Background
Methods
Study area
Climatic conditions
Health facilities
Data sources
Data sampling and conversion to GIS
Spatial and statistical analysis
Factor analysis
Factor | Groups of variables having unique dimensions |
---|---|
1 | Perennial, orchard and rangeland |
2 | Recreation area and golf course |
3 | Deciduous forest and mine |
4 | Reservoir and pasture/farm house |
5 | City and aquaculture land |
6 | Institutional land, build-up village and natural water body |
7 | Field crop and pit |
8 | Marsh/swap/rice paddy and gasoline station/workshop |
9 | Transportation/communication, horticulture and landfill |
10 | Industrial area and forest plantation |
11 | Perennial/orchard and cemetery |
12 | Marsh/swamp and paddy field |
Indices | Month | Factor 1 | Factor 3 | Factor 8 |
---|---|---|---|---|
C.I. | March | 0.28 ns | 0.21*
| -0.15 ns |
May | -0.01 ns | 0.07 ns | 0.29***
| |
July | -0.07 ns | 0.04 ns | 0.18 ns | |
Mean | 0.08 ns | 0.11 ns | 0.12 ns | |
H.I. | March | 0.21*
| 0.25**
| -0.15 ns |
May | 0.02 ns | 0.06 ns | 0.33***
| |
July | -0.10 ns | -0.02 ns | 0.29***
| |
Mean | 0.03 ns | 0.08 ns | 0.21*
| |
B.I. | March | 0.28 ns | 0.21*
| -0.14 ns |
May | -0.01 ns | 0.03 ns | 0.35***
| |
July | -0.06 ns | 0.02 ns | 0.19 ns | |
Mean | 0.09 ns | 0.09 ns | 0.18 ns |
Spatial analysis using ring maps
Results and discussion
Land-use type
Sr. No. | Land-use type | M ± SD | Sr. No. | Land-use type | M ± SD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Aquaculture land | 0.08±0.40 | 15 | Marsh/swamp/rice paddy | 1.07±7.75 |
2 | Build-up village | 16.91±14.14 | 16 | Mine | 0.07±3.56 |
3 | Cemetery | 0.08±0.15 | 17 | Natural water body | 2.84±3.56 |
4 | City | 6.00±17.95 | 18 | Orchard | 2.85±5.12 |
5 | Deciduous forest | 4.95±11.46 | 19 | Paddy field | 43.94±25.88 |
6 | Field crop | 11.58±17.83 | 20 | Pasture/farm house | 0.17± 0.65 |
7 | Forest plantation | 0.62±5.38 | 21 | Perennial | 2.34±5.75 |
8 | Gasoline station/workshop | 0.01±0.10 | 22 | Perennial/orchard | 0.05±0.28 |
9 | Golf course | 0.04±0.40 | 23 | Pit | 0.06±0.31 |
10 | Horticulture | 0.05±0.20 | 24 | Rangeland | 3.98±6.78 |
11 | Industrial land | 0.19±0.50 | 25 | Recreation area | 0.10±0.66 |
12 | Institutional land | 0.79±2.39 | 26 | Reservoir | 0.47±1.26 |
13 | Landfill | 0.06±0.44 | 27 | Transportation/communication | 0.19±0.55 |
14 | Marsh/swamp | 0.52±1.87 |
Deciduous forest
Indices | Month | Deciduous forest | Horticulture land | Institutional land | Marsh/swamp /rice/paddy | Perennial |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C.I. | March | 0.211*
| -0.020 ns | 0.107 ns | -0.160 ns | 0.300***
|
May | 0.061 ns | -0.039 ns | -0.031 ns | 0.295***
| -0.003 ns | |
July | 0.037 ns | 0.0233 ns | 0.095 ns | -0.068 ns | -0.040 ns | |
Mean | 0.109 ns | 0.028 ns | 0.074 ns | -0.150 ns | -0.042 ns | |
H.I. | March | 0.254**
| -0.037 ns | 0.267**
| -0.159 ns | -0.002 ns |
May | 0.059 ns | 0.224*
| -0.017 ns | 0.337***
| 0.078 ns | |
July | -0.031 ns | 0.021 ns | 0.0109 ns | 0.280***
| -0.047 ns | |
Mean | 0.076 ns | 0.066 ns | 0.153 ns | 0.208* | 0.048 ns | |
B.I. | March | 0.215*
| -0.003 ns | 0.190 ns | -0.143 ns | 0.267**
|
May | 0.026 ns | 0.110 ns | -0.015 ns | 0.349***
| 0.006 ns | |
July | 0.0190 ns | 0.0316 ns | 0.114 ns | -0.070 ns | -0.052 ns | |
Mean | 0.093 ns | 0.0227 ns | 0.1245 ns | -0.150 ns | -0.021 ns |
Horticulture
Integrated effect of land-use type
Institutional land
Marsh/swamp/rice paddy
Perennial
Spatial temporal analysis of dengue indices
District no. | Sample villages | Optimal index | Moderate index | Alarm index | Emergency index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
6501 | 20 | 0 | 3 | 14 | 3 |
6502 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 0 |
6503 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 1 |
6504 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
6505 | 7 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 0 |
6506 | 13 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 |
6507 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 |
6508 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 |
6509 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0 |
District no. | Sample villages | Optimal index | Moderate index | Alarm index | Emergency index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
6501 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 14 |
6502 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
6503 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 |
6504 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 8 |
6505 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
6506 | 13 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 9 |
6507 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 |
6508 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 10 |
6509 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |