Background
Methods
Study sites
Enrolment criteria
Clinical assessment
Sample collection and transport
Laboratory procedures
Statistical analysis
Ethics
Results
Site wise hospitalization due to rotavirus associated diarrhoea
Site | Number of children enrolled | Number of children excluded | Number of children in final analysis | ELISA positive for rotavirus |
---|---|---|---|---|
Vellore | 1403 | 66 (4.7%) | 1337 (95.3%) | 392 (29.3%, 392/1337)) |
Kolenchery | 1109 | 210 (18.9%) | 899 (81.1%) | 389 (43.3%, 389/899) |
Trichy | 624 | 63 (10.1%) | 561 (89.9%) | 277 (49.4%, 277/561) |
Ludhiana | 696 | 127 (18.2%) | 569 (81.8%) | 213 (37.4%, 213/569) |
Hyderabad | 670 | 7 (1%) | 663 (99%) | 164 (24.7%, 164/663) |
New Delhi | 1258 | 237 (18.8%) | 1021 (81.2%) | 450 (44.1%, 450/1021) |
Tirupati | 816 | 32 (3.9%) | 784 (96.1%) | 184 (23.5%, 184/784) |
Total | 6576 | 742 (11.3%) | 5834 (88.7%) | 2069 (35.5%, 2069/5834) |
Characteristics of rotavirus-infected and uninfected children hospitalized with diarrhoea
Variable | Rotavirus positive (N = 2069) | Rotavirus negative (N = 3765) | p value |
---|---|---|---|
Male | 1304 (63.0%) | 2339 (62.1%) | 0.52 |
Age, mean months ± SD | 15.02 ± 11.2 | 14.93 ± 12.5 | 0.8 |
Age group distribution | |||
< 1 year (0–11 months) | 992 (47.9%) | 1924 (51.1%) | 0.02 |
1 year to < 2 years (12–23 months) | 693 (33.5%) | 1051 (27.9%) | < 0.001 |
2 years to <5 years (24–59 months) | 384 (18.6%) | 790 (21%) | 0.03 |
Duration of hospital stay in days, mean ± SD | 3.2 ± 2.2 | 3.4 ± 2.9 | < 0.001 |
Temperature | 1273 (61.5%) | 2360 (62.7%) | 0.38 |
Vomiting | 1574 (76.1%) | 2490 (66.15%) | < 0.001 |
Vesikari score, mean ± SD | 11.1 ± 2.8 | 10.6 ± 3.0 | < 0.001 |
Disease severity by Vesikari score | |||
Mild (1–5) | 83 (4.01%) | 186 (4.94%) | 0.11 |
Moderate (6–10) | 685 (33.1%) | 1532 (40.6%) | < 0.001 |
Severe (11–15) | 1251 (60.4%) | 1947 (51.7%) | < 0.001 |
Very severe (16–20) | 50 (2.4%) | 100 (2.6%) | 0.58 |
G and P typing at 7 surveillance sites from 2012 to 2016
Vellore | Kolenchery | Trichy | Ludhiana | Hyderabad | New Delhi | Tirupati | Total | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
G1P[4] | 2 | 0.5 | 4 | 1.0 | 3 | 1.1 | – | – | 2 | 1.3 | 4 | 0.9 | 3 | 1.7 | 18 | 0.9 |
G1P[6] | 7 | 1.8 | 3 | 0.8 | 8 | 2.9 | 3 | 1.5 | 1 | 0.7 | 21 | 4.8 | 2 | 1.1 | 45 | 2.2 |
G1P[8] | 238 | 62.6 | 189 | 49.3 | 179 | 65.6 | 54 | 26.6 | 64 | 41.8 | 177 | 40.4 | 101 | 56.1 | 1002 | 49.9 |
G2P[4] | 32 | 8.4 | 21 | 5.5 | 23 | 8.4 | 37 | 18.2 | 36 | 23.5 | 35 | 8.0 | 12 | 6.7 | 196 | 9.8 |
G2P[6] | – | – | 5 | 1.3 | – | – | 5 | 2.5 | – | – | 12 | 2.7 | 1 | 0.6 | 23 | 1.1 |
G2P[8] | 1 | 0.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0.05 |
G3P[4] | – | – | 1 | 0.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.6 | 4 | 0.2 |
G3P[6] | – | – | 1 | 0.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0.05 |
G3P[8] | 4 | 1.1 | 2 | 0.5 | 9 | 3.3 | 11 | 5.4 | 3 | 2.0 | 27 | 6.2 | 2 | 1.1 | 58 | 2.9 |
G4P[6] | – | – | 1 | 0.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0.05 |
G9P[4] | 31 | 8.2 | 25 | 6.5 | 16 | 5.9 | 32 | 15.8 | 9 | 5.9 | 41 | 9.4 | 23 | 12.8 | 177 | 8.8 |
G9P[6] | 1 | 0.3 | 3 | 0.8 | – | – | 11 | 5.4 | – | – | 4 | 0.9 | – | – | 19 | 0.9 |
