Background
Methods
Eligibility criteria
Participants
Intervention (exposure)
Comparator
Outcome
Study design
Information sources
Literature search
Study selection process
Data items and collection process
Risk of bias in individual studies
Summary measures
Synthesis of the results
Results
Study selection
Study characteristics
Study, author/year | Study design | Country (HDI a) | Event | Year | Outcomes | N |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amstadter et al. 2009 [24] | Cohort | Vietnam (medium) | Storm, Typhoon Xangsane | 2006 | PTSD, MDD, GAD | 797 |
Bich et al. 2011 [42] | Cross sectional | Vietnam (medium) | Flood | 2008 | Injury | 871 |
Biswas et al. 2010 [43] | Cross sectional | Bangladesh (low) | Flood | 2007 | Injury | 638 women |
Caldera et al. 2001 [26] | Cross sectional | Nicaragua (medium) | Storm, Hurricane Mitch | 1998 | PTSD | 496 |
Goenjian et al. 2001 [25] | Cross sectional | Nicaragua (medium) | Storm, Hurricane Mitch | 1998 | PTSD, Depression | 158 students |
Huang et al. 2010 [27] | Cross sectional | China (medium) | Flood | 1998 | PTSD | 25,478 |
Kar et al. 2004 [33] | Cross sectional | India (medium) | Storm, super-cyclone | 1999 | PTSD, Anxiety, Depression | 540 |
Kar & Bastia 2006 [34] | Cross sectional | India (medium) | Storm, super-cyclone | 1999 | PTSD, MDD, GAD | 108 students |
Kar et al. 2007 [30] | Cross sectional | India (medium) | Storm, super-cyclone | 1999 | PTSD | 447 students |
Kohn et al. 2005 [44] | Cross sectional | Honduras (medium) | Storm, Hurricane Mitch | 1998 | PTSD, Depression | 800 |
Norris et al. 2006 [28] | Cross sectional | Mexico (high) | Flood due to storm | 1999 | PTSD | 666 |
Patrick & Patrick 1981 [38] | Cross sectional | Sri Lanka (high) | Storm, cyclone | 1978 | Anxiety, Depression | 171 |
Simeon et al. 1993 [37] | Cohort | Jamaica (high) | Storm, Hurricane Gilbert | 1988 | Injury | 125 children |
Sjöberg & Yearwood 2007 [45] | Cross sectional | Grenada (high) | Storm, Hurricane Ivan | 2004 | Injury | 185 |
Sugimoto et al. 2011 [32] | Cohort | Bangladesh (low) | Storm, tornado | 2005 | Injury | 35,225 |
Wu et al. 2011 [29] | Cross sectional | China (medium) | Storm, snowstorm | 2008 | PTSD | 968 students |
Xu et al. 2012 [31] | Cross sectional | China (medium) | Storm, snowstorm | 2008 | Injury | 3169 |
Risk of bias within studies
Effects of the exposure
Study (author/year) | Country (HDIa) | Event/year | N | Assessment tool | Time point measured | PTSD prevalence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cross sectional studies | ||||||
Caldera et al. 2001 [26] | Nicaragua (medium) | Storm, Hurricane Mitch, 1998 | 496 | Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) | 6 months post | 5.8 % |
Goenjian et al. 2001 [25] | Nicaragua (medium) | Storm, Hurricane Mitch, 1998 | 158 students | Child Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index (CPTS-RI) | 6 months post | 90 %, 55 %, 14 %b |
Huang et al. 2010 [27] | China (medium) | Flood, 1998 | 25,478 | Questionnaire | 24 months post | 9.2 % |
Kar et al. 2004 [33] | India (medium) | Storm, super-cyclone, 1999 | 540 | Post traumatic symptom scale (PSS) & Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) | 5 months post | 44.3 % |
Kar & Bastia 2006 [34] | India (medium) | Storm, super-cyclone, 1999 | 108 students | Clinical examination & Mini international Neuropsychiatric Interview for children/adolescents (MINI-KID) | 14 months post | 26.9 % |
Kar et al. 2007 [30] | India (medium) | Storm, super-cyclone, 1999 | 447 students | Clinical examination & ICD-10-symptom check-list & semi-structured questionnaire | 12 months post | 30.6 % |
Kohn et al. 2005 [44] | Honduras (medium) | Storm, Hurricane Mitch, 1998 | 800 | Composite International Diagnostic Interview Schedule (CIDI); Impact of Event Scale (IES) | 2 months post | 8.9 %, 11.6 %, 13.6 %c |
Norris et al. 2006 [28] | Mexico (high) | Flood due to storm, 1999 | 666 | Modified version of CIDI | 6 months post | 24 % |
