Background
Methods
Plant material and extraction
Chemicals used
Animals
Drug preparation
Mating behaviour test
Test for libido
Test for potency
Test for ulcerogenecity
Adverse effects
Statistical analysis
Results
Mean Frequency ± SEM | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameters | Control (10 ml/kg) | Clove (100 mg/kg) | Clove (250 mg/kg) | Clove (500 mg/kg) | Sildenafil citrate (5 mg/kg) |
Mounting Frequency (MF) | 11.50 ± 1.22 | 13.20 ± 1.47* | 19.00 ± 1.10*** | 31.80 ± 2.32**** | 48.70 ± 2.34**** |
Intromission Frequency (IF) | 5.50 ± 1.22 | 5.83 ± 1.17 NS | 6.67 ± 0.81* | 8.17 ± 1.47*** | 24.70 ± 0.81**** |
Mounting Latency (ML, in sec) | 35.30 ± 1.51 | 36.70 ± 1.21 NS | 31.30 ± 1.63*** | 24.30 ± 1.63**** | 11.70 ± 1.37**** |
Intromission Latency (IL, in sec) | 40.00 ± 5.29 | 41.30 ± 3.89 NS | 38.50 ± 3.89 NS | 21.00 ± 3.83** | 15.00 ± 0.89**** |
Ejaculatory Latency in first series (EL1, in sec) | 198.00 ± 0.98 | 201.00 ± 13.00 NS | 208.00 ± 13.70* | 233.50 ± 12.00**** | 344.50 ± 12.00**** |
Ejaculatory Latency in second series (EL2, in sec) | 297.33 ± 8.10 | 295.50 ± 11.70 NS | 311.33 ± 9.67 NS | 343.16 ± 7.70**** | 398.16 ± 13.50**** |
Post Ejaculatory Interval (PEI, in sec) | 364.00 ± 12.22 | 343.16 ± 7.70* | 309.33 ± 10.90**** | 217.33 ± 8.96**** | 99.00 ± 5.68**** |
Mean Frequency ± SEM | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameters | Control (10 ml/kg) | Clove (100 mg/kg) | Clove (250 mg/kg) | Clove (500 mg/kg) | Sildenafil citrate (5 mg/kg) |
Mounting Frequency (MF) | 6.17 ± 0.98 | 6.33 ± 0.81NS | 7.17 ± 1.72 NS | 11.20 ± 1.17* | 23.00 ± 2.17** |
Intromission Frequency (IF) | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil |
Ejaculation (EJ) | Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent |
Mean Frequency ± SEM | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameters | Control (10 ml/kg) | Clove (100 mg/kg) | Clove (250 mg/kg) | Clove (500 mg/kg) | Sildenafil citrate (5 mg/kg) |
Erections (E) | 7.67 ± 1.63 | 8.33 ± 1.21 NS | 10.50 ± 1.76** | 13.80 ± 0.98*** | 19.00 ± 2.64*** |
Quick Flips (QF) | 5.17 ± 0.75 | 5.33 ± 1.21 NS | 6.00 ± 1.22 NS | 9.67 ± 1.37*** | 17.30 ± 4.13*** |
Long Flips (LF) | 2.17 ± 1.17 | 3.17 ± 1.50 NS | 4.00 ± 1.55* | 7.50 ± 1.22*** | 12.00 ± 2.26*** |
Total Penile Reflexes (TPR) | 15.01 ± 3.55 | 16.83 ± 7.21 NS | 20.50 ± 4.53* | 30.97 ± 3.50*** | 48.30 ± 9.03*** |