Background
Methods
Participants and data collection
Measures
Demographic data
Physical activity and sedentary behavior
Statistical analyses
Results
Demographic and physical activity of the participants
Overall | Boy | Girl | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
691 | 100.0 | 329 | 47.6 | 362 | 52.4 | ||
Grade level | |||||||
Preschool | 105 | 15.2 | 51 | 15.5 | 54 | 14.9 | |
Lower grades of elementary school | 88 | 12.7 | 36 | 10.9 | 52 | 14.4 | |
Higher grades of elementary school | 136 | 19.7 | 68 | 20.7 | 68 | 18.8 | |
Junior high school | 362 | 52.0 | 174 | 52.9 | 188 | 51.9 | |
Weight status | |||||||
Healthy weight | |||||||
Preschool | 100 | 95.2 | 50 | 98.0 | 50 | 92.6 | |
Lower grades of elementary school | 80 | 90.9 | 34 | 94.4 | 46 | 88.5 | |
Higher grades of elementary school | 115 | 84.5 | 55 | 80.9 | 60 | 88.2 | |
Junior high school | 329 | 90.9 | 158 | 90.8 | 171 | 91.0 | |
Overweight or obese | |||||||
Preschool | 5 | 4.8 | 1 | 2.0 | 4 | 7.4 | |
Lower grades of elementary school | 8 | 9.1 | 2 | 5.6 | 6 | 11.5 | |
Higher grades of elementary school | 21 | 15.4 | 13 | 19.1 | 8 | 11.8 | |
Junior high school | 33 | 9.1 | 16 | 9.2 | 17 | 9.0 | |
Sedentary behavior, min/day | |||||||
Mean ± SD | 441.4 ± 140.1 | 408.6 ± 122.2 | 471.3 ± 148.5 | ||||
Light intensity physical activity, min/day | |||||||
Mean ± SD | 307.1 ± 70.0 | 315.3 ± 67.4 | 299.7 ± 71.6 | ||||
Moderate physical activity, min/day | |||||||
Mean ± SD | 34.6 ± 14.8 | 35.8 ± 15.3 | 33.5 ± 14.2 | ||||
Vigorous physical activity, min/day | |||||||
Mean ± SD | 28.3 ± 19.1 | 31.4 ± 22.0 | 25.4 ± 15.4 | ||||
Steps/day | |||||||
Mean ± SD | 12462.6 ± 4452.5 | 14010.6 ± 4628.2 | 11048.7 ± 3771.4 | ||||
Wearing time/day | |||||||
Mean ± SD | 811.2 ± 118.7 | 790.9 ± 107.7 | 829.7 ± 125.3 | ||||
Expressed as a percentage of the wear time, % | |||||||
Sedentary activity | 53.7 | 51.2 | 56.0 | ||||
Light intensity physical activity | 38.4 | 40.2 | 36.7 | ||||
Moderate physical activity | 4.3 | 4.6 | 4.1 | ||||
Vigorous physical activity | 3.6 | 4.0 | 3.1 |
Differences in physical activity levels by gender and school grade
Sedentary behavior (minutes/day) | Light physical activiy (minutes/day) | Moderate physical activity (minutes/day) | Vigorous physical activity (minutes/day) | Steps (steps/day) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls | ||||
Weekdays | |||||||||||||
Preschool | means | 326.5 | 339.6 | 413.0 | 402.4 | 37.2 | 36.8 | 41.0 | 38.8 | 16552.9 | 14415.9 | ||
95 % CI | lower | 309.8 | 323.3 | 399.1 | 389.0 | 33.7 | 33.4 | 36.0 | 34.0 | 15479.0 | 13370.9 | ||
upper | 343.3 | 356.0 | 426.8 | 415.9 | 40.7 | 40.2 | 46.0 | 43.7 | 17626.8 | 15460.8 | |||
Lower grades of elementary school | means | 372.9 | 397.5 | 347.2 | 338.0 | 52.7 | 44.6 | 44.9 | 37.6 | 17757.4 | 13737.0 | ||
95 % CI | lower | 353.0 | 381.0 | 330.9 | 324.4 | 48.6 | 41.1 | 39.0 | 32.7 | 16489.0 | 12681.9 | ||
upper | 392.7 | 414.0 | 363.6 | 351.6 | 56.9 | 48.0 | 50.8 | 42.5 | 19025.8 | 14792.1 | |||
Higher grades of elementary school | means | 411.5 | 429.5 | 324.9 | 310.8 | 53.2 | 48.1 | 28.1 | 29.4 | 15540.2 | 13515.8 | ||
95 % CI | lower | 397.0 | 414.9 | 312.9 | 298.8 | 50.2 | 45.1 | 23.8 | 25.0 | 14612.3 | 12586.2 | ||
upper | 426.0 | 444.0 | 336.9 | 322.8 | 56.2 | 51.1 | 32.4 | 33.7 | 16468.0 | 14445.5 | |||
Junior high school | means | 474.8 | 519.9 | 286.2 | 251.8 | 27.5 | 26.9 | 29.2 | 19.6 | 12616.3 | 9199.2 | ||
