Background
Methods
The Cohorte Lausannoise (CoLaus) study.
Socio-demographic and anthropometric data
Physical activity assessment
Dietary assessment
Exclusion criteria
Statistical analysis
Result
Selection procedure and characteristics of participants
Dietary patterns
Food group | Item | Meat & fries | Fruits & vegetables | Fatty & sugary |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dairy | Full fat or semi-skimmed dairy products | −0.076 | 0.074 | 0.207 |
Low fat dairy products | 0.007 | 0.166 | −0.124 | |
Whole milk cheese | −0.035 | 0.091 | 0.259 | |
Bread and cereals | White bread | 0.091 | −0.137 | 0.297 |
Wholemeal bread | −0.092 | 0.258 | −0.008 | |
Breakfast cereals | −0.091 | 0.195 | −0.030 | |
Toasts, crackers | −0.024 | 0.125 | −0.024 | |
Meat | Red meat |
0.421
| 0.008 | 0.015 |
Poultry |
0.389
| 0.104 | −0.098 | |
Processed meat |
0.423
| −0.039 | 0.047 | |
Liver |
0.419
| 0.054 | −0.099 | |
Fish | Oily fish | 0.118 | 0.240 | −0.148 |
Canned or fried fish | 0.151 | 0.106 | 0.017 | |
Lean fish & seafood | 0.069 | 0.287 | −0.116 | |
Vegetables | Vegetables | 0.154 |
0.366
| 0.004 |
Boiled potatoes | 0.091 | 0.179 | 0.120 | |
French fries |
0.344
| −0.135 | 0.063 | |
Pasta, other | Sauces (any) | 0.041 | 0.242 | 0.116 |
Cafeteria foods | 0.138 | −0.032 | 0.223 | |
Starchy foods | 0.108 | 0.142 | 0.159 | |
Eggs | 0.045 | 0.160 | 0.074 | |
Tofu | −0.049 | 0.147 | −0.030 | |
Fruit | Fresh fruit or juice | −0.085 |
0.358
| 0.044 |
Canned fruit | 0.031 | 0.044 | 0.126 | |
Fats | Low-cal fat products | −0.013 | 0.096 | 0.010 |
Hard fats | −0.004 | 0.026 |
0.374
| |
Olive oil | −0.043 | 0.269 | 0.093 | |
Other vegetable oils | 0.037 | 0.090 | 0.201 | |
Pastries and sweets | Bakery | −0.010 | −0.029 |
0.345
|
Chocolate | −0.086 | 0.022 |
0.447
| |
Sugar substitutes | −0.005 | 0.078 | −0.083 | |
Vitamins, supplements | Vitamin supplements | −0.047 | 0.116 | −0.034 |
Other supplements | −0.040 | 0.118 | −0.106 | |
Drinks | Sodas | 0.101 | −0.061 | 0.206 |
Tea & coffee | −0.106 | 0.170 | 0.141 | |
Water | −0.040 | 0.176 | 0.007 | |
Alcoholic drinks | 0.100 | −0.154 | 0.081 | |
% variance explained | 8.1 | 7.2 | 5.6 |
Factors associated with dietary patterns
Meat & fries | Fruits & vegetables | Fatty & sugary | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1–4 | Q5 | Q1–4 | Q5 | Q1–4 | Q5 | |
Gender | ||||||
Woman | 2034 (86.2) | 325 (13.8) | 1742 (73.8) | 617 (26.2) | 1952 (82.8) | 407 (17.3) |
Man | 1465 (72.7) | 549 (27.3) | 1757 (87.2) | 257 (12.8) | 1547 (76.8) | 467 (23.2) |
p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
Age group (years) | ||||||
40–49 | 961 (75.1) | 318 (24.9) | 1057 (82.6) | 222 (17.4) | 1018 (79.6) | 261 (20.4) |
50–59 | 1050 (78.0) | 297 (22.0) | 1082 (80.3) | 265 (19.7) | 1072 (79.6) | 275 (20.4) |
60–69 | 991 (85.1) | 173 (14.9) | 888 (76.3) | 276 (23.7) | 964 (82.8) | 200 (17.2) |
70–79 | 497 (85.3) | 86 (14.7) | 472 (81.0) | 111 (19.0) | 445 (76.3) | 138 (23.7) |
p-value | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.012 | |||
Country of birth | ||||||
Switzerland | 2387 (83.9) | 458 (16.1) | 2329 (81.9) | 516 (18.1) | 2286 (80.3) | 559 (19.7) |
France | 222 (76.6) | 68 (23.5) | 225 (77.6) | 65 (22.4) | 215 (74.1) | 75 (25.9) |
Italy | 173 (81.6) | 39 (18.4) | 173 (81.6) | 39 (18.4) | 167 (78.8) | 45 (21.2) |
Portugal | 108 (54.0) | 92 (46.0) | 145 (72.5) | 55 (27.5) | 163 (81.5) | 37 (18.5) |
Spain | 85 (63.4) | 49 (36.6) | 101 (75.4) | 33 (24.6) | 110 (82.1) | 24 (17.9) |
Other | 524 (75.7) | 168 (24.3) | 526 (76.0) | 166 (24.0) | 558 (80.6) | 134 (19.4) |
p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.188 | |||
Education | ||||||
