Background
Methods
The surveillance system - summary overview
Abbreviated search, study selection, and data extraction
Ascertainment of updating signals
Ottawa’s label | Ottawa method |
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Qualitative criteria for potentially invalidating signals
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A1 | Opposing findings: a pivotal* trial or systematic review (or guidelines) including at least one new trial that characterized the treatment in terms opposite to those used earlier |
A2 | Substantial harm: a pivotal trial or systematic review (or guidelines) whose results called into question the use of the treatment based on evidence of harm or that did not proscribe use entirely but did potentially affect clinical decision-making |
A3 | A superior new treatment: a pivotal trial or systematic review (or guidelines) whose results identified another treatment as significantly superior to the one evaluated in the original review, based on efficacy or harm |
Qualitative criteria for signals of major changes
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A4 | Important changes in effectiveness short of ‘opposing findings’ |
A5 | Clinically important expansion of treatment |
A6 | Clinically important caveat |
A7 | Opposing findings from discordant meta-analysis or non-pivotal trial |
Quantitative criteria signals of changes in evidence
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B1 | A change in statistical significance (from nonsignificant to significant) |
B2 | A change in relative effect size of at least 50 percent |
RAND’s label
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RAND method indications for the need for an update
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1 | Original conclusion is still valid and this portion of the original report does not need updating. This conclusion was reached if we found no new evidence or only confirmatory evidence and all responding experts assessed the CER conclusion as still valid, we classified the CER conclusion as still valid |
2 | Original conclusion is possibly out-of-date and this portion of the original report may need updating. This conclusion was reached if we found some new evidence that might change the CER conclusion, and/or a minority of responding experts assessed the CER conclusion as having new evidence that might change the conclusion, then we classified the CER conclusion as possibly out-of-date |
3 | Original conclusion is probably out-of-date and this portion of the original report may need updating. This conclusion was reached if we found substantial new evidence that might change the CER conclusion, and/or a majority of responding experts assessed the CER conclusion as having new evidence that might change the conclusion, then we classified the CER conclusion as probably out-of-date |
4 | Original conclusion is out-of-date. This conclusion was reached if we found new evidence that rendered the CER conclusion out-of-date or no longer applicable; we classified the CER conclusion as out-of-date. Recognizing that our literature searches were limited, we reserved this category only for situations where a limited search would produce prima facie evidence that a conclusion was out-of-date, such as the withdrawal of a drug or surgical device from the market, a black box warning from FDA, and so on |
Clinical content experts
Safety alerts
Determination of updating status for SRs
Assessment of the findings across SRs
Results
Sampling of SRs for assessment
CER title; first author last name (publication date) | Latest search date for CER (across databases) | Number of included studies in CER (total or per KQ) | Period covered by surveillance assessment search | Number of new studies judged as relevant for inclusion in CER |
---|---|---|---|---|
(Journal publication, if available) | Time between search and report release | Time between original searches and update search | ||
Comparative Effectiveness of Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer; Wilt (February 2008) [22] | September 2007 | 436 | January 2007 to March 2012 | 21 |
(Systematic review: association Between Hospital and Surgeon Radical Prostatectomy Volume and Patient Outcomes: A Systematic Review) [35] | 5 months | 54 months | ||
