150 (75–3478) | 4,800 (2500–6377) |
Tamil Nadu | 73.7 | 792 (1142) | 4,926 (4808) | 102 (365) | 2,062 (3442) | 418 (50–1030) | 3,910 (2549–5831) | 0 (0–0) | 850 (100–3000) |
West Bengal | 85.6 | 1,769 (2163) | 5,082 (4970) | 568 (863) | 1,197 (2050) | 1,096 (568–2100) | 4,042 (2010–6172) | 300 (100–600) | 500 (200–1300) |
Non High Focus - Small states & UTs
| |||||||||
Chandigarh | 87.4 | 3,288 (3613) | 6,748 (5767) | 943 (500) | 3,293 (4226) | 2,550 (2000–3175) | 5,000 (4000–8200) | 900 (500–1200) | 2,000 (750–4080) |
Daman & Diu | 83.3 | 381 (780) | 4,543 (2804) | 490 (666) | 1,908 (2620) | 100 (1–287) | 4,100 (2500–5316) | 207 (100–500) | 500 (100–3000) |
Dadra & Nagarhaveli | 95.3 | 1,351 (1662) | 6,063 (2960) | 616 (1013) | 1,536 (2440) | 545 (50–2127) | 7,028 (4191–7447) | 200 (100–700) | 300 (100–2000) |
Lakshadweep | 76.7 | 494 (1645) | 21,750 (14947) | 233 (331) | 1,570 (5855) | 50 (20–60) | 17,000 (10375–37875) | 0 (0–500) | 50 (0–500) |
Pondicherry | 66.4 | 1,276 (1707) | 6,500 (3478) | 75* (103) | 2,565 (3207) | 563 (150–1700) | 5,255 (4100–8670) | 75* (0–75) | 1091 (311–3858) |
Andaman & Nicobar Islands | 86.9 | 1,143 (3028) | 6,463 (5617) | 909 (1965) | 1,191 (2929) | 100 (0–1000) | 9,500 (0–9992) | 0 (0–899) | 99 (0–1000) |
India - Total
|
89.7
|
1,624 (2273)
|
4,458 (5070)
|
466 (972)
|
1,338 (2705)
|
1,000 (500–2000)
|
3,100 (2000–5200)
|
200 (0–500)
|
500 (150–1500)
|
% Borrowings | % JSY beneficiaries | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
STATE | Normal | Caesarian | Normal | Caesarian | ||||||||||
Public | Private | Home | All normal | Public | Private | All c-section | Public | Private | Home | All normal | Public | Private | All c-section | |
High Focus - Non NE
| ||||||||||||||
Jammu & Kashmir | 20.4 | 34.2 | 12.8 | 17.4 | 25.9 | 26.8 | 25.7 | 4.7 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 2.6 | 4.9 | 3.6 | 4.5 |
Himachal Pradesh | 13.6 | 23.6 | 9.9 | 12.0 | 25.9 | 41.3 | 32.0 | 11.2 | 3.6 | 2.3 | 5.4 | 9.9 | 1.6 | 6.2 |
Uttarakhand | 18.8 | 26.9 | 9.9 | 13.2 | 34.1 | 50.8 | 43.3 | 44.8 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 10.9 | 31.7 | 1.7 | 13.5 |
Rajasthan | 27.8 | 29.8 | 15.4 | 22.1 | 33.7 | 42.4 | 36.6 | 72.8 | 4.4 | 1.5 | 32.3 | 55.1 | 5.4 | 28.3 |
Uttar Pradesh | 37.6 | 44.2 | 27.4 | 30.8 | 45.3 | 56.1 | 51.8 | 39.3 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 6.2 | 30.0 | 3.0 | 8.0 |
Bihar | 50.8 | 52.8 | 47.9 | 48.9 | 61.3 | 68.6 | 65.1 | 53.8 | 2.7 | 1.3 | 13.5 | 33.9 | 4.1 | 9.3 |
Jharkhand | 36.3 | 32.8 | 30.3 | 30.9 | 53.6 | 54.0 | 53.4 | 22.1 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 3.8 | 17.9 | 5.1 | 6.9 |
