Background
Methods
Data sources
Eligibility criteria
Incidence, mortality and DALYs
Possible methods
Statistical analyses
Results
Overall trends
Cases (n) | New cases (n) | Incidence rate per 100,000 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990 | 2017 | Change (%) | 1990 | 2017 | Change (%) | 1990 | 2017 | Change (%) | |
All | 49362.8 (47,023.4, 51,733.6) | 192141.9 (180,958.9, 201, 822.5) | 289.2 (284.8, 290.1) | 12,429.6 (11,820.0, 13,045.5) | 47,214.5 (44,501.9, 49,658.0) | 280.0 (276.4, 281.0) | 1.36 (1.29, 1.43) | 2.44 (2.30, 2.57) | 79.7 (78.0, 79.9) |
Ages | |||||||||
1–4 years | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | – | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | – | 0.00 (0.00.0.00) | 0.00 (0.00.0.00) | – |
5–9 years | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | – | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | – | 0.00 (0.00.0.00) | 0.00 (0.00.0.00) | – |
10–14 years | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | – | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | – | 0.00 (0.00.0.00) | 0.00 (0.00.0.00) | – |
15–19 years | 752.1 (685.3, 827.5) | 458.6 (411.8, 509.6) | − 39.0 (− 39.9, − 38.4) | 152.9 (139.5, 167.8) | 75.3 (67.6, 83.9) | − 50.7 (− 51.6, − 50.0) | 0.12 (0.11, 0.13) | 0.10 (0.09, 0.11) | − 18.6 (− 20.1, − 17.5) |
20–24 years | 1604.3 (1464.2, 1756.9) | 977.5 (862.8, 1095.2) | − 39.1 (− 41.4, − 37.7) | 313.4 (287.1, 341.8) | 158.1 (139.0, 177.9) | − 49.6 (− 51.6, − 48.0) | 0.24 (0.22, 0.26) | 0.17 (0.15, 0.20) | − 27.2 (− 30.1, − 24.9) |
25–29 years | 2654.6 (2434.4, 2903.9) | 3344.6 (2991.8, 3746.2) | 26.0 (22.9, 29.0) | 511.0 (469.5, 556.6) | 540.4 (482.5, 605.9) | 5.8 (2.8, 8.9) | 0.46 (0.43, 0.51) | 0.44 (0.39, 0.49) | − 5.3 (− 7.9, − 2.5) |
30–34 years | 4048.6 (3728.3, 4406.6) | 6739.9 (6090.2, 7469.9) | 66.5 (63.4, 69.5) | 811.8 (745.3, 884.3) | 1109.3 (998.4, 1231.4) | 36.6 (34.0, 39.3) | 0.92 (0.84, 1.00) | 0.93 (0.84.1.03) | 1.2 (− 0.8, 3.1) |
35–39 years | 4396.5 (3997.1, 4746.9) | 6774.3 (6030.5, 7531.9) | 55.0 (50.9, 58.7) | 899.1 (821.5, 979.0) | 1124.7 (996.8, 1231.4) | 25.1 (21.3, 28.3) | 0.98 (0.90, 1.07) | 1.16 (1.02, 1.29) | 17.6 (14.1, 20.6) |
40–44 years | 3306.2 (3050.3, 3586.1) | 7394.9 (6695.3, 8163.8) | 123.7 (119.5, 127.7) | 802.8 (739.3, 871.3) | 1444.4 (1301.3, 1598.4) | 79.9 (76.0, 83.5) | 1.19 (1.10, 1.30) | 1.30 (1.17, 1.44) | 9.2 (6.8, 11.3) |
