Background
Methods and Materials
Plant collection
Extract preparation
Experimental plan
Experimental protocol
Biochemical investigations
Assessment of antioxidant enzymes
Catalase assay (CAT)
Peroxidase assay (POD)
Superoxide dismutase assay (SOD)
Glutathione-S-transferase assay (GST)
Glutathione reductase assay (GR)
Glutathione peroxidase assay (GPx)
Quinone reductase assay (QR)
Reduced glutathione assay (GSH)
Estimation of lipid peroxidation assay (TBARS/LPO)
Hydrogen peroxide assay (H2O2)
Molecular studies
DNA fragmentation assay with diphenylamine reaction
DNA Isolations and ladder assay
Histopathological study of tissue
Statistical analysis
Results
Effects of C. opaca fruit against CCl4 induced pulmonary toxicity in rat
Effects of C. opaca fruit on enzymatic antioxidant levels
Group | Protein (μg/mg tissue) | CAT (U/min) | POD (U/min) | SOD (U/mg protein) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 2.01 ± 0.03f | 4.11 ± 0.21d | 10.42 ± 0.53d | 3.40 ± 0.23e |
Oil + DMSO | 1.96 ± 0.03f | 4.09 ± 0.30d | 1I.00 ± 0.20d | 3.25 ± 0.21e |
CCl4
| 0.74 ± 0.01a | 2.09 ± 0.24a | 5.74 ± 0.42a | 1.12 ± 0.02a |
Sily + CCl4
| 1.49 ± 0.02e | 3.60 ± 0.11c | 9.64 ± 0.23c | 2.59 ± 0.10d |
HFC + CCl4
| 0.89 ± 0.03b | 2.60 ± 0.16b | 6.53 ± 0.32b | 1.46 ± 0.10b |
EFC + CCl4
| 1.05 ± 0.06c | 3.02 ± 0.07c | 6.89 ± 0.17b | 1.51 ± 0.08b |
MFC + CCl4
| 1.35 ± 0.078d | 3.30 ± 0.10c | 7.80 ± 0.17b | 2.20 ± 0.13c |
Effects of C. opaca fruit on TBARS and H2O2
Group | TBARS (nM/min/mg protein) | H2O2(nM/min/mg tissue) |
---|---|---|
Control | 3.13 ± 0.18c | 1.21 ± 0.074f |
Oil + DMSO | 3.20 ± 0.13c | 1.17 ± 0.051f |
CCl4
| 5.41 ± 0.68a | 2.64 ± 0.062a |
Sily + CCl4
| 4.02 ± 0.47b | 1.53 ± 0.058e |
HFC + CCl4
| 4.91 ± 0.11a | 2.24 ± 0.035b |
EFC + CCl4
| 4.89 ± 0.15a | 2.21 ± 0.043b |
MFC + CCl4
| 4.07 ± 0.23b | 1.99 ± 0.094c |
Effects of C. opaca fruit on glutathione enzymes
Group | GST (nM/min/mg protein) | GPx (nM/min/mgprotein) | GR (nM/min/mg protein) |
---|---|---|---|
Control | 170.29 ± 4.28 h | 114.21 ± 3.29 g | 247.01 ± 6.00 g |
Oil + DMSO | 177.43 ± 4.31 h | 108.48 ± 3.12 g | 236.23 ± 5.73 g |
CCl4
| 92.13 ± 3.48a | 65.08 ± 3.32a | 136.24 ± 3.72a |
Sily + CCl4
| 161.34 ± 3.22 g | 101.48 ± 2.81f | 192.41 ± 4.07e |
HFC + CCl4
| 99.61 ± 2.03b | 73.40 ± 1.45b | 149.32 ± 4.56b |
EFC + CCl4
| 105.34 ± 2.51c | 72.02 ± 1.81b | 154.66 ± 4.39b |
MFC + CCl4
| 130.80 ± 3.73e | 83.52 ± 2.40d | 177.46 ± 4.29d |
Effects of C. opaca fruit on GSH, QR and DNA fragmentation
Group | GSH (μM/g tissue) | QR (nM/min/mg protein) | DNA damages % |
---|---|---|---|
Control | 27.07 ± 1.41e | 119.18 ± 3.03 g | 12.82 ± 1.38e |
Oil + DMSO | 24.23 ± 1.50e | 124.27 ± 3.68 g | 13.53 ± 1.98e |
CCl4
| 10.23 ± 0.65a | 60.74 ± 2.13a | 61.42 ± 2.70a |
Sily + CCl4
| 20.53 ± 1.41d | 104.47 ± 3.22f | 19.19 ± 1.48d |
HFC + CCl4
| 11.65 ± 0.46b | 66.18 ± 2.87b | 33.26 ± 0.72b |
EFC + CCl4
| 11.90 ± 0.57b | 73.30 ± 3.17c | 33.47 ± 0.48b |
MFC + CCl4
| 15.79 ± 1.00c | 91.26 ± 2.32e | 20.33 ± 1.54d |