Background
Methods
Study population
Intake measures
Statistical analyses
Results
Dairy intake
Milk | Cheese | Yogurt | Total dairy | % Below dairy recommendation | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Cup equivalents/day | |||||
All | ||||||
2–3 years | 477 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 2.4 ± 0.1 | 16.2 ± 1.7 |
4–8 years | 958 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 67.4 ± 1.5 |
9–18 years | 1689 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 88.8 ± 0.9 |
19–50 years | 3123 | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 98.0 ± 0.3 |
51–70 years | 1771 | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 0.6 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 99.0 ± 0.3 |
71+ years | 926 | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 0.3 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 1.3 ± 0.0 | 99.6 ± 0.2 |
Females | ||||||
2–3 years | 221 | 2.0 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 18.6 ± 1.9 |
4–8 years | 459 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 77.3 ± 2.5 |
9–18 years | 823 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 99.2 ± 0.3 |
19–50 years | 1593 | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 0.6 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 1.4 ± 0.0 | 99.6 ± 0.1 |
51–70 years | 867 | 0.7 ± 0.0 | 0.5 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 1.3 ± 0.0 | 99.9 ± 0.1 |
71+ years | 480 | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 0.4 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 1.3 ± 0.0 | 100.0 ± 0.0 |
Males | ||||||
2–3 years | 256 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 14.0 ± 2.3 |
4–8 years | 499 | 1.5 ± 0.0 | 0.5 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 58.3 ± 1.9 |
9–18 years | 866 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 2.4 ± 0.2 | 77.9 ± 1.8 |
19–50 years | 1530 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 96.3 ± 0.6 |
51–70 years | 904 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 98.0 ± 0.5 |
71+ years | 446 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 99.0 ± 0.4 |
Impact of dairy group consumption on nutrient adequacy
Overview
All individuals | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age groups | 2–3 years | 4–8 years | 9–18 years | 19–50 years | 51–70 years | 71+ years | |
Total dairy, cup/equivalents | Current | 2.38 ± 0.11 | 2.04 ± 0.05 | 2.05 ± 0.06 | 1.65 ± 0.04 | 1.46 ± 0.04 | 1.28 ± 0.03 |
Modeled | 2.43 ± 0.10 | 2.39 ± 0.04 | 3.00 ± 0.04 | 3.03 ± 0.03 | 2.99 ± 0.03 | 2.91 ± 0.02 | |
Calcium, mg/d | Current | 1037 ± 35 | 975 ± 17 | 1047 ± 21 | 1025 ± 15 | 933 ± 14 | 814 ± 13 |
Modeled | 1054 ± 34 | 1081 ± 15 | 1329 ± 16 | 1436 ± 12 | 1387 ± 11 | 1300 ± 11 | |
Magnesium, mg/d | Current | 200 ± 4 | 211 ± 2 | 247 ± 4 | 307 ± 5 | 302 ± 4 | 256 ± 4 |
Modeled | 201 ± 4 | 218 ± 2 | 266 ± 4 | 335 ± 5 | 332 ± 4 | 289 ± 4 | |
Protein, g/d | Current | 53.3 ± 1.2 | 59.4 ± 0.7 | 75.2 ± 1.2 | 87.2 ± 1.0 | 79.3 ± 1.1 | 64.3 ± 1.2 |
Modeled | 53.7 ± 1.2 | 62.5 ± 0.6 | 83.3 ± 1.1 | 98.9 ± 0.9 | 92.2 ± 1.1 | 78.1 ± 1.1 | |
Vitamin A, RAE/d | Current | 581 ± 15 | 579 ± 11 | 598 ± 18 | 599 ± 13 | 664 ± 12 | 658 ± 17 |
Modeled | 587 ± 15 | 615 ± 11 | 692 ± 16 | 736 ± 12 | 815 ± 11 | 819 ± 16 | |
Vitamin D, μg/d | Current | 7.1 ± 0.2 | 5.8 ± 0.1 | 5.3 ± 0.1 | 4.7 ± 0.1 | 4.9 ± 0.1 | 4.7 ± 0.1 |
Modeled | 7.2 ± 0.2 | 6.4 ± 0.1 | 6.7 ± 0.1 | 6.8 ± 0.1 | 7.3 ± 0.1 | 7.2 ± 0.1 | |
