Background
Methods
Study design
Aim
Search strategy
Selection criteria
Construct | Justification |
---|---|
Population | Inclusion criteria: |
- CAM researchers with or without CAM background | |
- CAM practitioners/clinicians | |
Exclusion criteria: | |
- CAM users/non users | |
- CAM products | |
Interest | Inclusion criteria: |
- Research that looks at the barriers to the conduct or application of research in CAM | |
- Opinion publications with a reference list | |
- Studies or publications on EBP in CAM | |
Exclusion criteria: | |
- Primary or secondary research that investigates the effectiveness or efficacy of CAM | |
- Economic evaluations of CAM | |
- Opinion articles without adequate references | |
- Promotional materials | |
- Methodological studies | |
Context | Inclusion criteria: |
- Research (conduct or application of) | |
Exclusion criteria: | |
- Publications reporting the prevalence of CAM use | |
- Publications describing CAM |
Population
Interest
Context
Publication type
Selection of included publications
Critical appraisal
Data extraction
Data analysis
Results
Overview of included studies
Author/ Year | Design | Country | Participants/Sample size/Response rate | Survey Tool used | Domains of measurement |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alcantara & Leach 2015 [36] | Cross-sectional study | USA | Chiropractors. | EBASE (modified) | EBP related skills |
n = 500 | Attitudes towards EBP | ||||
Response rate = 32.4% | |||||
Barriers | |||||
Bussières et al. 2015 [37] | Cross-sectional study | Canada | Chiropractors. | EBASE (modified) | Attitudes towards EBP |
n = 7200 | Knowledge/Skills in EBP | ||||
Response rate = 7.7% | |||||
EBP training/Education | |||||
Use of EBP | |||||
Barriers to EBP | |||||
Facilitators of EBP uptake | |||||
Leach & Gillham 2011 [50] | Cross-sectional study | Australia | CAM practitioners. | EBASE | Attitude towards EBP |
n = 400 | Knowledge/Skills in EBP | ||||
Response rate = 36% | |||||
EBP training/Education | |||||
Use of EBP | |||||
Sources of Information used to inform clinical decisions | |||||
Barriers to EBP | |||||
Facilitators of EBP uptake | |||||
Roecker et al. 2013 [53] | Cross-sectional study | USA | Chiropractors. | EBASE (modified) | Skill level in EBP |
n = 309 | Extent of EBP in clinical practice within the last month | ||||
Response rate = 48% | |||||
Sources of information to inform clinical practice | |||||
Barriers to EBP in clinical practice | |||||
Schneider et al. 2015 [51] | Cross-sectional study | USA | Chiropractors. | EBASE (modified) | EBP Training /Education |
n = 30,000 | Attitudes towards EBP | ||||
Response rate = 4.4% | |||||
Skills in EBP | |||||
Use of EBP | |||||
Barriers to EBP | |||||
Facilitators of EBP uptake | |||||
Tilburt et al. 2009 [52] | Cross-sectional study | USA | Acupuncturists, naturopaths, internists and rheumatologists. | Self-administered questionnaire | Awareness of CAM trials |
Skills to interpret research results | |||||
Attitude towards research results | |||||
n = 2400 | |||||
Response rate = 65% | |||||
Walker et al. 2013 [38] | Cross-sectional study | Australia | Chiropractors. | Jett et al. questionnaire (modified) | Attitudes towards EBP |
n = 4378 | Motivation to engage in EBP | ||||
Response rate = 13% | |||||
EBP training/Education | |||||
Using literature in clinical decision-making | |||||
Availability and ability to access information | |||||
Barriers to EBP | |||||
Wardle & Adams 2013 [34] | Descriptive research | Australia | CAM practitioners. | N/A | Review of grants awarded by NHMRC towards CAM research |
Critical appraisal of included studies
Critical appraisal of studies reporting barriers to the conduct of research in CAM
Study | Database | Criterion 1 | Criterion 2 | Criterion 3 | Criterion 4 | Criterion 5 | Criterion 6 | Criterion 7 | Total Score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ahn et al. 2010 [45] | Embase | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | 6/7 |
Bensoussan & Lewith 2004 [39] | Embase | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | 6/7 |
Ernst 1999 [40] | Amed | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | 6/7 |
Ernst 2003 [43] | Google scholar | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | 6/7 |
Evans 2007 [47] | Google | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | 6/7 |
Giordano, Engebretson & Garcia 2005 [44] | Embase | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | 6/7 |