45–49 years | 3657.3 (3394.7, 3952.1) | 14,896.5 (13,594.8, 16,254.4) | 307.3 (300.5, 311.3) | 911.9 (845.6, 986.2) | 3196.2 (2898.5, 3493.5) | 250.5 (242.8, 254.2) | 1.76 (1.64, 1.91) | 2.56 (2.32, 2.80) | 45.2 (42.0, 46.7) |
50–54 years | 4202.0 (3896.8, 4534.8) | 23,082.2 (21,084.5, 25,047.5) | 449.3 (441.1, 452.3) | 1055.8 (979.3, 1140.0) | 5081.7 (4620.7, 5529.7) | 381.3 (371.8, 385.0) | 2.21 (2.05, 2.38) | 4.25 (3.87, 4.63) | 92.5 (88.7, 94.0) |
55–59 years | 5008.8 (4644.7,5431.0) | 17,934.0 (16,658.1, 19,326.4) | 258.1 (258.4, 255.9) | 1271.5 (1178.3, 1379.3) | 4160.5 (3845.6, 4496.7) | 227.2 (226.0, 226.4) | 2.93 (2.71, 3.17) | 5.16 (4.77, 5.58) | 76.5 (75.9, 76.1) |
60–64 years | 5303.4 (4924.7, 5722.7) | 27,153.3 (25,178.2, 29,235.5) | 412.0 (410.9, 411.3) | 1376.0 (1276.4, 1484.4) | 6692.7 (6194.3, 7220.6) | 386.4 (385.3, 386.4) | 3.88 (3.60, 4.19) | 8.08 (7.48, 8.72) | 108.3 (107.8, 108.3) |
65–69 years | 5123.4 (4735.1, 5515.7) | 29,990.9 (27,757.7, 32, 361.9) | 485.4 (486.0, 486.7) | 1376.7 (1270.8, 1482.2) | 7627.3 (7049.3, 8256.6) | 454.0 ( 454.7, 457.1) | 5.03 (4.64, 5.42) | 12.46 (11.52, 13.49) | 147.7 (148.0, 149.1) |
70–74 years | 4268.6 (3943.0, 4600.1) | 21,902.2 (20,118.1, 23,825.7) | 413.1 (410.2, 417.9) | 1218.5 (1125.3, 1314.0) | 5918.4 (5439.5, 6441.0) | 385.7 (383.4, 390.2) | 6.46 (5.97, 6.97) | 14.52 (13.35, 15.80) | 124.8 (123.7, 126.8) |
75–79 years | 2888.5 (2685.9, 3110.2) | 16,714.5 (15,479.2, 18,029.2) | 478.7 (476.3, 479.7) | 897.7 (834.1, 967.9) | 4861.9 (4496.1, 5246.4) | 441.6 (439.0, 442.0) | 7.86 (7.30, 8.47) | 17.21 (15.92, 18.58) | 119.0 (118.0, 119.2) |
≥ 80 years | 2175.4 (2036.4, 2319.1) | 14,778.8 (13,865.1, 15,681.1) | 579.4 (576.2, 580.9) | 830.6 (779.6, 885.0) | 5223.7 (4889.9, 5545.1) | 528.9 (526.6, 527.2) | 9.91 (9.31, 10.56) | 17.71 (16.58, 18.80) | 78.6 (78.0, 78.2) |
Gender | |||||||||
Male | 25,816.0 (23,924.6, 28,059.8) | 138,715.7 (127,853.3, 148,106.9) | 437.3 (427.8, 434.4) | 6912.7 (6411.7, 7510.5) | 35,743.0 (32,980.3, 38,075.3) | 417.1 (407.0, 414.4) | 1.58 (1.46, 1.71) | 3.79 (3.49, 4.03) | 140.0 (135.3, 139.0) |
Female | 23,546.9 (22,287.4, 25,020.9) | 53,426.3 (50,140.4, 56,730.7) | 126.8 (125.0, 126.7) | 5516.9 (5226.9, 5895.1) | 11,471.5 (10,776.1, 12,151.9) | 107.9 (106.1, 106.2) | 1.17 (1.11, 1.26) | 1.19 (1.12, 1.26) | 1.1 (− 0.4, 0.3) |
Deaths (n) | Mortality per 100,000 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990 | 2017 | Change (%) | 1990 | 2017 | Change (%) | |
