Background
Methods
Study settings
Study design
Sampling and sample size
Data collection tools and procedures
Data analysis
Variables and their measurements
Characteristic | Rural | Urban |
---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | |
Gender of the participants | ||
Male patient | 103 (24.5) | 106 (25.2) |
Female patient | 105 (25.0) | 106 (25.2) |
Ages of the participants | ||
15–24 years | 45 (10.7) | 35 (8.3) |
25–35 years | 73 (17.4) | 77 (18.3) |
36–44 years | 46 (11.0) | 44 (10.5) |
45 and above | 44 (10.5) | 56 (13.3) |
Marital status | ||
Married | 164 (39.1) | 170 (40.5) |
Single | 39 (9.3) | 38 (9.0) |
Widow/widowed | 5 (1.2) | 4 (1.0) |
Education level | ||
Primary | 133 (31.7) | 132 (31.4) |
Secondary | 26 (6.2) | 43 (10.2) |
Post Secondary | 49 (11.6) | 28 (9.8) |
What is the size of your family? | ||
Below or 3 members | 57 (13.6) | 60 (14.3) |
4–6 members | 82 (19.5) | 99 (23.6) |
Above 6 members | 69 (16.4) | 53 (12.6) |
Patient’s number of visits to the facility before | ||
Twice | 24 (5.7) | 27 (6.4) |
Thrice | 15 (3.6) | 26 (6.2) |
Four times | 20 (4.8) | 13 (3.1) |
Five times | 17 (4.0) | 11 (2.6) |
More than five times | 132 (31.4) | 135 (32.1) |
Distance covered to get health services | ||
Within 5 km | 144 (34.3) | 138 (32.9) |
5–10 km | 42 (10.0) | 47 (11.2) |
Above 10 km | 22 (5.2) | 27 (6.4) |
Domain | Number of questions | Min-max score(s) | Unacceptable | Acceptable | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fail (%) | Good (%) | Very Good (%) | |||
Prompt attention | 7 | 0–21 | 0.0–33.3 | 33.4–66.7 | 66.8–100 |
Respect for dignity | 3 | 0–9 | 0.0–33.3 | 33.4–66.7 | 66.8–100 |
Clear communication | 7 | 0–21 | 0.0–33.3 | 33.4–66.7 | 66.8–100 |
Respect of autonomy | 3 | 0–9 | 0.0–33.3 | 33.4–66.7 | 66.8–100 |
Access to care | 4 | 4–16 | 0.0–25.0 | 25.1–50.0 | 50.1–100 |
Respect for confidentiality | 3 | 0–9 | 0.0–33.3 | 33.4–66.7 | 66.8–100 |
Quality of basic amenities | 10 | 10–40 | 25.0–50.0 | 50.1–75.0 | 75.1–100 |
Overall responsiveness | 37 | 14–125 | 0.0–29.9 | 30.0–59.2 | 59.3–100 |
Statistical analyses
Results
Socio-demographic characteristics
Health system responsiveness (HSR)
Scores of the seven domains of healthcare system responsiveness
HSR domains | Dispensary | Health centre | Sig. | Eta squared | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
Total HSR % | 69.6 | 11.7 | 68.0 | 11.3 | .189 | .004 |
Prompt attention % | 78.6 | 20.9 | 74.1 | 21.8 | .042 | .010 |
Respect for dignity % | 81.4 | 20.9 | 76.5 | 25.3 | .037 | .010 |
Clear communication % | 74.3 | 24.8 | 73.9 | 24.7 | .897 | .000 |
Respect for Autonomy % | 76.7 | 26.9 | 72.1 | 28.6 | .107 | .006 |
Access to care % | 43.5 | 12.5 | 36.0 | 10.9 | .000 | .077 |
Confidentiality % | 86.7 | 29.8 | 90.7 | 20.0 | .157 | .005 |
Quality of Basic Amenities % | 64.6 | 12.6 | 66.4 | 10.5 | .161 | .005 |
Factors associated with HSR
Variables | Pearson Correlation | Sig. (1-tailed) |