Jonas 2005 [42] | Amed | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | 6/7 |
Lewith & Holgate 2000 [41] | Amed | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | 6/7 |
Long & Mercer 1999 [49] | Amed | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | 6/7 |
Nahin & Strauss 2001 [48] | Google scholar | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | 6/7 |
Rosner 2000 [35] | Cinahl | Y | Y | N/A | Y | N | Y | Y | 5/7 |
Shekelle et al. 2005 [46] | Amed | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | 6/7 |
Steel & McEwen 2014 [25] | Cinahl | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | 6/7 |
Wardle & Adams 2013 [34] | Embase | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | 6/7 |
Critical appraisal of studies reporting barriers to the application of research findings
Study | Database | Criterion 1 | Criterion 2 | Criterion 3 | Criterion 4 | Criterion 5 | Criterion 6 | Criterion 7 | Criterion 8 | Criterion 9 | Criterion 10 | Criterion 11 | Criterion 12 | Total Score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alcantara & Leach 2015 [36] | MEDLINE | Y | Y | Y | CT | Y | CT | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 9 / 12 |
Bussières et al. 2015 [37] | MEDLINE | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 11 / 12 |
Leach & Gillman 2011 [50] | CINAHL | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 12 / 12 |
Roecker et al. 2013 [53] | MEDLINE | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | CT | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 11 / 12 |
Schneider et al. 2015 [51] | MEDLINE | Y | Y | Y | CT | Y | CT | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 10 / 12 |
Tilburt et al. 2009 [52] | Embase | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 12 / 12 |
Walker et al. 2013 [38] | MEDLINE | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 11 / 12 |
Overview of barriers
Barriers to the conduct of research findings
First author, year | Publication type OR study design | Country | Discipline focus OR General CAM | Capacity | Culture | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Access | Competency | Bias | Values | Complex system | ||||
Ahn et al. 2010 | Opinion | USA | General CAM | ● | ● | ● | ||
Bensoussan & Lewith 2004 | Opinion | Australia | General CAM | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● |
Ernst 1999 | Opinion | UK | General CAM | ● | ● | ● | ● | |
Ernst 2003 | Opinion | UK | General CAM | ● | ● | ● | ● | |
Evans 2007 | Opinion | Australia | General CAM | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● |
Giordano, Engebretson & Garcia 2005 | Opinion | USA | General CAM | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● |
Jonas 2005 | Opinion | USA | General CAM | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● |
Lewith & Holgate 2000 | Opinion | USA | General CAM | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● |
Long & Mercer 1999 | Opinion | UK | General CAM | ● | ● | ● | ● | |
Nahin &Strauss 2001 | Opinion | UK | General CAM | ● | ● | ● | ● | |
Rosner 2000 | Opinion | USA | General CAM | ● | ● | ● | ||
Shekelle et al. 2005 | Opinion | USA | General CAM | ● | ● | ● | ||
Steel & McEwen 2013 | Opinion | Australia | General CAM | ● | ● | ● | ● | |
Wardle & Adams 2013 | Descriptive Research | Australia | General CAM | ● | ● | ● | ● |
Barriers to the application of research findings
First Author, year | Publication type OR Study Design | Country | Discipline focus OR General CAM | Capacity | Culture | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Access | Competency | Bias | Incentive | Time | |||||
Alcantara & Leach 2015 [36] | Cross-sectional study | USA | Chiropractic | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||
Bussières et al. 2015 [37] | Cross-sectional study | Canada | Chiropractic | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |
Evans 2007 [47] | Opinion publication | Australia | General CAM | ● | ● | ||||
Leach & Gillham 2011 [50] | Cross-sectional study | Australia | General CAM | ● | ● | ● | |||
Roecker et al. 2013 [53] | Cross-sectional study | USA | Chiropractic | ● | ● | ||||
Schneider et al. 2015 [51] | Cross-sectional study | USA | Chiropractic | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |
Tilburt et al. 2009 [52] | Cross-sectional study | USA | General CAM | ● | ● | ||||
Walker et al. 2013 [38] | Cross-sectional study | Australia | Chiropractic | ● | ● | ● | ● |