All | 6995.3 (6641.9, 7350.1) | 20,760.8 (19,614.4, 21,816.8) | 196.8 (195.3, 196.8) | 0.84 (0.80, 0.88) | 1.09 (1.03, 1.14) | 29.0 (28.4, 29.0) |
Ages | ||||||
1–4 years | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | – | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | – |
5–9 years | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | – | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | – |
10–14 years | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | – | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | – |
15–19 years | 47.0 (43.4, 50.8) | 13.4 (12.2, 14.8) | − 71.5 (− 72.0, − 70.9) | 0.04 (0.03, 0.04) | 0.02 (0.02, 0.02) | − 53.0 (− 53.8, − 52.0) |
20–24 years | 84.6 (78.4, 91.1) | 24.5 (21.6, 27.4) | − 71.0 (− 72.4, − 69.9) | 0.06 (0.06, 0.07) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.03) | − 58.2 (− 60.2, − 56.6) |
25–29 years | 120.1 (111.7, 129.5) | 73.8 (66.7, 81.7) | − 38.5 (− 40.3, − 36.9) | 0.11 (0.10, 0.12) | 0.06 (0.05, 0.07) | − 44.9 (− 46.5, − 43.5) |
30–34 years | 211.6 (195.7, 228.8) | 169.5 (154.2, 185.7) | − 19.9 (− 21.2, − 18.8) | 0.24 (0.22, 0.26) | 0.14 (0.13, 0.16) | − 40.7 (− 41.7, − 39.9) |
35–39 years | 271.8 (251.9, 293.8) | 198.2 (176.7, 221.5) | − 27.1 (− 29.9, − 24.6) | 0.30 (0.28, 0.32) | 0.20 (0.18, 0.23) | − 31.4 (− 34.0, − 29.1) |
40–44 years | 376.8 (346.2, 408.3) | 441.4 (399.9, 483.7) | 17.1 (15.5, 18.4) | 0.56 (0.51, 0.61) | 0.40 (0.36, 0.44) | − 28.9 (− 29.9, − 28.1) |
45–49 years | 488.3 (454.3, 527.0) | 1170.6 (1070.8, 1271.0) | 139.7 (135.7, 141.2) | 0.94 (0.88, 1.02) | 0.94 (0.86, 1.02) | − 0.7 (− 2.4, − 0.1) |
50–54 years | 585.0 (542.5, 632.0) | 1940.1 (1789.8, 2092.8) | 231.6 (229.9, 231.1) | 1.22 (1.13, 1.32) | 1.62 (1.50, 1.75) | 32.7 (32.0, 32.4) |
55–59 years | 756.5 (702.3, 817.0) | 1730.9 (1608.4, 1848.9) | 128.8 (126.3, 129.0) | 1.74 (1.62, 1.88) | 2.15 (2.00, 2.30) | 23.4 (22.1, 23.6) |
60–64 years | 879.3 (817.6, 949.2) | 3004.6 (2805.8, 3222.5) | 241.7 (239.5, 243.2) | 2.48 (2.31, 2.68) | 3.63 (3.39, 3.89) | 46.3 (45.4, 46.9) |
65–69 years | 894.5 (829.1, 958.8) | 3349.9 (3132.7, 3588.8) | 274.5 (274.3, 277.8) | 3.27 (3.03, 3.50) | 5.47 (5.12, 5.86) | 67.5 (67.4, 68.9) |
70–74 years | 827.4 (767.2, 887.3) | 2692.5 (2495.0, 2876.3) | 225.4 (224.2, 225.2) | 4.39 (4.07, 4.70) | 6.61 (6.12, 7.06) | 50.6 (50.0, 50.5) |
75–79 years | 678.6 (632.6, 728.4) | 2485.3 (2338.0, 2639.7) | 266.2 (262.4, 269.6) | 5.94 (5.54, 6.38) | 8.80 (8.28, 9.35) | 48.1 (46.6, 49.5) |