Orissa | 64.4 | 49.5 | 29.6 | 44.5 | 71.9 | 59.2 | 61.3 | 72.5 | 17.5 | 9.5 | 35.5 | 66.1 | 9.9 | 43.1 |
Chhattisgarh | 20.7 | 31.8 | 10.0 | 12.4 | 52.6 | 46.4 | 44.8 | 48.1 | 6.8 | 4.0 | 10.5 | 34.2 | 3.6 | 14.3 |
Madhya Pradesh | 42.6 | 31.7 | 31.8 | 37.6 | 59.7 | 44.4 | 51.4 | 76.3 | 9.8 | 4.1 | 42.9 | 70.6 | 3.7 | 34.4 |
High Focus - NE
| ||||||||||||||
Sikkim | 18.7 | 25.0* | 11.4 | 14.8 | 21.4 | 15.4 | 20.0 | 27.9 | 0.0* | 19.4 | 23.2 | 26.2 | 7.7 | 21.8 |
Arunachal Pradesh | 8.2 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 4.6 | 9.6 | 12.5 | 9.7 | 12.0 | 5.3 | 1.4 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 25.0 | 8.1 |
Manipur | 33.0 | 36.2 | 8.2 | 17.1 | 40.0 | 40.8 | 39.6 | 12.3 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 5.7 | 13.8 | 6.6 | 9.7 |
Mizoram | 11.0 | 13.2 | 3.9 | 7.9 | 27.1 | 9.1 | 22.2 | 47.9 | 47.4 | 5.0 | 29.0 | 41.7 | 9.1 | 34.9 |
Tripura | 27.0 | 42.9 | 7.3 | 15.4 | 39.4 | 18.2 | 33.3 | 29.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 12.1 | 18.2 | 0.0 | 13.3 |
Meghalaya | 15.6 | 10.0 | 8.9 | 10.4 | 23.5 | 18.2 | 15.4 | 8.8 | 2.0 | 1.3 | 2.7 | 5.9 | 8.3 | 3.8 |
Assam | 29.3 | 26.0 | 11.9 | 18.1 | 41.0 | 28.8 | 34.4 | 73.8 | 14.2 | 3.0 | 26.9 | 59.6 | 3.9 | 33.9 |
Non High Focus - Large
| ||||||||||||||
Punjab | 21.5 | 25.4 | 36.2 | 29.4 | 38.1 | 44.9 | 43.6 | 8.4 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 10.6 | 1.1 | 3.4 |
Haryana | 27.2 | 34.1 | 30.5 | 31.0 | 34.2 | 49.8 | 46.3 | 15.9 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 5.4 | 11.8 | 2.0 | 4.2 |
Delhi | 14.9 | 19.3 | 27.7 | 20.8 | 18.8 | 25.9 | 23.2 | 8.1 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 3.5 | 4.7 | 1.2 | 2.6 |
Gujarat | 25.0 | 30.8 | 18.4 | 24.2 | 31.6 | 38.2 | 36.8 | 17.9 | 10.6 | 6.2 | 10.4 | 17.5 | 5.3 | 7.9 |
Maharashtra | 10.0 | 13.4 | 6.8 | 9.9 | 15.3 | 18.4 | 17.0 | 12.6 | 2.9 | 11.3 | 9.0 | 15.3 | 3.0 | 6.6 |
Andhra Pradesh | 34.4 | 47.7 | 30.9 | 37.3 | 51.6 | 60.3 | 58.2 | 30.3 | 20.3 | 6.0 | 18.6 | 41.4 | 18.1 | 23.1 |
Karnataka | 39.5 | 34.6 | 26.3 | 33.3 | 50.9 | 42.2 | 45.7 | 18.7 | 10.1 | 9.7 | 13.1 | 19.6 | 14.3 | 16.6 |
Goa | 23.9 | 22.5 | 33.3 | 23.9 | 50.0 | 7.4 | 18.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.7 | 2.7 |
Kerala | 48.9 | 31.7 | 25.0 | 38.1 | 62.7 | 45.8 | 51.2 | 24.1 | 7.2 | 12.5 | 13.5 | 26.1 | 4.8 | 11.6 |
Tamil Nadu | 29.7 | 41.4 | 8.0 | 32.0 | 44.2 | 59.4 | 53.9 | 30.0 | 22.7 | 23.9 | 27.3 | 43.2 | 23.7 | 30.2 |
West Bengal | 59.8 | 41.2 | 47.1 | 51.5 | 60.8 | 44.3 | 52.5 | 29.9 | 10.4 | 15.1 | 20.1 | 24.6 | 9.2 | 16.3 |