Comparative Effectiveness of Medications to Reduce Risk of Primary Breast Cancer in Women; Nelson (September 2009) [11] | January 2009 | 13 (KQ1,KQ3) | January 2008 to July 2011 | 3 |
(Systematic review: comparative effectiveness of medications to reduce risk for primary breast cancer) [36] | 8 months | 70 (KQ2,KQ3) | 31 months | |
24 (KQ4) | ||||
16 (KQ5) | ||||
Comparative Effectiveness of Core Needle Biopsy and Open Surgical Biopsy for Diagnosis of Breast Lesions; Bruening (December 2009) [10] | September 2009 | 107 (KQ1-2) | January 2008 to September 2011 | 19 |
(Systematic review: comparative effectiveness of core-needle and open surgical biopsy to diagnose breast lesions) [37] | 3 months | NA (KQ3) | 24 months | |
Effectiveness of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (rhGH) in the Treatment of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis; Phung (October 2010) [12] | April 2010 | 26(KQ1-2, KQ4, KQ6-7); 50 (KQ3); 3(KQ5) | January 2010 to August 2011 | 16 |
(Systematic review: recombinant human growth hormone in the treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis) [38] | 6 months | 16 months | ||
Therapies for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders; Warren (April 2011) [13] | May 2010 | 159 | January 2009 to October 2011 | 15 |
(Systematic review: a systematic review of early intensive intervention for autism spectrum disorders) [39] | 11 months | 17 months | ||
Comparative Effectiveness of Traumatic Brain Injury and Depression; | June 2010 | 115 | January 2010 to October 2011 | 29 |
Guillamondegui (April 2011) [15] | 10 months | 16 months | ||
Pain Management Interventions for Hip Fracture; Abou-Setta (May 2011) [14] | December 2010 | 98 | January 2008 to November 2011 | 1 |
(Systematic review: comparative effectiveness of pain management interventions for hip fracture: a systematic review) [40] | 5 months | 11 months | ||
Diagnosis and Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults; Balk (August 2011) [27] | September 2010 | 44 (KQ1); 1 (KQ2); 2 (KQ3); 11 (KQ4); 173 (KQ5); 6 (KQ6); 18 (KQ7) | January 2010 to April 2012 | 35 |
(Systematic review: auto-titrating versus fixed continuous positive airway pressure for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review with meta-analyses) [41] | 11 months | 19 months | ||
Nonpharmacologic Interventions for Treatment-Resistant Depression in Adults; Gaynes (September 2011) [30] | 18 November 2010 | 64 | January 2010 to March 2012 | 9 |
10 months | 16 months | |||
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Effectiveness of Treatment in At-Risk Preschoolers; Long-term Effectiveness in All Ages; and Variability in Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Treatment; Charach (October 2011) [33] | 31 May 2010 | 53 (KQ1); 76 (KQ2); NR (KQ3) | January 2010 to June 2012 | 17 |
17 months | 25 months | |||
Effectiveness of Early Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection; Butler (December 2011) [29] | June 2010 and for KQ3 May 2011 | 13 (KQ1); 36 (KQ2); 13 (KQ3); 40 (KQ4) | January 2010 to June 2012 | 7 |
(Systematic review: comparative effectiveness of Clostridium difficile treatments: a systematic review) [42] | 7 to 18 months | 24 months for KQ 1,2, 4 | ||
13 months for KQ3 | ||||
Noncyclic Chronic Pelvic Pain Therapies for Women: Comparative Effectiveness; Andrews (January 2012) [28] | May 2011 | 23 (KQ1); 7 (KQ2); 0 (KQ3); 17 (KQ4); 0 (KQ5) | May 2011 to July 2012 | 2 |
(Systematic review: systematic review of therapies for noncyclic chronic pelvic pain in women) [43] | 8 months | 14 months | ||
Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 1 to 3: Screening, Monitoring, and Treatment; | January 2011 | 110 | January 2011 to August 2012 | 20 |
Fink (January 2012) [31] | 12 months | 19 months | ||
(Systematic review: screening for, monitoring, and treatment of chronic kidney disease stages 1 to 3: a systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force and for an American College of Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline) [44] | ||||