95 % CI | lower | 465.7 | 510.9 | 278.7 | 244.4 | 25.6 | 25.0 | 26.5 | 16.9 | 12034.4 | 8622.5 | ||
upper | 483.9 | 528.9 | 293.7 | 259.2 | 29.4 | 28.8 | 32.0 | 22.3 | 13198.2 | 9775.8 | |||
Main effects | Gender | F | 21.8 | 14.8 | 10.1 | 7.7 | 70.8 | ||||||
df | 1686 | 1686 | 1686 | 1682 | 1686 | ||||||||
P value | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | ||||||||
η2 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.09 | ||||||||
Grade | F | 232.8 | 216.9 | 144.5 | 32.0 | 67.9 | |||||||
df | 3686 | 3686 | 3686 | 3682 | 3686 | ||||||||
P value | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||
η2 | 0.51 | 0.49 | 0.39 | 0.13 | 0.23 | ||||||||
Interaction | Gender × Grade | F | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 2.0 | ||||||
df | 3686 | 3686 | 3686 | 3682 | 3686 | ||||||||
P value | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.12 | ||||||||
η2 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||||
Weekends | |||||||||||||
Preschool | means | 359.0 | 385.5 | 396.9 | 377.1 | 29.1 | 29.1 | 29.0 | 22.7 | 12762.5 | 11151.4 | ||
95 % CI | lower | 330.1 | 356.5 | 372.9 | 353.0 | 23.5 | 23.5 | 23.2 | 16.7 | 11226.3 | 9609.8 | ||
upper | 387.9 | 414.5 | 420.9 | 401.2 | 34.7 | 34.7 | 34.9 | 28.6 | 14298.7 | 12693.0 | |||
Lower grades of elementary school | means | 413.3 | 412.2 | 325.6 | 351.8 | 34.6 | 28.5 | 40.5 | 22.0 | 14014.2 | 9995.5 | ||
95 % CI | lower | 376.5 | 383.8 | 295.1 | 328.2 | 27.5 | 23.0 | 33.1 | 16.2 | 12061.0 | 8485.2 | ||
upper | 450.0 | 440.6 | 356.1 | 375.4 | 41.7 | 34.0 | 47.9 | 27.8 | 15967.4 | 11505.8 | |||
Higher grades of elementary school | means | 459.6 | 451.3 | 303.2 | 316.0 | 33.9 | 26.8 | 17.3 | 22.1 | 9924.6 | 9238.4 | ||
95 % CI | lower | 427.3 | 422.6 | 276.4 | 292.1 | 27.7 | 21.2 | 10.8 | 16.1 | 8204.3 | 7711.4 | ||
upper | 492.0 | 480.0 | 330.1 | 339.8 | 40.2 | 32.4 | 23.9 | 28.1 | 11644.8 | 10765.4 | |||
Junior high school | means | 461.1 | 520.7 | 301.7 | 252.4 | 34.6 | 26.0 | 18.0 | 17.0 | 12393.2 | 8359.6 | ||
95 % CI | lower | 438.0 | 502.5 | 282.6 | 237.3 | 30.1 | 22.5 | 13.2 | 13.1 | 11165.2 | 7395.3 | ||
upper | 484.2 | 538.8 | 320.9 | 267.4 | 39.0 | 29.5 | 22.9 | 20.9 | 13621.2 | 9324.0 | |||
Main effects | Gender | F | 3.5 | 0.8 | 7.6 | 6.4 | 22.6 | ||||||
df | 1427 | 1427 | 1426 | 1405 | 1427 | ||||||||
P value | 0.06 | 0.37 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | ||||||||
η2 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.05 | ||||||||
Grade | F | 29.8 | 35.4 | 0.2 | 8.7 | 4.4 | |||||||
df | 3427 | 3427 | 3426 | 3405 | 3427 | ||||||||
P value | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.88 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||
η2 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.03 | ||||||||
Interaction | Gender × Grade | F | 2.9 | 4.8 | 1.0 | 4.7 | 2.6 | ||||||
df | 3427 | 3427 | 3426 | 3405 | 3427 | ||||||||
P value | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.38 | 0.00 | 0.05 | ||||||||
η2 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
Attainment of Physical activity guidelines by gender and grade level
% meeting guideline | OR | 95 % CI | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Boys | 59.0 | 2.07 | 1.45 | 2.96 |
Girls | 46.5 | 1.00 | |||
Grade level | Preschool | 72.4 | 6.66 | 4.01 | 11.06 |
Lower grades of elementary school | 86.4 | 17.11 | 8.80 | 33.27 | |
Higher grades of elementary school | 75.0 | 7.49 | 4.71 | 11.92 | |
Junior high school | 30.0 | 1.00 |