G9P[8] | 6 | 1.6 | 39 | 10.2 | 9 | 3.3 | 9 | 4.4 | 2 | 1.3 | 5 | 1.1 | 1 | 0.6 | 71 | 3.5 |
G10P[11] | 9 | 2.4 | 1 | 0.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 10 | 0.5 |
G12P[4] | – | – | 2 | 0.5 | – | – | 2 | 1.0 | – | – | 2 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.6 | 7 | 0.3 |
G12P[6] | 10 | 2.6 | 31 | 8.1 | 2 | 0.7 | 11 | 5.4 | – | – | 43 | 9.8 | 8 | 4.4 | 105 | 5.2 |
G12P[8] | 10 | 2.6 | 8 | 2.1 | 3 | 1.1 | 3 | 1.5 | 6 | 3.9 | 10 | 2.3 | 9 | 5.0 | 49 | 2.4 |
G12P[11] | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0.2 | – | – | 1 | 0.05 |
Mixed | 18 | 4.7 | 38 | 9.9 | 15 | 5.5 | 23 | 11.3 | 11 | 7.2 | 45 | 10.3 | 9 | 5.0 | 159 | 7.9 |
Partially typed | 4 | 1.1 | 2 | 0.5 | 3 | 1.1 | – | – | 7 | 4.6 | 3 | 0.7 | 2 | 1.1 | 21 | 1.0 |
Untyped | 7 | 1.8 | 7 | 1.8 | 3 | 1.1 | 2 | 1.0 | 12 | 7.8 | 6 | 1.4 | 5 | 2.8 | 42 | 2.1 |
Total | 380 | 383 | 273 | 203 | 153 | 438 | 180 | 2010 | 100.0 |
Study site/s | Type of study | Study period | Age group | Number of stool samples | Common rotavirus genotypes | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lucknow | Single centre, cross-sectional | September 2004–April 2008 | 1–36 months | 412 | G1P[8] (21.5%), G3P[6] (16.5%), G1P[6] (8.9%), G2P[8] (8.9%) | Mishra V, et al. [19] |
Andaman & Nictobar islands | Multicentre, cross-sectional | October 2010–February 2012 | 6–60 months | 296 | G2P[4] (44.7%), G1P[8] (25.5%), G9P[4] (21.2%), G1P[4] (4.3%) | Reesu R, et al. [20] |
Kerala | Multicentre, cross-sectional | February 2009–January 2011 | <5 years | 1807 | G1P[8] (49.7%), G9P[8] (26.4%), G2P[4] (5.5%), G9P[4] (2.6%), G12P[6] (1.3%) | Mathew MA, et al. [21] |
Kolkata | Multicentre, cross-sectional | January 2011–December 2013 | ≤5 years | 830 | G2P[4] (31.6%), G9P[4] (27.5%), G1P[8] (13.5%), G9P[8] (12%), G12P[8] (2.7%) | Mullick S, et al. [22] |
Delhi | Multicentre, cross-sectional | August 2007–July 2012 | <5 years | 756 | G12P[6] (10%), G1P[8] (7.2%), G2P[4] (7.2%), G9P[4] (6.5%), G9P[8] (5.2%) | Tiku VR, et al. [23] |
Manipur | Single centre, cross-sectional | December 2005–March 2008 | < 5 years | 489 | G1P[8] (36%), G2P[4] (22%), G12P[6] (8%), G1P[4] (3%), G9P[6] (3%) | Mukherjee A, et al. [24] |
Delhi | Single centre, cross-sectional | February 2005–March 2007 | < 2 years | 862 | G1P[8] (26%), G1P[4] (12%), G1P[6] (11%), G2P[4] (8%), G9P[8] (5%) | Chakravarti A, et al. [25] |
12 medical schools across India | Multi centre, cross-sectional | April 2011–July 2012 | ≤59 months | 2051 | G1P[8] (23.8%), G2[P4] (12.9%), G9P[4] (8.1%), G12P[6] (6.8%), G9[P8] (5%) | Saluja T, et al. [5] |
10 hospitals in 7 cities | Multicentre cross-sectional | November 2005–June 2009 | ≤59 months | 7285 | G1P[8] (18.8%), G2P[4] (16.9%), G9P[8] (6.1%), G12P[6] (5.6%), G12P[8] (3.2%) | Kang G, et al. [3] |
3 hospitals in 3 cities | Multicentre cross-sectional | July 2009–June 2011 | ≤59 months | 1191 | G1P[8] (33.7%), G2P[4] (17.5%), G9P[4] (10.9%), G9P[8] (6.3%), G12P[6] (6.3%) | Babji S, et al. [4] |
7 hospital in 7 cities | Multicentre cross-sectional | July, 2012-June, 2016 | ≤59 months | 5834 | G1P[8] (49.9%), G2P[4] (9.8%), G9P[4] (8.8%), G12P[6] (5.2%), G9P[8] (3.5%) | This study |