Background
Methods
Study design and population
Data collection
Laboratory testing
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics of Study Population
Having initiated ART | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | Total sample (N=238), n (%) | Yes (N=62), n (%) | No (N=176), n (%) |
P-value |
Age, median (IQR) (year) | 31 (26–37) | 36 (31–42) | 30 (26–35) | <0.001 |
Ethnicity | 0.69 | |||
Han | 224 (94.1) | 59 (95.2) | 165 (93.7) | |
Others | 13 (5.9) | 3 (4.8) | 6.3 (6.3) | |
Marital status | <0.001 | |||
Currently unmarried | 170 (71.4) | 31 (50.0) | 139 (79.0) | |
Currently married | 68 (28.6) | 31 (50.0) | 37 (21.0) | |
Education (year of schooling) | 0.78 | |||
College or above (>12) | 128 (53.8) | 31 (50.0) | 97 (55.1) | |
Senior high school (10–12) | 69 (29.0) | 18 (29.1) | 51 (29.0) | |
Junior high school (7–9) | 34 (14.3) | 11 (17.7) | 23 (13.1) | |
Primary school (<=6) | 7 (2.9) | 2 (3.2) | 5 (2.8) | |
Occupational status | 0.27 | |||
Employed | 178 (74.8) | 47 (75.8) | 131 (74.4) | |
Non-employed/retired | 34 (14.3) | 12 (19.4) | 22 (12.5) | |
Student | 10 (4.2) | 1 (1.6) | 9 (5.1) | |
Other | 16 (6.7) | 2 (3.2) | 14 (8.0) | |
Beijing Hukou
| 0.003 | |||
No | 91 (38.2) | 14 (22.6) | 77 (43.7) | |
Yes | 147 (61.8) | 48 (77.4) | 99 (56.3) | |
Duration of living in Beijing (year) | 0.008 | |||
<5 | 99 (41.6) | 17 (27.4) | 82 (46.6) | |
≥5 | 139 (58.4) | 45 (72.6) | 94 (53.4) | |
Time from HIV infection to survey (month) | 0.001 | |||
<15 | 115 (48.3) | 6 (9.7) | 109 (61.9) | |
≥15 | 123 (51.7) | 56 (90.3) | 67 (38.1) | |
Self-report health condition | 0.91 | |||
Very good/good | 193 (81.1) | 50 (80.6) | 143 (81.3) | |
Somewhat poor/very poor | 45 (18.9) | 12 (19.4) | 33 (18.7) | |
Ever had AIDS-like clinical symptomsa
| 0.02 | |||
No | 177 (74.4) | 39 (62.9) | 138 (78.4) | |
Yes | 61 (25.6) | 23 (37.1) | 38 (21.6) | |
Had unprotected insertive anal sex with men in past 6 months | 0.004 | |||
No | 77 (71.3) | 21 (95.5) | 56 (65.1) | |
Yes | 31 (28.7) | 1 (4.5) | 30 (34.9) | |
Had unprotected receptive anal sex with men in past 6 months | <0.001 | |||
No | 86 (64.7) | 27 (93.1) | 59 (56.7) | |
Yes | 47 (35.3) | 2 (6.9) | 45 (43.6) | |
Had multiple concurrent male partners in past 12 months | 0.60 | |||
No | 211 (90.9) | 57 (93.4) | 154 (90.1) | |
Yes | 21 (9.1) | 4 (6.6) | 17 (9.9) | |
Had commercial sex in past 12 months | 0.52 | |||
No | 220 (94.4) | 60 (96.8) | 160 (93.6) | |
Yes | 13 (5.6) | 2 (3.2) | 11 (6.4) | |
History of sexually transmitted diseases | 0.003 | |||
No | 100 (44.4) | 17 (28.3) | 83 (50.3) | |
Yes | 125 (55.6) | 43 (71.7) | 82 (49.7) | |
Syphilis co-infection | 0.003 | |||
No | 93 (39.1) | 15 (24.2) | 78 (44.3) | |
Yes | 145 (60.9) | 47 (75.8) | 98 (55.7) |
CD4 count <350 cells/μLa
| CD4 count ≥350 cells/μL | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | Total (N=103), n (%) | Initiated ART (N=38), n (%) | Not initiated ART (N=65), n (%) |
P-value | Total (N=135), n (%) | Initiated ART (N=24), n (%) | Not initiated ART (N=111), n (%) |
P-value |
Age (year) | 0.07 | <0.001 | ||||||
Median, IQR | 32 (27–38) | 34 (29–39) | 30 (26–36) | 31 (26–37) | 41 (35–45) | 30 (25–34) | ||
