Introduction
General Techniques
Field Strength Considerations
Stress agents
Contraindications
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Severe systemic arterial hypertension (≥ 220/120 mmHg)
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Unstable angina pectoris
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Significant aortic valve stenosis (Peak aortic valve gradient >50 mmHg or aortic valve area < 1 cm2)
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Complex cardiac arrhythmias including uncontrolled atrial fibrillation
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Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
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Myocarditis, endocarditis, pericarditis
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Uncontrolled congestive heart failure
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Narrow-angle glaucoma
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Myasthenia gravis
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Obstructive uropathy
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Obstructive gastrointestinal disorders
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2nd or 3rd degree atrioventricular (AV) block or sinus node dysfunction
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Systolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg
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Sinus bradycardia (heart rate<40 bpm)
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Active bronchoconstrictive or bronchospastic disease with regular use of inhalors
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Known hypersensitivity to adenosine or regadenoson
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(Side effects are described as less significant with regadenoson than with adenosine, however, the half life of regadenoson is longer)
Patient preparation
Potential adverse effects
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infarction
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ventricular fibrillation
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sustained ventricular tachycardia
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transient heart block
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transient hypotension
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transient sinus tachycardia
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bronchospasm
Stress equipment and safety
Gadolinium dosing module/safety
Indication | Contrast dose (mmol/kg body weight) | Injection rate | Saline chasing bolus | Injection rate |
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Perfusion
| 0.05-0.1 | 3-7 mL/s | 30 mL | 3-7 mL/s |
Late gadolinium enhancement
| 0.1-0.2 | 20 mL | ||
Angiography (carotids, renals, aorta)
| 0.1-0.2 | 2-3 mL/s | 20 mL | 2-3 mL/s |
Time-resolved angiography
| 0.05 | 3-5 mL/s | 30 mL | 3-5 mL/s |
Peripheral angiography
| 0.2 | First 10 mL @ 1.5 mL/s, rest @ 0.4-0.8 mL/s | 20 mL | 0.4-0.8 mL/s |