Background
Cancer genetics and epigenetics
Tumor suppressor genes
Promoter methylation down regulates transcription
DNA methylation analysis techniques
Commonly methylated genes in FL
Androgen receptor
SHP1
DAP kinase
Methylated cyclin dependent kinases inhibitors associated with FL transformation
p16
p15
p57
p14 is not commonly methylated
Methylation of genes with developing interest
GSTP1
IL-12R β-2
Snk plk2
GADD45-γ
Annexin 1
Treatment strategies
Hypomethylating agents
Strategies for therapeutic demethylation
Conclusion
Gene | # of Methylated Samples (%) | Method of analysis | Gene function | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Androgen receptor | 25/26 (96) | MSP | Ligand-dependent transcription factor | [11] |
SHP1 | 32/33 (97) | MSP | Inhibits intracellular effects of surface immunoglobulin binding in B lymphocytes | [14, 15] |
Death-associated protein kinase | 25/29 (86) | MSP | Involved in interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and Fas-ligand induced apoptosis | [5, 21] |
p16 | 5/16 (31) | ERP | Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor | [26, 27] |
p15 | 10/27 (37) | ERP | Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor | [27, 35] |
p57 | 8/18 (44) | MSP | Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor | [40] |
GSTP1 | 10/18 (56) | MSP | Detoxify mutagens | [5] |
IL-12 receptor β-2 | 2/2 (100) | MSP | Forms heterodimer with IL-12Rβ1 to form IL-12 receptor | [50] |
Snk/plk2 | 2/4 (50) | MSP | DNA damage response and cell growth arrest | [53] |
GADD45-γ | 1/6 (17) | MSP | DNA damage response and cell growth arrest | [56] |