≥ 80 years | 773.7 (728.5, 821.1) | 3466.1 (3295.2, 3620.8) | 348.0 (341.0, 352.3) | 9.23 (8.70, 9.80) | 11.75 (11.17, 12.28) | 27.3 (25.3, 28.5) |
Gender | ||||||
Male | 4140.3 (3837.3, 4483.2) | 16,057.8 (14,918.5, 17,094.0) | 287.8 (281.3, 288.8) | 1.03 (0.96, 1.12) | 1.73 (1.61, 1.84) | 67.8 (64.7, 68.6) |
Female | 2854.9 (2709.5, 3087.6) | 4703.0 (4425.1, 4968.5) | 64.7 (60.9, 63.3) | 0.67 (0.64, 0.73) | 0.49 (0.46, 0.51) | − 27.5 (− 29.8, − 28.0) |
DALYs (n) | DALY rate per 100,000 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990 | 2017 | Change (%) | 1990 | 2017 | Change (%) | |
All | 204,612.6 (194,172.9, 215,294.4) | 509,746.1 (478,229.8, 538,113.9) | 149.1 (146.3, 149.9) | 21.0 (19.9, 22.1) | 25.4 (23.8, 26.8) | 21.0 (19.6, 21.3) |
Ages | ||||||
1–4 years | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | – | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | – |
5–9 years | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | – | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | – |
10–14 years | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | – | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | – |
15–19 years | 3381.4 (3125.2, 3658.0) | 985.1 (891.7, 1089.9) | − 70.9 (− 71.5, − 70.2) | 2.7 (2.5, 2.9) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.4) | − 51.9 (− 52.0, − 51.7) |
20–24 years | 5687.7 (5270.3, 6132.1) | 1688.5 (1493.6, 1899.9) | − 70.3 (− 71.7, − 69.0) | 4.3 (4.0, 4.6) | 1.8 (1.6, 2.1) | − 57.2 (− 59.1, − 55.3) |
25–29 years | 7513.2 (6973.7, 8083.9) | 4754.4 (4296.6, 5281.3) | − 36.7 (− 38.4, − 34.7) | 6.8 (6.3, 7.3) | 3.9 (3.5, 4.3) | − 43.3 (− 44.8, − 41.5) |
30–34 years | 12,164.7 (11,232.1, 13,133.1) | 10,028.9 (9125.7, 10,991.5) | − 17.6 (− 18.8, − 16.3) | 13.8 (12.7, 14.9) | 8.4 (7.6, 9.2) | − 39.0 (− 39.8, − 38.0) |
35–39 years | 14,199.3 (13,148.9, 15,322.5) | 10,646.7 (9477.7, 11,880.7) | − 25.0 (− 27.9, − 22.5) | 15.5 (14.4, 16.7) | 10.9 (9.7, 12.2) | − 29.5 (− 32.2, − 27.1) |
40–44 years | 17,594.9 (16,162.7, 19,066.8) | 20,876.3 (18,879.2, 22,902.8) | 18.6 (16.8, 20.1) | 26.2 (24.0, 28.4) | 18.8 (17.0, 20.7) | − 28.0 (− 29.1, − 27.1) |
45–49 years | 20,397.0 (18,976.9, 22,017.7) | 49,313.4 (45,088.1, 53,673.8) | 141.8 (137.6, 143.8) | 39.4 (36.7, 42.6) | 39.5 (36.1, 43.0) | 0.1 (− 1.6, 1.0) |
50–54 years | 21,648.2 (20,107.3, 23,359.5) | 72,651.9 (66,971.3, 78,474.1) | 235.6 (233.1, 235.9) | 45.3 (42.1, 48.9) | 60.8 (56.0, 65.7) | 34.3 (33.2, 34.4) |
