Introduction
Methods
Region/Country Specific
| Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, additionally each country in sub-Saharan Africa was also searched by name: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe |
Disease/Risk Factor Specific
| Cardiovascular disease/heart disease/heart failure, illness perceptions, stroke, hypertension/high blood pressure, salt intake, diabetes, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia/cholesterol, smoking/tobacco and alcohol/drinking obesity/overweight/body size, physical (in)activity/exercise, diet/nutrition/food/hunger/and stress/mental health/urbanization, access to care, healthcare, culture traditional healer. |
Conditions and Risk Factors
Clinical Risk Factors for CVD
Hypertension
Diabetes mellitus
Dyslipidemia
The Socio-cultural Context of CVD Risk in SSA
Globalization, Socio-economic factors and CVD
Poverty-related stressors
Urbanization
Lifestyle Factors and CVD Risk
Overweight/Obesity
Alcohol, Tobacco and CVD Risk
Systems Level Issues
Government Entities and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction
Access to Care
Traditional Healers and CVD risk
The Intersection of Culture and CVD risks
The role of Family in Cardiovascular Risk Reduction
Food and Culture in Cardiovascular Risk Reduction
Positive | Existential | Negative | |
---|---|---|---|
Perceptions | Food brings families together, & community building | Sharing/Eating together | Salty food tastes better; preparation techniques that remove nutrients or add excess fat |
Enablers | Money to buy food Availability of healthy foods | Cooking together | Lack of money for or access healthy foods. Westernized diet in urban settings. |
Nurturers | Family members support eating of food needed to manage CVD risks | Family members' refusal to eat food that supports CVD health. |