First and second generation antipsychotics for children and young adults; Seida (February 2012) [32] | February 2011 | 81 | January 2011 to August 2012 | 19 |
(Systematic review: antipsychotics for children and young adults: a comparative effectiveness review) [45] | 12 months | 18 months | ||
Comparative Effectiveness of Management Strategies for Renal Artery Stenosis: 2007 Update; Balk (November 2007) [26] | 23 April 2007 | 8 | October 2006 to June 2012 | 7 |
7 months | 62 months | |||
Comparative Effectiveness of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation; IP (July 2009) [18] | December 2008 | 120 | June 2008 to September 2011 | 33 |
(Systematic review: comparative effectiveness of radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation) [46] | 7 months | 35 months | ||
Comparative Effectiveness of Lipid-Modifying Agents; Sharma (September 2009) [17] | May 2009 | 101 | November 2008 to October 2011 | 20 |
(Systematic review: comparative effectiveness and harms of combination therapy and monotherapy for dyslipidemia) [47] | 4 months | 29 months | ||
Comparative Effectiveness of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Added to Standard Medical Therapy for Treating Stable Ischemic Heart Disease; Coleman (October 2009) [20] | February 2009 | 60 | August 2008 to November 2011 | 12 |
(Systematic review: comparative effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II-receptor blockers for ischemic heart disease) [48] | 8 months | 33 months | ||
Comparative Effectiveness of In-Hospital Use of Recombinant Factor VIIa for Off-Label Indications versus Usual Care; Yank (May 2010) [16] | August 2009 | 74 | February 2009 to January 2012 | 15 |
(Systematic review: benefits and harms of in-hospital use of recombinant factor VIIa for off-label indications) [49] | 9 months | 29 months | ||
Comparative effectiveness and safety of radiotherapy treatments for head and neck cancer; Samson (May 2010) [19] | September 2009 | 108 | March 2009 to August 2011 | 7 |
8 months | 23 months | 15 | ||
Comparative Effectiveness of Nonoperative and Operative Treatments for Rotator Cuff Tears; Sedia (July 2010) [21] | September 2009 | 137 | March 2009 to January 2012 | |
(Systematic review: nonoperative and operative treatments for rotator cuff tears) [50] | 10 months | 28 months | ||
Comparative Effectiveness of Terbutaline Pump for the Prevention of Preterm Birth; Gaudet (September 2011) [23] | April, 2011 | 14 | October 2010 to March 2012 | 0 |
(Systematic review: effectiveness of Terbutaline Pump for the Prevention of Preterm Birth. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) [51] | 5 months | 11 months | ||
Self-Measured Blood Pressure Monitoring: Comparative Effectiveness; Uhlig (January 2012) [24] | 19 July 2011 | 48 (KQ1-2); 1( KQ5) | January 2011 to August 2012 | 1 |
6 months | 0 (KQ 3–4) | 13 months | ||
Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation in the Pediatric Population; Ratko (February 2012) [25] | 17 August 2011 | 251 | February 2011 to September 2012 | 0 |
6 months | 13 months |
Characteristics of SRs
CER title author name (publication date) | Number of conclusions within the key questions in | Updating priority for the CER | |||||||
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CER by updating status | (low, medium, and high) | ||||||||
KQ# | # Conclusions Up-to-date | KQ# | # Conclusions Possibly out-of-date | KQ# | # Conclusions Probably out-of-date | KQ# | # Conclusions Out-of-date | ||
Comparative Effectiveness of Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer; Wilt (February 2008) [22] | 1 | 11/15 | 1 | 2/15 | 1 | 2/15 | High | ||
2 | 1/1 | ||||||||
3 | 3/3 | ||||||||
4 | 1/3 | 4 | 2/3 | ||||||
Comparative Effectiveness of Medications to Reduce Risk of Primary Breast Cancer in Women; Nelson (September 2009) [11] | 1 | 4/6 | 1 | 2/6 | Medium | ||||
2 | 6/7 | 2 | 1/7 | ||||||
3 | 4/5 | 3 | 1/5 | ||||||
4- 5 | 9/9 | ||||||||
Comparative Effectiveness of Core Needle Biopsy and Open Surgical Biopsy for Diagnosis of Breast Lesions; Bruening (December, 2009) [10] | 1 | 10/16 | 1a | 4/16 | 1 | 2/16 | Medium | ||
2 | 3/4 | 2 | 1/4 | ||||||
3 | 1/2 | 3 | 1/2 | ||||||
