Background
Perioperative management of patients undergoing emergency surgery
Preoperative management
Patient and surgical-related risk identification
Clinical Variable | Canet J et al. 2010 | Gupta H et al. 2011 | Arozullah AM et al. 2000 | LAS VEGAS investig. 2017 | Bauman ZM et al. 2015 [16] | Kor DJ et al. 2011 [15] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patient dependent | ||||||
Age | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Dependent functional status | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
ASA score | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
Impaired sensorium | No | No | Yes | No | No | No |
Cerebrovascular accident | No | No | Yes | No | No | No |
Preoperative SpO2 | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No |
Transfusion > 4 units prior surgery | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No |
Significant weight loss | No | No | Yes | No | No | No |
Preoperative sepsis | No | Yes | No | No | No | No |
Preoperative anaemia | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No |
Blood urea nitrogen level | No | No | Yes | No | No | No |
Recent respiratory infection | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Relevant alcohol intake | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
Smoking before operation | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
Chronic steroid use | No | No | Yes | No | No | No |
Cancer | No | No | No | Yes | No | No |
Obstructive sleep apnoea | No | No | No | Yes | No | No |
Hypoalbuminemia | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Chemotherapy | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes |
Diabetes mellitus | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes |
Acidosis | No | No | No | No | Yes | No |
Obesity | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes |
FiO2 > 0.35 (or > 4 L/min) | No | No | No | No | Yes | No |
Tachypnoea | No | No | No | No | Yes | No |
Sepsis | No | No | No | No | Yes | No |
Aspiration | No | No | No | No | Yes | No |
Shock | No | No | No | No | Yes | No |
High risk trauma | No | No | No | No | Yes | No |
BMI | No | No | No | No | Yes | No |
Amiodarone | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes |
Statins | No | No | No | No | No | Yes |
ACE-I/ARB | No | No | No | No | No | Yes |
Sex | No | No | No | No | No | Yes |
Restrictive lung disease | No | No | No | No | No | Yes |
GERD | No | No | No | No | No | Yes |
Cirrhosis | No | No | No | No | No | Yes |
Procedure dependent | ||||||
Elective or emergency procedure | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Duration of surgery | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Type of surgical procedure | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
Type of anaesthesia | No | No | No | Yes | No | No |
Use of supraglottic device | No | No | No | Yes | No | No |
Desaturation | No | No | No | Yes | No | No |
Need of vasoactive drugs | No | No | No | Yes | No | No |
Mechanical ventilation characteristics | No | No | No | Yes | No | No |
Validation | ||||||
Prospective external validation | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes |