Background
Methods
Study population
Study protocol
Standard echocardiographic examination
Speckle-tracking strain analysis for GLS
Statistical analysis
Results
Patient characteristics
Clinical characteristics | |
Age, years | 68 (60–73) |
Gender (female), n (%) | 21 (38) |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.9 ± 5.1 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 130 ± 16 |
BNP, pg/mL | 27.9 (9.0–58.2) |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 70.6 ± 17.0 |
HbA1c, % | 7.2 ± 0.8 |
HF classification, n (%) | |
HFpEF | 37 (69) |
HFrEF | 7 (13) |
HFmrEF | 9 (17) |
Comorbidities, n (%) | |
Hypertension | 43 (81) |
Dyslipidemia | 42 (79) |
Cardiovascular event | 12 (21) |
Medications, n (%) | |
CCB | 19 (36) |
ACEI/ARB | 42 (79) |
β-Blocker | 27 (51) |
Diuretics | 10 (19) |
Statin | 37 (70) |
Antidiabetic drugs | |
DPP-4I | 40 (75) |
GLP-1 RA | 1 (2) |
SU | 11 (21) |
α-GI | 9 (17) |
Thiazolidinedione | 11 (21) |
Metformin | 14 (26) |
Echocardiographic parameters | |
LV end-diastolic volume, mL | 74.2 (55.1–104.1) |
LV end-systolic volume, mL | 24.7 (17.0–54.5) |
LVEF, % | 62.3 (49.3–68.3) |
LVMI, g/m2 | 75.0 (61.7–92.0) |
LAVI, mL/m2 | 31 (23–45) |
E/e′ | 9.3 (7.7–11.8) |
Change in GLS at baseline and 6 months after administration of dapagliflozin
Baseline | 6 months | p value | |
---|---|---|---|
Clinical characteristics | |||
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.9 ± 5.1 | 25.4 ± 5.1 | < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 130 ± 16 | 128 ± 18 | 0.218 |
BNP, pg/mL | 27.9 (9.0–58.2) | 28.9 (9.6–62.9) | 0.132 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 70.6 ± 17.0 | 65.6 ± 15.3 | 0.001 |
HbA1c, % | 7.2 ± 0.8 | 7.0 ±0.8 | 0.108 |
Echocardiographic parameters | |||
LV end-diastolic volume, mL | 74.2 (55.1–104.1) | 68.5 (54.8–93.8) | 0.270 |
LV end-systolic volume, mL | 24.7 (17.0–54.5) | 20.5 (15.2–57.1) | 0.105 |
LVEF, % | 62.3 (49.3–68.3) | 63.6 (55.3–71.0) | 0.011 |
LVMI, g/m2 | 75.0 (61.7–92.0) | 67.0 (55.0–81.9) | <0.001 |
LAVI, mL/m2 | 31 (23–45) | 26 (21–32) | 0.001 |
E/e′ | 9.3 (7.7–11.8) | 8.5(6.6–10.7) | 0.020 |
Parameters for change in E/e′ after administration of dapagliflozin
Independent variables | Coefficient | Standard error | T value | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Body mass index | − 0.06 | 1.917 | − 0.035 | 0.973 |
Systolic blood pressure | − 0.710 | 0.604 | − 1.174 | 0.254 |
Heart rate | 0.321 | 0.846 | 0.380 | 0.708 |
HbA1c | − 7.748 | 16.254 | − 0.477 | 0.639 |
LVEF | 0.204 | 1.107 | 0.184 | 0.856 |
LV end-systolic volume | − 0.132 | 0.433 | − 0.306 | 0.763 |
E/e′ | − 1.689 | 0.863 | − 1.958 | 0.06 |
GLS | 2.572 | 4.720 | 0.545 | 0.591 |
ΔBody mass index | 4.097 | 3.098 | 1.322 | 0.201 |
ΔSystolic blood pressure | 0.250 | 0.393 | − 1.328 | 0.199 |
ΔHbA1c | − 2.396 | 1.805 | − 1.328 | 0.199 |
ΔGLS | − 1.562 | 0.720 | − 2.169 | 0.041 |
ΔLVMI | 0.334 | 0.530 | 0.630 | 0.536 |