The water extract of DJS was the same as that used in our previous studies [
32‐
34] in which it was standardized using paeoniflorin and albiflorin [
32]. Briefly, we purchased individual dried herbs of DJS from Jung Do Herbal Drug Co. Ltd. (Seoul, Korea). Each herb was deposited at Department of Medicinal Herbology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. DJS consisted of 10 g Paeoniae Radix (
Paeonia lactiflora Pallas, Paeoniaceae, number of voucher specimen: DBH14120301), 6 g Cnidii Rhizoma (
Cnidium officinale Makino, Umbelliferae, number of voucher specimen: DBH16022422), 6 g Alismatis Rhizoma (
Alisma orientale Juzepezuk, Alismataceae, number of voucher specimen: DBH16022411), 3 g Angelicae Gigantis Radix (
Angelica gigas Nakai, Umbelliferae, number of voucher specimen: DBH16021001), 3 g Poria (
Poria cocos Wolf, Polyporaceae, number of voucher specimen: DBH16022404), and 3 g Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba (
Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi, Compositae, number of voucher specimen: DBH14111011). The mixed dried herbs were boiled with 10-fold distilled water for 2 h at 100 °C based on the way of decocting DJS in the clinical use. The suspension was filtered, lyophilized, yielding 20.16% of powder, and kept at −20 °C. This powder was dissolved in an appropriate vehicle before each experiment.