Background
Methods
Study site and populations
The Nouna community based health insurance (CBHI) scheme
Data collection and analysis
Ethical consideration
Results
Descriptive analysis of the study populations
Characteristics | Members | Not members | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | ||
Use of health services
| 0.000 | ||
- Did not use | 53 (14.6) | 281 (28.6) | |
- Have used | 310 (85.4) | 700 (71.4) | |
Education
| 0.000 | ||
- None | 148 (40.7) | 602 (61.3) | |
- At least primary school level | 216 (59.3) | 380 (38.7) | |
Place
| 0.000 | ||
- Nouna town | 230 (63.2) | 394 (40.1) | |
- Nouna villages | 134 (36.8) | 588 (59.9) | |
Asset ownership
| 0.000 | ||
- Most poor | 3 (0.8) | 235 (23.9) | |
- Second quartile | 35 (9.6) | 235 (23.9) | |
- Third quintile | 85 (23.4) | 198 (20.2) | |
- Fourth quintile | 116 (31.9) | 161 (16.4) | |
- Least poor | 125 (34.3) | 153 (15.6) |
Effects on utilization of health services
Household characteristics | Did not use services | Used services | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | ||
Education : None
| 0.000 | ||
- Members | 25 (11.4) | 123 (23.3) | |
- Non members | 195 (88.6) | 406 (76.7) | |
Education : At least primary level
| |||
- Members | 28 (24.4) | 187 (38.9) | |
- Non members | 86 (75.4) | 294 (61.1) | |
Place: Nouna town
| 0.002 | ||
- Members | 37 (20.9) | 192 (43) | |
- Non members | 140 (79.1) | 254 (57) | |
Place : Nouna villages
| |||
- Members | 16 (10.2) | 118 (20.9) | |
- Non members | 140 (89.8) | 446 (79.1) | |
Perceived quality of care: Low
| 0.000 | ||
- Members | 7 (8.5) | 91 (27.5) | |
- Non members | 75 (91.5) | 240 (72.5) | |
Perceived quality of care: High
| |||
- Members | 44 (17.6) | 219 (32.3) | |
- Non members | 206 (82.4) | 458 (67.7) | |
Asset ownership : Most poor
| 0.162 | ||
- Members | 20 (36.4) | 104 (46.8) | |
- Non members | 35 (63.6) | 118 (53.2) | |
Asset ownership : Least poor
| 0.280 | ||
- Members | 0 (0) | 3 (1.7) | |
- Non members | 66 (100) | 169 (98.3) |
Dummy | B | Std. Err | Wald | Sig | Exp(B) | 95% Conf. Interval | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
variables | Lower | Higher | |||||
Constant (α) | 2.256 | 0.239 | 89.07 | 0.000 | 9.528 | - | - |
CBHI (1) | - 0.802 | 0.179 | 19.9 | 0.000 | 0.448 | 0.315 | 0.637 |
Nouna town (1) | 0.739 | 0.152 | 23.58 | 0.000 | 2.094 | 1.554 | 2.822 |
PQOC* (1) | - 0.393 | 0.151 | 6.79 | 0.000 | 0.675 | 0.502 | 0.907 |
Education (1) | - 0.476 | 0.140 | 11.51 | 0.01 | 0.622 | 0.472 | 0.818 |
Asset ownership | |||||||
Qunitile (2) | - 0.592 | 0.247 | 5.74 | 0.017 | 0.553 | 0.341 | 0.898 |
Quintile (3) | - 0.713 | 0.219 | 10.61 | 0.01 | 0.490 | 0.319 | 0.753 |
Quintile (4) | - 0.257 | 0.216 | 1.425 | 0.233 | 0.773 | 0.507 | 1.18 |
Quintile (5) | −0.081 | 0.223 | 0.133 | 0.715 | 0.922 | 0.596 | 1.42 |
Effect of Nouna CBHI on mortality
Robust | 95% Conf. Interval | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Died | IRR | Std. Err | Z | P>|z| | Lower | Higher |
Enrolment_1 | 0.97 | 0.11 | - 0.22 | 0.826 | 0.78 | 1.22 |
Enrolment_2 | 0.87 | 0.14 | - 0.86 | 0.390 | 0.65 | 1.18 |
Firstyear | 0.74 | 0.07 | - 3.19 | 0.001 | 0.62 | 0.89 |
Secondyear | 0.70 | 0.08 | - 3.28 | 0.001 | 0.57 | 0.87 |
Thirdyear | 0.72 | 0.09 | - 2.54 | 0.011 | 0.55 | 0.93 |
Distance_1 | 1.54 | 0.09 | 6.78 | 0.000 | 1.36 | 1.75 |
Distance_2 | 2.01 | 0.14 | 10.39 | 0.000 | 1.76 | 2.30 |
Size_1 | 0.75 | 0.04 | - 6.11 | 0.000 | 0.68 | 0.82 |
Education_1 | 0.73 | 0.04 | - 5.15 | 0.000 | 0.65 | 0.82 |
Education_2 | 0.53 | 0.09 | - 3.59 | 0.000 | 0.38 | 0.75 |
Person-time | (exposure) |
Effects on anemia among women with recent deliveries
Haemogobin levels | At least one antenatal care visit | No antenatal care visit | Pearson’s chi-squared |
---|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | ||
(Hg ≤ 7g/dl) | 13 (5.6) | 5 (27.8) | p value = 0.000 |
Hg › 7g/dl | 220 (94.4) | 13 (72.2) | |
Total | 233 (100) | 18 (100) | |
Haemogobin levels
| Institutional delivery | Home Delivery | |
N (%) | N (%) | ||
(Hg ≤ 7g/dl) | 3 (2.6) | 15 (11.2) | P value = 0.008 |
Hg › 7g/dl | 114 (97.4) | 119 (88.2) | |
Total | 117 (100) | 134 (100) |