---|---|---|
Total HSR % | 1.000 | .000 |
Type of health facility | −.064 | .095 |
Gender of the participants | .010 | .420 |
Ages of the participants | .042 | .195 |
Marital status | −.090 | .032 |
Highest level of education | .071 | .072 |
Family size | .098 | .022 |
Patient’s number of visits to the health facility before | −.024 | .313 |
Distance covered by a patient to get health service | .103 | .017 |
(I) Region | (J) Regions | Mean Difference (I-J) | Std. Error | Significance (95%CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dodoma | Mbeya | −3.5024 | 1.6201 | .319 (−8.302, 1.298) |
Manyara | −2.1957 | 1.6201 | .825 (−6.996, 2.604) | |
Coast region | −11.2624a | 1.6201 | .000 (−16.062, − 6.462) | |
Mtwara | 10.7675a | 1.6342 | .000 (5.926, 15.609) | |
Shinyanga | −14.2065a | 1.6067 | .000 (−18.967, −9.446) | |
Katavi | −1.1557 | 1.6201 | .992 (− 5.956, 3.644) | |
Mbeya | Dodoma | 3.5024 | 1.6201 | .319 (−1.298, 8.302) |
Manyara | 1.3067 | 1.6333 | .985 (−3.533, 6.146) | |
Coast region | −7.7600a | 1.6333 | .000 (−12.599, −2.921) | |
Mtwara | 14.2699a | 1.6473 | .000 (9.389, 19.151) | |
Shinyanga | −10.7041a | 1.6201 | .000 (−15.504, −5.904) | |
Katavi | 2.3467 | 1.6333 | .782 (−2.493, 7.186) | |
Manyara | Dodoma | 2.1957 | 1.6201 | .825 (−2.604, 6.996) |
Mbeya | −1.3067 | 1.6333 | .985 (−6.146, 3.533) | |
Coast region | −9.0667a | 1.6333 | .000 (−13.906, −4.227) | |
Mtwara | 12.9632a | 1.6473 | .000 (8.082, 17.844) | |
Shinyanga | −12.0108a | 1.6201 | .000 (−16.811, −7.211) | |
Katavi | 1.0400 | 1.6333 | .996 (−3.799, 5.879) | |
Coast region | Dodoma | 11.2624a | 1.6201 | .000 (6.462, 16.062) |
Mbeya | 7.7600a | 1.6333 | .000 (2.921,12.599) | |
Manyara | 9.0667a | 1.6333 | .000 (4.227, 13.906) | |
Mtwara | 22.0299a | 1.6473 | .000 (17.149, 26.911) | |
Shinyanga | −2.9441 | 1.6201 | .537 (−7.744, 1.856) | |
Katavi | 10.1067a | 1.6333 | .000 (5.267,14.946) | |
Mtwara | Dodoma | −10.7675a | 1.6342 | .000 (−15.609, −5.926) |
Mbeya | −14.2699a | 1.6473 | .000 (−19.151, −9.389) | |
Manyara | −12.9632a | 1.6473 | .000 (−17.844, −8.082) | |
Coast region | −22.0299a | 1.6473 | .000 (−26.911, −17.149) | |
Shinyanga | −24.9740a | 1.6342 | .000 (−29.816, − 20.132) | |
Katavi | −11.9232a | 1.6473 | .000 (−16.804, −7.042) | |
Shinyanga | Dodoma | 14.2065a | 1.6067 | .000 (9.446, 18.967) |
Mbeya | 10.7041a | 1.6201 | .000 (5.904, 15.504) | |
Manyara | 12.0108a | 1.6201 | .000 (7.211, 16.811) | |
Coast region | 2.9441 | 1.6201 | .537 (−1.856, 7.744) | |
Mtwara | 24.9740a | 1.6342 | .000 (20.132, 29.816) | |
Katavi | 13.0508a | 1.6201 | .000 (8.251, 17.851) | |
Katavi | Dodoma | 1.1557 | 1.6201 | .992 (−3.644, 5.956) |
Mbeya | −2.3467 | 1.6333 | .782 (−7.186, 2.493) | |
Manyara | −1.0400 | 1.6333 | .996 (−5.879, 3.799) | |
Coast region | −10.1067a | 1.6333 | .000 (−14.946, − 5.267) | |
Mtwara | 11.9232a | 1.6473 | .000 (7.042, 16.804) | |
Shinyanga | −13.0508a | 1.6201 | .000(−17.851, −8.251) |