University | 787 (80.1) | 195 (19.9) | 745 (75.9) | 237 (24.1) | 789 (80.4) | 193 (19.7) |
High school | 952 (81.7) | 214 (18.3) | 914 (78.4) | 252 (21.6) | 940 (80.6) | 226 (19.4) |
Apprenticeship | 1279 (81.9) | 282 (18.1) | 1311 (84.0) | 250 (16.0) | 1241 (79.5) | 320 (20.5) |
Primary | 481 (72.4) | 183 (27.6) | 529 (79.7) | 135 (20.3) | 529 (79.7) | 135 (20.3) |
p-value | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.887 | |||
Smoking status | ||||||
Never | 1457 (80.6) | 350 (19.4) | 1410 (78.0) | 397 (22.0) | 1480 (81.9) | 327 (18.1) |
Former | 1354 (81.4) | 309 (18.6) | 1299 (78.1) | 364 (21.9) | 1321 (79.4) | 342 (20.6) |
Current | 688 (76.2) | 215 (23.8) | 790 (87.5) | 113 (12.5) | 698 (77.3) | 205 (22.7) |
p-value | 0.005 | < 0.001 | 0.014 | |||
On a diet | ||||||
No | 2361 (78.9) | 632 (21.1) | 2478 (82.8) | 515 (17.2) | 2319 (77.5) | 674 (22.5) |
Yes | 1138 (82.5) | 242 (17.5) | 1021 (74) | 359 (26) | 1180 (85.5) | 200 (14.5) |
p-value | 0.006 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
BMI categories | ||||||
Normal | 1657 (83.7) | 322 (16.3) | 1549 (78.3) | 430 (21.7) | 1555 (78.6) | 424 (21.4) |
Overweight | 1305 (77.5) | 378 (22.5) | 1368 (81.3) | 315 (18.7) | 1345 (79.9) | 338 (20.1) |
Obese | 537 (75.5) | 174 (24.5) | 582 (81.9) | 129 (18.1) | 599 (84.3) | 112 (15.8) |
p-value | < 0.001 | 0.031 | 0.005 | |||
Sedentary | ||||||
No | 1379 (81.2) | 319 (18.8) | 1317 (77.6) | 381 (22.4) | 1362 (80.2) | 336 (19.8) |
Yes | 1778 (79.4) | 461 (20.6) | 1814 (81.0) | 425 (19.0) | 1772 (79.1) | 467 (20.9) |
p-value | 0.160 | 0.008 | 0.409 |
Meat & fries | Fruits & vegetables | Fatty & sugary | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
Woman | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
Man | 1.89 (1.64–2.19) | 0.48 (0.42–0.56) | 1.37 (1.19–1.57) |
p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Age group | |||
40–49 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
50–59 | 0.92 (0.78–1.08) | 1.15 (0.96–1.38) | 1.03 (0.87–1.22) |
60–69 | 0.71 (0.59–0.87) | 1.36 (1.13–1.64) | 0.93 (0.77–1.13) |
70–79 | 0.71 (0.55–0.91) | 1.15 (0.91–1.47) | 1.28 (1.03–1.58) |
p-value for trend
| 0.001 | 0.116 | 0.072 |
Country of birth | |||
Switzerland | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
France | 1.51 (1.16–1.95) ** | 1.07 (0.83–1.40) | 1.39 (1.09–1.77) ** |
Italy | 0.98 (0.70–1.36) | 1.19 (0.85–1.65) | 1.04 (0.76–1.42) |
Portugal | 2.04 (1.56–2.67) *** | 2.05 (1.49–2.80) *** | 0.90 (0.62–1.30) |
Spain | 1.93 (1.42–2.63) *** | 1.50 (1.05–2.16) * | 0.92 (0.60–1.39) |
Other | 1.52 (1.26–1.83) *** | 1.13 (0.94–1.35) | 1.09 (0.90–1.33) |
Education | |||
University | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
High school | 1.00 (0.82–1.22) | 0.81 (0.68–0.97) | 1.06 (0.87–1.29) |
Apprenticeship | 1.07 (0.88–1.30) | 0.61 (0.50–0.74) | 1.15 (0.96–1.39) |
Primary | 1.26 (0.99–1.60) | 0.61 (0.48–0.78) | 1.22 (0.96–1.57) |
p-value for trend
| 0.045 | < 0.001 | 0.077 |
Smoking status | |||
Never | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
Former | 0.92 (0.79–1.07) | 1.08 (0.93–1.25) | 1.13 (0.97–1.31) |
Current | 1.13 (0.95–1.34) | 0.64 (0.52–0.79) | 1.19 (0.99–1.41) |
p-value for trend
| 0.162 | < 0.001 | 0.059 |
On a diet | |||
No | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
Yes | 0.85 (0.73–0.99) | 1.44 (1.25–1.65) | 0.66 (0.56–0.78) |
p-value | 0.032 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
BMI categories | |||
Normal | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
Overweight | 1.21 (1.03–1.41) | 0.94 (0.81–1.10) | 0.89 (0.77–1.03) |
Obese | 1.43 (1.18–1.74) | 0.85 (0.69–1.04) | 0.74 (0.60–0.92) |
p-value for trend
| < 0.001 | 0.120 | 0.006 |