Ethnicity | 1.00 | 0.59 | ||||||
Han | 95 (92.2) | 35 (92.1) | 60 (92.3) | 129 (95.6) | 24 (100.0) | 105 (94.6) | ||
Non-Han | 8 (7.8) | 3 (7.9) | 5 (7.7) | 6 (4.4) | 0 (0) | 6 (5.4) | ||
Marital status | 0.03 | <0.001 | ||||||
Currently unmarried | 68 (66.0) | 20 (52.6) | 48 (73.8) | 102 (75.6) | 11 (45.8) | 91 (82.0) | ||
Currently married | 35 (34.0) | 18 (47.4) | 17 (26.2) | 33 (24.4) | 13 (54.2) | 20 (18.0) | ||
Education (year of schooling) | 0.92 | 0.52 | ||||||
College or above (>12) | 57 (55.3) | 21 (55.2) | 36 (55.4) | 71 (52.6) | 10 (41.7) | 61 (55.0) | ||
Senior high school (10–12) | 24 (23.3) | 8 (21.1) | 16 (24.6) | 45 (33.3) | 10 (41.7) | 35 (31.5) | ||
Junior high school (7–9) | 19 (18.5) | 8 (21.1) | 11 (16.9) | 15 (11.1) | 3 (12.5) | 12 (10.8) | ||
Primary school (≤6) | 3 (2.9) | 1 (2.6) | 2 (3.1) | 4 (3.0) | 1 (4.1) | 3 (2.7) | ||
Occupational status | 0.87 | 0.39 | ||||||
Employed | 81 (78.6) | 31 (81.6) | 50 (76.9) | 97 (71.8) | 16 (66.6) | 81 (73.0) | ||
Non-employed/retired | 15 (14.6) | 5 (13.2) | 10 (15.4) | 19 (14.1) | 7 (29.2) | 12 (10.8) | ||
Student | 2 (1.9) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (1.5) | 8 (5.9) | 0 (0) | 8 (7.2) | ||
Other | 5 (4.9) | 1 (2.6) | 4 (6.2) | 11 (8.2) | 1 (4.2) | 10 (9.0) | ||
Beijing Hukou
| 0.19 | <0.001 | ||||||
No | 39 (37.9) | 11 (28.9) | 28 (43.1) | 52 (38.5) | 3 (12.5) | 49 (44.1) | ||
Yes | 64 (62.1) | 27 (71.1) | 37 (56.9) | 83 (61.5) | 21 (87.5) | 62 (55.9) | ||
Duration of living in Beijing (year) | 0.06 | 0.04 | ||||||
<5 | 45 (43.7) | 12 (31.6) | 33 (50.8) | 54 (40.0) | 5 (20.8) | 49 (44.1) | ||
≥5 | 58 (56.3) | 26 (68.4) | 32 (49.2) | 81 (60.0) | 19 (79.2) | 62 (55.9) | ||
Time from HIV infection to survey (month) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
<15 | 46 (44.7) | 5 (13.2) | 41 (63.1) | 69 (51.1) | 1 (4.2) | 68 (61.3) | ||
≥15 | 57 (55.3) | 33 (86.8) | 24 (36.9) | 66 (48.9) | 23 (95.8) | 43 (38.7) | ||
Self-report health condition | 1.00 | 0.53 | ||||||
Very good/good | 77 (74.8) | 28 (73.7) | 49 (75.4) | 116 (85.9) | 22 (91.7) | 94 (84.7) | ||
Somewhat poor/very poor | 26 (25.4) | 10 (26.3) | 16 (24.6) | 19 (14.1) | 2 (8.3) | 17 (15.3) | ||
Ever had AIDS-like clinical symptomsb
| 0.35 | 0.02 | ||||||
No | 77 (74.8) | 26 (68.4) | 51 (78.5) | 100 (74.1) | 13 (54.2) | 87 (78.4) | ||
Yes | 26 (25.2) | 12 (31.6) | 14 (21.5) | 35 (25.9) | 11 (45.8) | 24 (21.6) | ||
Had unprotected insertive anal sex with men in past 6 months | 0.02 | 0.25 | ||||||
No | 34 (79.1) | 14 (100) | 20 (69.0) | 43 (66.2) | 7 (87.5) | 36 (63.2) | ||
Yes | 9 (20.9) | 0 (0) | 9 (31.0) | 22 (33.8) | 1 (12.5) | 21 (36.8) | ||
Had unprotected receptive anal sex with men in past 6 months | 0.04 | 0.01 | ||||||
No | 43 (75.4) | 16 (94.1) | 27 (67.5) | 43 (56.6) | 11 (91.7) | 32 (50.0) | ||
Yes | 14 (24.6) | 1 (5.9) | 13 (32.5) | 33 (43.4) | 1 (8.3) | 32 (50.0) | ||
Had multiple concurrent male partners in past 12 months | 0.71 | 1.00 | ||||||
No | 93 (93.0) | 36 (94.7) | 57 (91.9) | 118 (89.4) | 21 (91.3) | 97 (89.0) | ||
Yes | 7 (7.0) | 2 (5.3) | 5 (8.1) | 14 (10.6) | 2 (8.7) | 12 (11.0) | ||