Wu et al. 2011 [29] | China (medium) | Storm, snowstorm, 2008 | 968 students | IES (revised version) | 3 months post | 14.5 % |
Cohort study | ||||||
Amstadter et al. 2009 [24] | Vietnam (medium) | Storm, Typhoon Xangsan, 2006 | 797 | Pre: SRQ; Post: National Women’s Study PTSD Module | 3 months post | 2.6 % |
Study (author/year) | Country (HDIa) | Event/year | N | Assessment tool | Time point measured | Injury prevalence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cross sectional studies | ||||||
Bich et al. 2011 [42] | Vietnam (medium) | Flood, 2008 | 871 | Structured interview & data of MICRODIS household survey | 1 month post | Exposed: 2.4 %; Control: 0.7 % |
Biswas et al. 2010 [43] | Bangladesh (low) | Flood, 2007 | 638 women | Face to face interview, semi-structured questionnaire | Few days post | 18 % |
Sjöberg & Yearwood 2007 [45] | Grenada (high) | Storm, Hurricane Ivan, 2004 | 185 | Hospital records | 1 month post | 35.7 % (women, n = 16, men, n = 50) |
Xu et al. 2012 [31] | China (medium) | Storm, snowstorm, 2008 | 3169 | Structured questionnaire | Few days post | 37.9 % |
Cohort studies | ||||||
Simeon et al. 1993 [37] | Jamaica (high) | Storm, Hurricane Gilbert, 1988 | 125 children | Structured questionnaire | 2–4 months post | Exposed: 1.7 %, 1.8 %, 2.4 % b; Control: 1.3 %, 2.1 %c |
Sugimoto et al. 2011 [32] | Bangladesh (low) | Storm, tornado, 2005 | 35,225 | Interview | 4 months post | 10.5 % |
Study, author/year | Country (HDIa) | Event/year | N | Assessment tool | Time point measured | Anxiety prevalence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cross sectional studies | ||||||
Kar et al. 2004 [33] | India (medium) | Storm, super-cyclone, 1999 | 540 | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) & SRQ | 5 months post | 57.5 % |
Kar & Bastia 2006 [34] | India (medium) | Storm, super-cyclone, 1999 | 108 students | Clinical examination & MINI-KID | 14 months post | 12 % |
Patrick & Patrick 1981 [38] | Sri Lanka (high) | Storm, cyclone, 1978 | 171 | Cornell Medical Index Health Questionnaire (CMI) | 1 month post | 84 % |
Cohort study | ||||||
Amstadter et al. 2009 [24] | Vietnam (medium) | Storm, Typhoon Xangsan, 2006 | 797 | Pre: SRQ; Post: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (modified) | 3 months post | 2.2 % |
Study (author/year) | Country (HDI a) | Event/year | N | Assessment tool | Time point measured | Depression prevalence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cross sectional studies | ||||||
Goenjian et al. 2001 [25] | Nicaragua (medium) | Storm, Hurricane Mitch, 1998 | 158 students | Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS) | 6 months post | 81 %, 51 %, 29 %b |
Kar et al. 2004 [33] | India (medium) | Storm, super-cyclone, 1999 | 540 | HADS & SRQ | 5 months post | 52.7 % |
Kar & Bastia 2006 [34] | India (medium) | Storm, super-cyclone, 1999 | 108 students | Clinical examination & MINI-KID | 14 months post | 17.6 % |
Kohn et al. 2005 [44] | Honduras (medium) | Storm, Hurricane Mitch, 1998 | 800 | DSM-IV/ICD-10 Symptom checklist | 2 months post | 19.7 %, 17.7 %, 18.8 %c |
Patrick & Patrick 1981 [38] | Sri Lanka (high) | Storm, cyclone, 1978 | 171 | CMI | 1 month post | 41 % |
Cohort study | ||||||
Amstadter et al. 2009 [24] | Vietnam (medium) | Storm, Typhoon Xangsan, 2006 | 797 | Pre: SRQ; Post: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV | 3 months post | 5.9 % |
Discussion
PTSD
Injury
Anxiety disorder
Depressive disorder
Research in developing countries
Continent | Occurrence | Persons dead | Persons injured | Persons homeless | Total damage (in 1,000 USD) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Africa | 1,422 | 879,837 | 42,786 | 7,694,237 | 14,338,143 |
Americas | 2,591 | 237,128 | 1,935,341 | 7,331,807 | 837,539,590 |
Asia | 3,925 | 17,784,181 | 2,590,169 | 128,323,963 | 643,657,316 |
Europe | 1,307 | 1,373,994 | 53,501 | 1,967,437 | 270,889,910 |
Oceania | 463 | 4,175 | 6,562 | 374,990 | 45,846,105 |