Background
Methods
Plant materials
Preparation of the methanol extract
Preparation of essential oil
Determination of total flavonoids
GC and GC-MS analysis conditions of the essential oil
Antimicrobial tests
Microbial strains
Essential oil | Methanol extract | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Origin | DDa
| MIC | MBC | DD | MIC | MBC | |
Gram positive bacteria
| |||||||
Bacillus cereus
|
Food
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
Bacillus subtilis
|
Human
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
Enterococcus feacalis
|
Human
| - | - | - | 4 | 250 | 250 |
Serratia marcescens
|
Human
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
Staphlococcus aureus
|
Human
| 7 | 250 | 250 | 6 | 125 | 125 |
Gram negative bacteria
| |||||||
Aeromonas hydrophila
|
Human
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
Escherichia coli
|
Human
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
Klebsiella pneumoniae
|
Human
| 7 | 62.5 | 125 | 12 | 62.5 | 62.5 |
Proteus vulgaris
|
Human
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
Human
| - | - | - | 8 | 125 | 125 |
Salmonella indica
|
Food
| 4 | 250 | 250 | 4 | 125 | 125 |
Yeast
| |||||||
Candida albicans
|
Human
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
|
Human
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
Disc-diffusion assay
Micro-well dilution assay of MIC and MBC
Cell viability assay for Klebsiella pneumoniae
Antibiofilm tests
Biofilm assay
Study of the effect of Eo and methanol extract on biofilm formation by PVC microtiter
Surface colonization and biofilm eradication on biomaterial
Statistical analysis
Results and discussion
GC-MS analysis of essential oil and total flavonoids
Peak no | Compounda
| KIb
| Areac(%) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Tricyclene | 921 | 0.3 |
2 | α-Thujene | 922 | 1.4 |
3 | α-Pinene | 937 | 48.6 |
4 | Camphene | 948 | 0.5 |
5 | Sabinene | 974 | 2.0 |
6 | β-Pinene | 980 | 2.5 |
7 | Myrcene | 998 | 4.1 |
8 | δ-3-carene | 1012 | 22.1 |
9 | p-Cymene | 1021 | 0.2 |
10 | Limonene | 1024 | 4.6 |
11 | γ -terpinene | 1044 | 0.9 |
12 | α-terpinolene | 1064 | 4.5 |
13 | Camphor | 1104 | 0.1 |
14 | Bronyl acetate | 1289 | 0.2 |
15 | Carvacrol | 1304 | 0.1 |
16 | β-Caryophyllene | 1417 | 0.1 |
17 | α-humulene | 1559 | 0.3 |
18 | Germacrene-D | 1485 | 1.6 |
19 | δ-cadinene | 1527 | 0.5 |
20 | α-cedrol | 1610 | 3.5 |
Total
| 98.1 | ||
Oil yield (%) (v/w)
| 0.87 |