Had commercial sex in past 12 months | 1.00 | 0.35 | ||||||
No | 94 (94.0) | 36 (94.7) | 58 (93.6) | 126 (94.7) | 24 (100.0) | 102 (93.6) | ||
Yes | 6 (6.0) | 2 (5.3) | 4 (6.4) | 7 (5.3) | 0 (0) | 7 (6.4) | ||
History of sexually transmitted diseases | 0.30 | 0.003 | ||||||
No | 43 (43.0) | 13 (35.1) | 30 (47.6) | 57 (45.6) | 4 (17.4) | 53 (52.0) | ||
Yes | 57 (57.0) | 24 (64.9) | 33 (52.4) | 68 (54.4) | 19 (82.6) | 49 (48.0) | ||
Syphilis co-infection | 0.03 | 0.11 | ||||||
No | 39 (37.9) | 9 (23.7) | 30 (46.2) | 54 (40.0) | 6 (25.0) | 48 (43.2) | ||
Yes | 64 (62.1) | 29 (76.3) | 35 (53.8) | 81 (60.0) | 18 (75.0) | 63 (56.8) |
Factors associated with ART initiation by CD4 count level
CD4 count <350 cells/μL (n=103)a
| CD4 count ≥350 cells/μL (n=135) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Factors | Initiated ART, % (n=38) | Crude OR (95 % CI) | Adjusted OR (95 % CI) | Initiated ART, % (n=24) | Crude OR (95 % CI) | Adjusted OR (95 % CI) |
Age in years; Median (IQR) | 34 (29–39) | 1.04 (0.99,1.09)* | 1.02 (0.96,1.09) | 41 (35–45) | 1.18 (1.10,1.27)*** | 1.26 (1.11,1.44)*** |
Marital status | ||||||
Currently unmarried | 29.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 10.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Currently married | 51.4 | 2.54 (1.09,5.91)** | 2.50 (1.07, 5.87)** | 39.4 | 5.38 (2.11,13.73)*** | 4.21 (1.60,11.06)*** |
Beijing Hukou
| ||||||
No | 28.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 5.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 42.2 | 1.86 (0.79,4.37)* | 2.02 (0.74,5.50) | 25.3 | 5.53 (1.56,19.63)*** | 4.93 (1.25,19.33)** |
Duration of living in Beijing (year) | ||||||
<5 | 26.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 9.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
≥5 | 44.8 | 2.23 (0.96,5.17)* | 1.91 (0.77, 4.75) | 23.5 | 3.00 (1.05,8.61)** | 1.98 (0.28,14.04) |
Time from HIV infection to survey (month) | ||||||
<15 | 10.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
≥15 | 57.9 | 11.28 (3.88,32.78)*** | 10.71(3.66,31.32)*** | 34.9 | 36.37(4.74,279.22)*** | 22.4(2.79,180.01)*** |
Ever had AIDS-like clinical symptomsb
| ||||||
No | 33.8 | 13.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 46.2 | NS | NS | 31.4 | 3.07 (1.22,7.71)** | 3.97 (1.32,13.96)** |
Had unprotected insertive anal sex with men in past 6 months | ||||||
No | 41.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 16.3 | ||
Yes | 0 | - | - | 4.6 | NS | NS |
Had unprotected receptive anal sex with men in past 6 months | ||||||
No | 37.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 25.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 7.1 | 0.13 (0.02,1.09)* | 0.22 (0.02,2.13) | 3.0 | 0.09 (0.01,0.75)** | 0.11 (0.01,1.40) |
History of sexually transmitted diseases | ||||||
No | 30.2 | 7.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 42.1 | NS | NS | 27.9 | 5.14 (1.63,16.16)*** | 4.93 (1.25,19.43)** |
Syphilis co-infection | ||||||
No | 23.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 11.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 45.3 | 2.76 (1.13,6.74)** | 2.58 (1.04,6.37)** | 22.2 | 2.29 (0.84,6.20)* | 1.39 (0.41,4.72) |