Non High Focus - Small States & UTs
| ||||||||||||||
Chandigarh | 14.3 | 16.7 | 30.4 | 19.7 | 60.0 | 0.0* | 37.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0* | 0.0 |
Daman & Diu | 8.5 | 23.9 | 11.0 | 15.3 | 25.0 | 44.7 | 41.3 | 10.6 | 2.3 | 0.0 | 2.8 | 0.0 | 2.6 | 2.2 |
Dadra & Nagarhaveli | 27.5 | 26.1 | 35.1 | 32.3 | 0.0* | 20.0 | 12.5 | 7.5 | 8.7 | 0.0 | 3.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Lakshadweep | 7.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 5.7 | 0.0 | 23.8 | 13.5 | 3.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.5 | 6.3 | 0.0 | 2.7 |
Pondicherry | 27.7 | 20.0 | 0.0* | 25.6 | 30.0 | 18.0 | 24.5 | 11.0 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 8.2 | 16.7 | 0.0 | 9.1 |
Andaman & Nicobar Islands | 14.6 | 0.0 | 10.9 | 13.1 | 16.7 | 66.7 | 20.7 | 3.5 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 2.9 | 4.2 | 0.0 | 3.4 |
India - Total
|
32.9
|
33.2
|
25.2
|
28.6
|
41.2
|
46.6
|
43.8
|
43.2
|
6.4
|
3.3
|
15.2
|
29.2
|
7.5
|
15.4
|
State level variations in OOPE, borrowings and JSY use for c-section deliveries at public and private institutions
STATE | % all deliveries | Mean cost in INR (SD) | Median cost in INR (IQR) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Public | Private | All c-section | Public | Private | All c-section | ||
High Focus - Non NE
| |||||||
Jammu & Kashmir | 14.9 | 6,182 (4879) | 11,428 (6687) | 6,876 (5621) | 5,010 (2446–8930) | 11,000 (5794–16000) | 5,300 (2497–10078) |
Himachal Pradesh | 11.4 | 7,330 (6677) | 15,791 (10174) | 10,935 (9436) | 5,500 (3011–10084) | 15,326 (7709–20407) | 8,000 (3500–15790) |
Uttarakhand | 5.1 | 13,165 (18021) | 13,916 (10037) | 13,811 (13406) | 8115 (3000–17308) | 15,500 (5000–20395) | 12,109 (3867–20143) |
Rajasthan | 3.7 | 7,843 (10375) | 13,718 (9264) | 10,336 (10224) | 5021 (2000–9060) | 11,683 (6495–20000) | 8,144 (2634–15300) |
Uttar Pradesh | 4.6 | 6,097 (6478) | 12,767 (10377) | 10,614 (10039) | 3,298 (1500–9828) | 10,500 (4089–17392) | 9,154 (2500–15500) |
Bihar | 3.7 | 4,810 (5446) | 11,644 (8156) | 9,351 (8257) | 2,881 (813–7189) | 10,256 (5000–15235) | 8,100 (2097–15000) |
Jharkhand | 3.9 | 3,670 (3250) | 12,670 (8481) | 11,069 (8552) | 2,600 (1344–5311) | 11,837 (7027–17000) | 10,034 (3956–16000) |
Orissa | 10.1 | 5,990 (6010) | 10,949 (7412) | 6,286 (6753) | 3,300 (1700–10011) | 10,020 (4164–15414) | 3,273 (1277–10200) |
Chhattisgarh | 4.6 | 4,477 (3533) | 11,790 (6121) | 7,870 (6520) | 2,745 (1533–7070) | 10,702 (8004–15194) | 6,869 (2092–11649) |
Madhya Pradesh | 3.7 | 6,855 (7316) | 15,136 (9221) | 11,152 (9368) | 4,468 (1300–10074) | 15,014 (10020–20060) | 10,050 (2800–16027) |
