Background
Materials and methods
Ethics statement
Clinical samples
Variables | No. of cases | NQO1 strongly positive cases (%) |
χ
2
| Pvalue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age
| 0.751 | 0.386 | ||
≥50 | 94 | 61 (64.9%) | ||
<50 | 82 | 48 (58.5%) | ||
Menopausal status
| 1.159 | 0.282 | ||
premenopausal | 72 | 48 (66.7%) | ||
Postmenopausal | 104 | 61 (58.7%) | ||
Tumor size
| 3.033 | 0.082 | ||
T1 | 97 | 51 (52.6%) | ||
T2 | 89 | 58 (65.2%) | ||
Histological grade
| 11.298 | 0.004** | ||
Grade-1 | 82 | 40 (48.8%) | ||
Grade-2 | 51 | 37 (72.5%) | ||
Grade-3 | 43 | 32 (74.4%) | ||
Clinical stage
| 7.050 | 0.008** | ||
0-II | 104 | 56 (53.8%) | ||
III-IV | 72 | 53 (73.6%) | ||
LN metastasis
| 7.710 | 0.005** | ||
Absent | 74 | 37 (50.0%) | ||
Presence | 102 | 72 (70.6%) | ||
ER
| 0.614 | 0.423 | ||
Positive | 101 | 60 (59.4%) | ||
Negative | 75 | 49 (65.3%) | ||
PR
| 1.426 | 0.232 | ||
Positive | 103 | 60 (58.3%) | ||
Negative | 73 | 49 (67.1%) | ||
Her2 status
| 5.534 | 0.019* | ||
Positive | 96 | 67 (69.8%) | ||
Negative | 80 | 42 (52.5%) |
Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis
Immunofluorescence (IF) staining analysis
Western blotting
Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR)
Statistical analysis
Results
NQO1 mRNA and protein expression in breast cancers
Diagnosis | No. of cases | Positive cases | Positive cases rates | Strongly positive rates | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
- | + | ++ | +++ | ||||
Breast cancers | 176 | 27 | 40 | 62 | 47 | 84.7%** | 61.9%** |
DCIS | 45 | 22 | 9 | 10 | 4 | 51.1%* | 31.1%* |
Hyperplasia | 22 | 14 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 36.7% | 13.6% |
Adjacent non-tumor | 52 | 36 | 9 | 7 | 0 | 30.8% | 13.5% |
Clinicopathological significance of NQO1 protein overexpression in breast cancers
Association between NQO1 expression and prognosis of breast cancer patients
Factors | B | SE | Wald | HR (95%CI) | Pvalue |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate
| |||||
Age | 0.2650.265 | 0.153 | 2.991 | 1.303 (0.095–1.758) | 0.084 |
Menopausal status | 0.219 | 0.154 | 2.037 | 1.245 (0.921–1.683) | 0.154 |
Tumor size | 0.283 | 0.154 | 3.389 | 1.328 (0.982–1.795) | 0.066 |
Histological grade | 0.218 | 0.099 | 4.843 | 1.244 (1.024–1.510) | 0.028 |
Clinical stage | 1.017 | 0.169 | 36.097 | 2.766 (1.985–3.855) | 0.000 |
LN metastasis | 0.382 | 0.158 | 5.858 | 1.465 (1.075–1.996) | 0.016 |
ER | 0.190 | 0.153 | 1.525 | 1.209 (0.895–1.633) | 0.217 |
PR | 0.114 | 0.154 | 0.548 | 1.121 (0.829–1.515) | 0.459 |
Her2 | 0.550 | 0.155 | 12.600 | 1.733 (1.279–2.437) | 0.000 |
NQO1 | 0.447 | 0.157 | 8.055 | 1.563 (1.148–2.128) | 0.005 |
Multivariate
| |||||
Histological grade | 0.207 | 0.109 | 3.629 | 1.230 (0.994–1.521) | 0.057 |
Clinical stage | 0.906 | 0.175 | 26.929 | 2.475 (1.758–3.485) | 0.000 |
LN metastasis | 0.222 | 0.168 | 1.756 | 1.249 (0.889–1.736) | 0.185 |
Her2 | 0.394 | 0.161 | 5.990 | 1.484 (1.082–2.035) | 0.014 |
NQO1 | 0.372 | 0.181 | 4.216 | 1.450 (1.017–2.067) | 0.040 |