Effectiveness of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (rhGH) in the Treatment of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis; Phung (October 2010) [12] | 1-7 | 40/40 | Low | ||||||
Therapies for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders; Warren (April 2011) [13] | 1 | 10/14 | 1 | 4/14 | Low | ||||
2 | 2/3 | 2 | 1/3 | ||||||
3-7 | 6/6 | ||||||||
Comparative Effectiveness of Traumatic Brain Injury and Depression; Guillamondegui (April 2011) [15] | 1-6 | 15/15 | Low | ||||||
Pain Management Interventions for Hip Fracture; Abou-Setta (May 2011) [14] | 1 | 7/8 | 1 | 1/8 | Low | ||||
Diagnosis and Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults; Balk (August 2011) [27] | 1 | 3/4 | 1 | 1/4 | Medium | ||||
2 | 1/1 | ||||||||
3 | 1/1 | ||||||||
4 | 1/1 | ||||||||
5 | 14/15 | 5 | 1/15 | ||||||
6 | 1/1 | ||||||||
7 | 1/1 | ||||||||
Nonpharmacologic Interventions for Treatment-Resistant Depression in Adults; Gaynes (September 2011) [30] | 1a | 1/1 | Low | ||||||
1b | 1/1 | ||||||||
2 | 1/1 | ||||||||
3 | 1/1 | ||||||||
4 | 1/1 | ||||||||
5 | 1/1 | ||||||||
6 | 1/1 | ||||||||
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Effectiveness of Treatment in At-Risk Preschoolers; Long-term Effectiveness in all Ages; and Variability in Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Treatment; Charach (October 2011) [33] | 1 | 2/3 | 1 | 1/3 | Low | ||||
2 | 5/6 | 2 | 1/6 | ||||||
3 | 10/12 | 3 | 2/12 | ||||||
Effectiveness of Early Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection; Butler (December 2011) [29] | 1 | 2/3 | 1 | 1/3 | Low | ||||
2 | 6/8 | 2 | 2/8 | ||||||
3 | 6/7 | 3 | 1/7 | ||||||
4 | 4/5 | 4 | 1/5 | ||||||
Noncyclic Chronic Pelvic Pain Therapies for Women: Comparative Effectiveness; Andrews (January 2012) [28] | 1 | 5/5 | Low | ||||||
2 | 6/6 | ||||||||
3 | 1/1 | ||||||||
4 | 6/6 | ||||||||
5 | 1/1 | ||||||||
all | 2/2 | ||||||||
Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 1 to 3: Screening, Monitoring, and Treatment; Fink (January 2012) [31] | 1-6 | 25/25 | Low | ||||||
First and Second Generation Antipsychotics for Children and Young Adults; Seida (February 2012) [32] | 1 | 4/7 | 1 | 2/7 | 1 | 1/7 | Low | ||
2 | 3/3 | ||||||||
3 | 4/4 | ||||||||
4 | 1/1 | ||||||||
Comparative Effectiveness of Management Strategies for Renal Artery Stenosis: 2007 Update; Balk (November 2007) [26] | 1 | 7/15 | 1 | 8/15 | Medium | ||||
2 | 2/3 | 2 | 1/3 | ||||||
3 | 4/4 | ||||||||
Comparative Effectiveness of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation; IP (July 2009) [18] | 1 | 4/4 | Low | ||||||
2 | 3/5 | 2 | 2/5 | ||||||
3 | 3/4 | 3 | 1/4 | ||||||
4 | 6/6 | ||||||||
Comparative Effectiveness of Lipid-Modifying Agents; Sharma (September 2009) [17] | 1 | 3/13 | 1 | 10/13 | High | ||||
2 | 34/48 | 2 | 14/48 | ||||||
3 | 9/25 | 3 | 16/25 | ||||||
Comparative Effectiveness of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Added to Standard Medical Therapy for Treating Stable Ischemic Heart Disease; Coleman (October 2009) [20] | 1 | 6/7 | 1 | 1/7 | Low | ||||
2-6 | 28/28 | ||||||||
7 | 4/4 | ||||||||
Comparative Effectiveness of In-Hospital Use of Recombinant Factor VIIa for Off-Label Indications versus Usual Care; Yank (May 2010) [16] | 2 | 2/3 | 2 | 1/3 | Low | ||||
3a | 7/9 | 3a | 2/9 | ||||||
3b | 3/4 | 3b | 1/4 | ||||||
4a | 1/2 | 4a | 1/2 | ||||||
4b-c | 9/9 | ||||||||
Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Radiotherapy Treatments for Head and Neck Cancer; Samson (May 2010) [19] | 1 | 2/3 | 1 | 1/3 | Medium | ||||
2 | 1/2 | 2 | 1/2 | ||||||
3 | 1/1 | ||||||||
4 | 3/3 | ||||||||
Comparative Effectiveness of Nonoperative and Operative Treatments for Rotator Cuff Tears; Sedia (July 2010) [21] | 1- 6 | 18/18 | Low | ||||||
Comparative Effectiveness of Terbutaline Pump for the Prevention of Preterm Birth; Gaudet (September 2011) [23] | 1-6 | 37/37 | Low | ||||||
Self-Measured Blood Pressure Monitoring: Comparative Effectiveness; Uhlig (January 2012) [24] | 1 | 8/8 | Low | ||||||
2 | 4/4 | ||||||||
3 | 4/4 | ||||||||
4 | 2/2 | ||||||||
5 | 2/2 | ||||||||
Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation in the Pediatric Population; Ratko (February 2012) [25] | 1 | 3/3 | Low | ||||||
2 | 3/3 | ||||||||
3 | 5/5 | ||||||||
4 | 5/5 | ||||||||
5 | 5/5 | ||||||||
6 | 5/5 |