Potassium, mg/d | Current | 2035 ± 37 | 2049 ± 23 | 2261 ± 42 | 2705 ± 36 | 2799 ± 38 | 2457 ± 39 |
Modeled | 2049 ± 37 | 2134 ± 23 | 2485 ± 39 | 3031 ± 34 | 3160 ± 36 | 2843 ± 37 | |
Calories, kcal/d | Current | 1456 ± 23 | 1728 ± 16 | 2088 ± 24 | 2276 ± 22 | 2011 ± 20 | 1649 ± 27 |
Modeled | 1460 ± 23 | 1757 ± 15 | 2164 ± 24 | 2388 ± 21 | 2135 ± 20 | 1781 ± 26 | |
Saturated Fat, g/d | Current | 19.2 ± 0.6 | 22.3 ± 0.4 | 26.6 ± 0.4 | 28.0 ± 0.4 | 25.5 ± 0.4 | 20.2 ± 0.4 |
Modeled | 19.3 ± 0.6 | 22.7 ± 0.4 | 27.5 ± 0.4 | 29.1 ± 0.4 | 26.9 ± 0.4 | 21.7 ± 0.4 | |
Sodium, mg/d | Current | 2113 ± 44 | 2617 ± 37 | 3392 ± 70 | 3742 ± 39 | 3375 ± 46 | 2717 ± 52 |
Modeled | 2124 ± 44 | 2681 ± 37 | 3563 ± 69 | 3992 ± 37 | 3651 ± 45 | 3013 ± 51 |
Vitamin A | Vitamin D | Calcium | Magnesium | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | Below Recommended Dairy | Modeled at Recommended Dairy | All | Below Recommended Dairy | Modeled at Recommended Dairy | All | Below Recommended Dairy | Modeled at Recommended Dairy | All | Below Recommended Dairy | Modeled at Recommended Dairy | |
% ± SE | % ± SE | % ± SE | % ± SE | % ± SE | % ± SE | % ± SE | % ± SE | % ± SE | % ± SE | % ± SE | % ± SE | |
Males | ||||||||||||
2–3 years | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 91.8 ± 1.9 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 91.7 ± 1.9a | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 3.0 ± 3.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 2.5 ± 2.5 | 0.0 ± 0.0 |
4–8 years | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 97.9 ± 0.4 | 99.4 ± 0.3 | 97.8 ± 0.4a | 6.1 ± 1.0 | 10.5 ± 1.7 | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 |
9–18 years | 25.8 ± 1.4 | 32.6 ± 1.5 | 13.0 ± 1.3a | 96.8 ± 0.8 | 99.8 ± 0.1 | 96.0 ± 0.7a | 40.8 ± 2.5 | 52.1 ± 2.6 | 1.0 ± 0.3a | 47.6 ± 1.6 | 49.9 ± 2.1 | 43.0 ± 1.7 |
19–50 years | 48.0 ± 1.2 | 49.8 ± 1.2 | 15.1 ± 0.9a | 99.0 ± 0.3 | 99.5 ± 0.3 | 96.8 ± 0.5a | 6.9 ± 0.6 | 7.2 ± 0.7 | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 51.7 ± 1.6 | 53.2 ± 1.5 | 34.2 ± 1.5a |
51–70 years | 34.7 ± 1.6 | 35.4 ± 1.6 | 5.2 ± 0.6a | 98.0 ± 0.4 | 98.6 ± 0.4 | 96.1 ± 0.5a | 12.4 ± 1.1 | 12.6 ± 1.1 | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 59.6 ± 1.5 | 60.7 ± 1.5 | 40.5 ± 1.9a |
71+ years | 23.4 ± 1.5 | 23.6 ± 1.5 | 1.7 ± 0.5a | 98.7 ± 0.4 | 99.1 ± 0.3 | 96.1 ± 0.6a | 72.0 ± 1.7 | 72.7 ± 1.7 | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 88.5 ± 1.4 | 88.9 ± 1.4 | 75.0 ± 2.2a |
Females | ||||||||||||
2–3 years | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.6 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 95.8 ± 1.0 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 95.8 ± 1.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 |
4–8 years | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 99.9 ± 0.0 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 99.9 ± 0.1 | 17.7 ± 1.8 | 22.9 ± 2.1 | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 |
9–18 years | 29.3 ± 2.0 | 29.6 ± 2.0 | 1.7 ± 0.4a | 99.9 ± 0.1 | 99.9 ± 0.1 | 99.8 ± 0.1 | 85.3 ± 1.2 | 86.0 ± 1.3 | 2.0 ± 0.5a | 63.8 ± 1.6 | 64.4 ± 1.7 | 51.4 ± 1.8a |
19–50 years | 40.3 ± 1.5 | 40.5 ± 1.5 | 2.0 ± 0.3a | 99.9 ± 0.1 | 99.9 ± 0.0 | 99.5 ± 0.2 | 34.5 ± 1.3 | 34.5 ± 1.3 | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 55.8 ± 1.9 | 56.0 ± 1.9 | 28.8 ± 1.5a |
51–70 years | 17.8 ± 1.7 | 17.8 ± 1.7 | 0.4 ± 0.1a | 99.8 ± 0.1 | 99.8 ± 0.1 | 98.4 ± 0.4a | 81.7 ± 1.8 | 81.7 ± 1.8 | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 44.7 ± 1.9 | 44.7 ± 1.9 | 17.3 ± 1.0a |