High Focus - NE
| |||||||
Sikkim | 10.2 | 3,261 (1957) | 13,748 (10035) | 5,989 (6997) | 2,657 (2026–4028) | 10,752 (7006–17928) | 3,172 (2108–6827) |
Arunachal Pradesh | 5.0 | 5,123 (6478) | 21,905 (47483) | 8,237 (20947) | 3,100 (1015–8000) | 5,457 (2915–8834) | 3,381 (1276–8000) |
Manipur | 8.2 | 12,086 (6710) | 21,158 (8074) | 16,685 (8883) | 10,702 (8083–15203) | 20,588 (16820–25825) | 15,560 (10187–20800) |
Mizoram | 4.8 | 5,615 (3347) | 12,620 (8148) | 7,093 (5359) | 5,000 (3433–7217) | 12,674 (6321–15100) | 5,322 (4000–10080) |
Tripura | 6.3 | 6,774 (4252) | 13,265 (3156) | 8,036 (4957) | 7,074 (3822–10009) | 12,201 (11104–14835) | 7,927 (4145–12005) |
Meghalaya | 3.2 | 8,346 (14016) | 15,303 (8279) | 7,489 (10636) | 3,478 (1362–10753) | 14,478 (8546–22772) | 2,456 (472–11000) |
Assam | 5.9 | 7,342 (7596) | 17,825 (11868) | 10,445 (10755) | 5,652 (2300–10119) | 18,106 (7500–25000) | 7,000 (2215–16272) |
Non High Focus - Large
| |||||||
Punjab | 13.6 | 7,383 (5067) | 13,525 (7028) | 12,029 (7117) | 6,050 (3500–10168) | 12,962 (10000–17144) | 11,008 (6050–15487) |
Haryana | 10.5 | 7,807 (7597) | 14,450 (10765) | 13,017 (10515) | 6,429 (1880–10438) | 15,000 (5282–20100) | 12,374 (4514–20000) |
Delhi | 14.2 | 6,246 (11543) | 25,028 (16415) | 17,525 (17233) | 3,050 (1044–5932) | 21,395 (13015–35000) | 13,016 (3050–25762) |
Gujarat | 7.4 | 4,367 (7818) | 13,099 (9232) | 11,220 (9539) | 2,330 (200–5235) | 12,020 (8120–15906) | 10,200 (3300–15066) |
Maharashtra | 10 | 5,042 (5012) | 15,509 (8498) | 12,175 (8991) | 4,027 (1500–6577) | 15,052 (10050–20020) | 11,000 (5018–17146) |
Andhra Pradesh | 27.6 | 4,499 (4400) | 12,602 (6888) | 10,700 (7269) | 3,158 (1500–5100) | 10,300 (9099–15200) | 10,050 (5100–15050) |
Karnataka | 14.0 | 5,271 (5743) | 14,572 (9519) | 10,903 (9400) | 4,008 (2000–6470) | 13,279 (10005–18100) | 10,025 (3524–15100) |
Goa | 28.7 | 3,617 (3350) | 19,158 (16120) | 15,034 (15494) | 4,000 (416–5263) | 15,115 (14175–21862) | 15,000 (4818–17745) |
Kerala | 34.0 | 6,830 (7551) | 15,933 (10055) | 13,294 (10234) | 5,100 (3253–7152) | 14,029 (10274–19000) | 12,005 (6138–16000) |
Tamil Nadu | 24.9 | 2,674 (4619) | 14,239 (6819) | 10,295 (8207) | 1,249 (266–3082) | 14,963 (10025–17143) | 10,050 (2380–15100) |
West Bengal | 11.4 | 6,367 (5118) | 13,357 (7800) | 10,131 (7516) | 5,400 (3066–8072) | 11,000 (8150–16035) | 8,400 (5054–12733) |
Non High Focus - Small states & UTs
| |||||||
Chandigarh | 9.2 | 4,233 (2246) | 15,750* (12078) | 9,169 (9436) | 3,790 (2363–6545) | 20,100* (2100–20100) | 5,030 (2300–20100) |
