Review
Derivation and selection of hCMEC/D3 cells
The ‘physical barrier’ in hCMEC/D3 cells
Expression of junctional proteins
Restricted permeability to paracellular tracers
Transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER)
The ‘transport’ barrier in hCMEC/D3 cells
Expression, function and regulation of ABC transporters
Influx transporters of the solute carrier family and receptor-mediated transcytosis
The ‘metabolic’ barrier in hCMEC/D3 cells
Drug vectorization and trans-cellular transport
Interactions of immune cells with hCMEC/D3 cells
Response of hCMEC/D3 cells to inflammatory mediators
Leukocyte adhesion to and transmigration across hCMEC/D3 cells
The hCMEC/D3 model for investigating Host-Pathogen Interactions
Retroviruses
Cryptococcus
Meningococcus
Plasmodium falciparum
The hCMEC/D3 model for investigating neurodegenerative diseases
Advantages and limitations of hCMEC/D3 cells
Cell lines | Immortalization procedure | Phenotype/limitations | TEER (Ω.cm2) | LY/sucrose permeability coefficient (10-3cm/min) | Year (first pub) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BB19
| HPV16 E6E7 | Constitutive expression of VCAM-1, CD36 | nd | 1.35 | 1996 | |
HCEC
| SV40T | No permeability characterization | 40±8 | nd | 2000 | [70] |
HBEC-5i
| SV40T | No expression of CD31 | 180±10 | nd | 2006 | [71] |
NKIM-6
| HPV16 E6E7 | No expression of claudin-5 or occludin | 100 | nd | 2007 | [72] |
HBMEC-3
| SV40T | No information available | 245±8 | nd | 2009 | [73] |
TY08
| Temperature-sensitive SV40T | Low level of functional P-gp | 37±5 | Pe(inulin)=1.23 | 2010 | [74] |
HBMEC/ciβ
| Temperature-sensitive SV40T and hTERT | Promising preliminary characterization | nd | 2.6±0.4 | 2012 | [75] |