55–59 years | 24,342.5 (22,573.0, 26, 310.3) | 56,264.2 (52,196.2, 60,227.6) | 131.1 (128.9, 131.2) | 56.0 (51.9, 60.5) | 69.8 (64.8, 74.8) | 24.7 (23.5, 24.7) |
60–64 years | 24,206.8 (22,516.7, 26,156.4) | 83,408.0 (77,764.8, 89,569.2) | 244.6 (242.4, 245.4) | 68.3 (63.5, 73.8) | 100.8 (93.9, 108.2) | 47.5 (46.6, 47.9) |
65–69 years | 20,587.9 (19,084.8, 22,084.0) | 78,313.2 (73,105.8, 83,751.1) | 280.4 (279.2, 283.1) | 75.2 (69.7, 80.7) | 127.9 (119.4, 136.8) | 70.1 (69.9, 71.3) |
70–74 years | 15,502.2 (14,363.1, 16,644.6) | 51,205.3 (47,493.9, 54,788.0) | 230.3 (229.2, 230.7) | 82.2 (76.1, 88.2) | 125.6 (116.5, 134.4) | 52.9 (52.3, 53.0) |
75–79 years | 9944.8 (9249.1, 10,666.1) | 36,828.5 (34,508.5, 39,110.4) | 270.3 (266.7, 273.1) | 87.1 (81.0, 93.4) | 130.4 (122.2, 138.5) | 49.8 (48.3, 50.9) |
≥ 80 years | 7442.0 (6960.9, 7945.2) | 32,781.7 (31,047.6, 34,399.2) | 340.5 (333.0, 346.0) | 88.8 (83.1, 94.8) | 111.1 (105.3, 116.6) | 25.1 (23.0, 26.7) |
Gender | ||||||
Male | 122,081.5 (113,302.5, 132,196.8) | 400,756.2 (370,337.7, 428,177.2) | 228.3 (223.9, 226.9) | 25.2 (23.4, 27.3) | 40.2 (37.1, 43.0) | 59.7 (57.4.58.8) |
Female | 82,531.1 (78,339.8, 87,844.2) | 108,989.9 (102,506.9, 115,591.5) | 32.1 (30.8, 31.6) | 16.9 (16.0, 18.1) | 11.0 (10.3, 11.7) | − 35.0 (− 35.5, − 35.5) |
Age-specific trends
Gender-specific trends
Location-specific trends of DALYs
Province | Age-standardized DALY rate per 100,000 | Change (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
1990 | 2017 | ||
Hong Kong | 56.2 | 22.3 | − 60.4 |
Beijing | 19.5 | 13.6 | − 30.2 |
Shanghai | 20.1 | 14.4 | − 28.5 |
Macao | 19.8 | 14.2 | − 28.3 |
Zhejiang | 19.5 | 14.4 | − 26.3 |
Ningxia | 17.1 | 13.0 | − 23.6 |
Tianjin | 20.0 | 16.9 | − 15.8 |
Anhui | 25.1 | 21.6 | − 13.9 |
Hainan | 21.5 | 18.9 | − 11.9 |
Tibet | 16.9 | 16.6 | − 2.1 |
Heilongjiang | 19.5 | 19.1 | − 2.1 |
Chongqing | 20.3 | 20.1 | − 1.0 |
Jiangsu | 18.3 | 18.4 | 0.1 |
Xinjiang | 20.0 | 20.0 | 0.1 |
Shandong | 17.5 | 18.0 | 3.0 |
Jiangxi | 19.9 | 21.9 | 10.1 |
Guangdong | 23.0 | 25.7 | 12.0 |
Fujian | 20.6 | 23.1 | 12.4 |
Hubei | 18.6 | 21.8 | 17.4 |
Shanxi | 22.5 | 26.7 | 18.7 |
Gansu | 21.7 | 26.0 | 20.0 |
Qinghai | 19.7 | 23.8 | 20.9 |
Jilin | 30.8 | 37.6 | 21.9 |
Liaoning | 22.0 | 28.1 | 28.0 |
Guangxi | 20.3 | 26.1 | 28.3 |
Guizhou | 29.2 | 38.7 | 32.6 |
Inner Mongolia | 24.5 | 36.3 | 48.2 |
Yunnan | 20.5 | 31.5 | 53.8 |
Hebei | 23.5 | 36.1 | 53.9 |
Hunan | 26.1 | 40.8 | 56.1 |
Shaanxi | 15.2 | 24.7 | 62.6 |
Sichuan | 20.1 | 33.7 | 67.2 |
Henan | 15.5 | 26.2 | 68.4 |