Daman & Diu | 15.4 | 678 (1094) | 13,893 (6143) | 11,463 (7594) | 77 (0–1118) | 15,000 (8546–20000) | 12,055 (5011–16611) |
Dadra & Nagarhaveli | 4.7 | -- | 10,554 (6612) | 10,554 (6612) | -- | 10,204 (5244–16257) | 10,204 (5244–16257) |
Lakshadweep | 23.3 | 8,876 (19767) | 36,345 (17837) | 25,323 (22824) | 1,014 (30–7668) | 29,604 (24070–56986) | 24,521 (1500–49561) |
Pondicherry | 33.3 | 2,542 (3102) | 16,073 (9096) | 8,433 (9295) | 1,100 (550–3000) | 15,000 (10151–20056) | 5,890 (1013–13318) |
Andaman & Nicobar Islands | 12.2 | 2,228 (3059) | 39,424 (31749) | 5,514 (13279) | 565 (50–5000) | 39,775 (17500–39775) | 797 (39–5042) |
India - Total
|
8.2
|
5,935 (6859)
|
14,276 (9639)
|
10,827 (9600)
|
4,045 (1600–8050)
|
13,000 (8200–20000)
|
10,000 (3200–15200)
|
Socio-demographic variations in OOPE, borrowings and JSY use for all normal/c-section deliveries in India
Socio-demographic characteristics | Public institution | Private institution | Home | Total Women | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean OOPE in INR (SD) | Median OOPE in INR (IQR) | % Borrowing | % JSY beneficiaries | Mean OOPE in INR (SD) | Median OOPE in INR (IQR) | % Borrowing | % JSY beneficiaries | Mean OOPE in INR(SD) | Median OOPE in INR (IQR) | % Borrowing | % JSY beneficiaries | ||
Caste
|
p<0.01
|
–
|
p<0.04
|
p=0.35
|
p<0.01
|
–
|
p<0.01
|
p=0.11
|
p<0.01
|
–
|
p<0.02
|
p=0.69
|
–
|
Scheduled caste | 1493 (2045) | 900 (500–1850) | 41.3 | 44.7 | 3902 (4597) | 3000 (1700–5000) | 47.3 | 8.8 | 526 (1259) | 300 (60–600) | 33.4 | 3.8 | 16121 |
Scheduled tribe | 1593 (2428) | 1000 (500–2000) | 24.6 | 45.1 | 3582 (3642) | 2400 (1300–5000) | 32.6 | 12.2 | 314 (669) | 100 (0–400) | 16.0 | 4.8 | 16591 |
Other backward caste | 1465 (2189) | 1000 (500–1800) | 36.1 | 46.3 | 4369 (5193) | 3090 (2000–5100) | 37.0 | 7.2 | 493 (931) | 250 (100–500) | 28.7 | 2.5 |
32049
|
Others | 2043 (2447) | 1300 (600–2500) | 26.1 | 34.7 | 4958 (5268) | 3500 (2050–6000) | 22.4 | 3.2 | 553 (980) | 300 (44–600) | 20.0 | 2.4 |
16541
|
Education
|
p<0.01
|
–
|
p<0.01
|
p<0.06
|
p<0.01
|
–
|
p<0.01
|
p=0.84
|
p<0.01
|
–
|
p<0.01
|
p=0.88
|
–
|
No schooling | 1311 (1595) | 850 (500–1550) | 43.3 | 50.5 | 3204 (3644) | 2200 (1300–3800) | 53.1 | 6.4 | 408 (942) | 200 (0–500) | 29.3 | 2.5 |
39087
|
1-5 years | 1494 (2280) | 950 (500–1700) | 37.7 | 44.8 | 3660 (4078) | 2800 (1600–4417) | 44.0 | 7.7 | 581 (997) | 200 (0–500) | 23.6 | 4.5 |
12975
|
6-11 years | 1813 (2601) | 1100 (530–2200) | 26.7 | 38.8 | 4613 (5306) | 3200 (2030–5300) | 30.9 | 7.2 | 757 (1156) | 300 (0–600) | 17.0 | 4.6 |
24455
|