71+ years | 15.3 ± 1.0 | 15.3 ± 1.0 | 0.1 ± 0.1a | 99.9 ± 0.1 | 99.9 ± 0.1 | 98.6 ± 0.4a | 91.1 ± 0.6 | 91.1 ± 0.6 | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 75.8 ± 1.8 | 75.8 ± 1.8 | 44.8 ± 1.6a |
Calcium | Magnesium | Vitamin A | Vitamin D | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NHANES 2007–2010 | Modeled at Recommended Dairy | NHANES 2007–2010 | Modeled at Recommended Dairy | NHANES 2007–2010 | Modeled at Recommended Dairy | NHANES 2007–2010 | Modeled at Recommended Dairy | |
% ± SE | % ± SE | % ± SE | % ± SE | % ± SE | % ± SE | % ± SE | % ± SE | |
Males | ||||||||
2–3 years | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 63.5 ± 2.7 | 63.0 ± 2.7 |
4–8 years | 5.8 ± 1.1 | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 66.7 ± 2.9 | 64.5 ± 2.8 |
9–18 years | 38.6 ± 2.6 | 1.0 ± 0.3a | 45.2 ± 1.6 | 40.8 ± 1.6 | 22.8 ± 1.3 | 11.5 ± 1.3a | 84.8 ± 1.6 | 82.6 ± 1.5a |
19–50 years | 6.2 ± 0.6 | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 44.9 ± 1.6 | 29.0 ± 1.4a | 40.0 ± 1.4 | 12.5 ± 0.8a | 81.6 ± 1.0 | 77.1 ± 1.2a |
51–70 years | 9.2 ± 1.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 44.6 ± 1.8 | 28.4 ± 2.0a | 25.7 ± 1.6 | 4.1 ± 0.6a | 62.9 ± 1.8 | 59.2 ± 1.9 |
71+ years | 49.6 ± 2.1 | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 66.4 ± 2.4 | 52.3 ± 2.0a | 15.1 ± 1.7 | 12.5 ± 0.8a | 54.9 ± 2.4 | 51.9 ± 2.5 |
Females | ||||||||
2–3 years | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 72.6 ± 2.4 | 72.5 ± 2.4 |
4–8 years | 17.1 ± 1.8 | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 79.3 ± 2.2 | 75.2 ± 2.7 |
9–18 years | 81.9 ± 1.5 | 2.0 ± 0.5a | 61.2 ± 1.7 | 48.3 ± 1.8a | 25.5 ± 1.7 | 1.7 ± 0.4a | 89.4 ± 1.4 | 87.3 ± 1.6 |
19–50 years | 26.2 ± 1.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 47.3 ± 1.9 | 24.5 ± 1.4a | 31.5 ± 1.4 | 2.0 ± 0.3a | 76.0 ± 1.2 | 72.3 ± 1.2 |
51–70 years | 44.0 ± 4.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 30.9 ± 1.6 | 11.5 ± 0.9a | 12.7 ± 1.2 | 0.4 ± 0.1a | 51.5 ± 1.7 | 47.6 ± 1.8 |
71+ years | 51.4 ± 2.1 | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 54.2 ± 1.7 | 28.4 ± 1.5a | 9.8 ± 0.8 | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 52.4 ± 2.0 | 48.2 ± 2.2 |
Potassium (Food alone) | Potassium (Food + Supplements) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
NHANES 2007–2010 | Modeled at Recommended Dairy | NHANES 2007–2010 | Modeled at Recommended Dairy | |
% ± SE | % ± SE | % ± SE | % ± SE | |
Males | ||||
2–3 years | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 1.8 ± 1.0 |
4–8 years | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 |
9–18 years | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 |
19–50 years | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.3a | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 2.3 ± 0.4 |
51–70 years | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.4a | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 1.7 ± 0.5a |
71+ years | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 |
Females | ||||
2-3 years | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.2 |
4-8 years | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 |
9-18 years | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 |
19-50 years | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 |
51-70 years | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.1±0.1 |
71+ years | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 |