≥12 years | 2241 (2736) | 1500 (600–3000) | 13.4 | 32.6 | 5727 (5817) | 4250 (2500–7000) | 14.1 | 4.5 | 408 (942) | 500 (100–1000) | 10.4 | 4.1 |
6523 |
Wealth Index
|
p<0.01
|
–
|
p<0.01
|
p<0.01
|
p<0.01
|
–
|
p<0.01
|
p=0.45
|
p<0.01
|
–
|
p<0.02
|
p=0.99
|
–
|
Poorest | 1240 (1502) | 800 (500–1500) | 53.0 | 56.8 | 2877 (2837) | 2050 (1100–3300) | 64.2 | 8.0 | 353 (773) | 200 (0–500) | 31.6 | 3.3 | 18418 |
Second | 1417 (1955) | 900 (500–1600) | 45.5 | 52.7 | 3086 (3428) | 2200 (1200–3900) | 54.9 | 8.7 | 425 (780) | 200 (0–500) | 27.9 | 3.5 | 18909 |
Middle | 1534 (1905) | 1000 (500–2000) | 33.9 | 43.4 | 3701 (4570) | 2600 (1544–4500) | 47.7 | 9.4 | 496 (1275) | 250 (0–500) | 21.8 | 3.4 | 17841 |
Fourth | 1792 (2680) | 1100 (530–2150) | 23.5 | 37.2 | 4211 (4954) | 3040 (2000–5050) | 36.0 | 8.2 | 596 (954) | 300 (100–700) | 17.9 | 3.1 | 16171 |
Richest | 2162 (2926) | 1200 (550–2800) | 11.7 | 27.9 | 5523 (5692) | 4070 (2500–6300) | 16.0 | 3.2 | 789 (1278) | 500 (200–1000) | 12.7 | 2.5 | 11690 |
Area
|
p=0.98
|
–
|
p<0.05
|
p<0.09
|
p<0.01
|
–
|
p<0.01
|
p=0.55
|
p<0.01
|
–
|
p=0.87
|
p=0.65
|
–
|
Rural | 1624 (2258) | 1000 (520–2000) | 35.8 | 45.7 | 4152 (4472) | 3030 (1800–5100) | 38.5 | 7.2 | 445 (860) | 200 (0–500) | 25.3 | 3.4 | 69715 |
Urban | 1623 (2332) | 1000 (468–2015) | 22.5 | 34.2 | 5112 (6106) | 3500 (2020–6000) | 22.2 | 4.9 | 680 (1720) | 494 (150–800) | 24.1 | 2.3 | 13324 |
Full ANC
|
p<0.01
|
–
|
p=0.22
|
p<0.07
|
p<0.01
|
–
|
p=0.09
|
p=0.58
|
p<0.01
|
–
|
p=0.31
|
p=0.12
|
–
|
Yes | 1862 (2473) | 1100 (500–2300) | 26.5 | 32.8 | 5340 (5220) | 4020 (2300–6200) | 26.1 | 5.7 | 707 (1277) | 400 (0–1000) | 19.6 | 8.4 | 12010 |
No | 1561 (2213) | 1000 (500–2000) | 34.6 | 46.0 | 4054 (4949) | 3000 (1700–5000) | 36.5 | 7.9 | 449 (943) | 200 (0–500) | 25.6 | 2.9 | 71013 |
Registered pregnancy and Got advice on institutional delivery
|
p<0.01
|
–
|
p=0.14
|
p=0.25
|
p<0.01
|
–
|
p<0.06
|
p=0.35
|
p<0.01
|
–
|
p=0.51
|
p=0.15
|
–
|
Yes | 1767 (2504) | 1050 (500–2100) | 29.2 | 40.1 | 4958 (5385) | 3525 (2100–5748) | 28.8 | 7.4 | 590 (1087) | 300 (0–600) | 21.9 | 6.2 | 34806 |
No | 1413 (1861) | 900 (500–1600) | 38.5 | 47.8 | 3441 (4183) | 2300 (1400–4100) | 42.1 | 4.4 | 421 (922) | 200 (0–500) | 26.4 | 2.2 | 48235 |
Socio-demographic characteristics | C-section at public institution | C-section at private institution | Total women | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean OOPE in INR (SD) | Median OOPE in INR (IQR) | % Borrowing | % JSY beneficiaries | Mean OOPE in INR (SD) | Median OOPE in INR (IQR) | % Borrowing | % JSY beneficiaries | ||
Caste
|
p<0.01
|
–
|
p<0.01
|
p=0.11
|
p<0.01
|
–
|
p<0.01
|
p=0.29
|
–
|
Scheduled caste | 5335 (5635) | 3294 (1500–8000) | 53.1 | 35.2 | 12928 (8904) | 11000 (7772–16064) | 63.8 | 10.1 | 1205 |
Scheduled tribe | 6060 (7519) | 4000 (1627–8000) | 32.5 | 30.9 | 15380 (14540) | 12000 (7100–20000) | 46.0 | 10.7 | 674 |
Other backward caste | 5666 (6932) | 3400 (1203–7497) | 44.8 | 32.7 | 13764 (8320) | 12600 (8700–18050) | 53.5 | 9.4 | 3044 |
Others | 6630 (7321) | 5000 (2100–9300) | 33.2 | 19.8 | 15220 (10408) | 15000 (9003–20050) | 31.6 | 3.9 | 2481 |
Education
|
p<0.01
|
–
|
p<0.01
|
p=0.17
|
p<0.01
|
–
|
p<0.01
|
p=0.44
|
–
|
No schooling | 5506 (6396) | 3200 (1300–7537) | 56.2 | 28.0 | 11675 (8146) | 10294 (5050–15500) | 73.5 | 7.3 | 1338 |
1-5 years | 4794 (5633) | 3086 (1150–6012) | 55.3 | 35.8 | 12206 (9358) | 10300 (5400–15472) | 68.9 | 10.6 | 785 |
6-11 years | 5890 (6767) | 4150 (1700–8038) | 39.7 | 30.8 | 14013 (9172) | 12700 (8816–18300) | 48.9 | 8.9 | 3249 |
≥12 years | 7197 (8043) | 5023 (2150–10198) | 21.1 | 22.2 | 16118 (10374) | 15013 (10020–20100) | 27.8 | 5.3 | 2180 |
Wealth Index
|
p<0.01
|
–
|
p<0.01
|
p<0.01
|
p<0.01
|
–
|
p<0.01
|
p=0.13
|
–
|
Poorest | 5326 (7075) | 2604 (1200–6756) | 70.1 | 39.9 | 12363 (8205) | 10600 (5042–17187) | 82.8 | 14.8 | 401 |
Second | 5304 (5803) | 3452 (1500–7100) | 63.7 | 39.3 | 12593 (8333) | 10599 (7008–16057) | 76.7 | 11.5 | 722 |
Middle | 4926 (5038) | 3267 (1300–7135) | 54.2 | 38.4 | 12397 (8672) | 10700 (6400–15500) | 73.1 | 11.8 | 1211 |
Fourth | 6247 (7306) | 4726 (2000–8200) | 40.7 | 28.0 | 13074 (8176) | 12050 (7404–17000) | 56.8 | 9.9 | 1997 |
Richest | 6709 (7684) | 5000 (2022–9247) | 18.8 | 18.2 | 15723 (10546) | 15000 (10000–20070) | 28.6 | 4.3 | 3217 |
Area
|
p=0.37
|
–
|
p<0.03
|
p=0.21
|
p<0.01
|
–
|
p<0.01
|
p=0.42
|
–
|
Rural | 5850 (6537) | 4000 (1700–4000) | 46.2 | 31.9 | 13549 (8808) | 12300 (8000–18000) | 55.8 | 8.8 | 4831 |
Urban | 6117 (7497) | 4400 (1510–8100) | 30.8 | 23.5 | 15422 (10723) | 15000 (10000–20020) | 32.6 | 5.6 | 2721 |
Full ANC
|
p=0.65
|
–
|
p=0.77
|
p=0.88
|
p<0.01
|
–
|
p=0.16
|
p=0.55
|
–
|
Yes | 5851 (6292) | 4200 (1700–8000) | 40.4 | 30.3 | 15233 (9563) | 15000 (10000–20010) | 41.2 | 9.4 | 2997 |
No | 5982 (7178) | 4000 (1510–8187) | 41.8 | 28.5 | 13539 (9635) | 12100 (7200–18050) | 50.8 | 6.1 | 4548 |
Registered pregnancy and Got advice on institutional delivery
|
p<0.07
|
–
|
p=0.15
|
p=0.88
|
p<0.01
|
–
|
p=0.10
|
p=0.15
|
–
|
Yes | 5805 (6280) | 4050 (1700–8042) | 39.1 | 29.1 | 14717 (9712) | 13831 (9578–20000) | 44.2 | 8.6 | 5822 |
No | 6441 (8741) | 4005 (1500–8400) | 49.4 | 29.6 | 12605 (9173) | 10623 (5500–16257) | 55.5 | 3.7 | 1729 |