Introduction
Protein
|
Type of regulation
|
Functional significance
|
References
|
---|---|---|---|
p53 | Phospho-Ser215 | Abrogates transactivation | |
Phospho-Ser315 | Abrogates transactivation and enhances proteasomal degradation | ||
NF-κBp65 | Phospho-Ser536 | Promotes inflammation and cell survival | [49] |
P73 | Phospho-Ser235 | Induces apoptosis | |
MDM2 | Phospho-Ser166 | Activates MDM2 and degradation of P53 | [48] |
GSK3β | Phospho-Ser9 | Inhibits GSK3β and enhances β-catenin activity | [19] |
IκBα | Phospho-Ser32 | Induces degradation of IκBα and activation of NF-κB pathway | [49] |
JAK2 | Increased expression | Activates STAT3 | [55] |
N-MYC | Increased expression | Stabilizes N-MYC protein | [106] |
SRC | Phospho-Tyr416 | Activates SRC and promotes cancer cell invasion | [18] |
IKKα/β | Phospho-Ser176/180 | Activates NF-κB pathway | [107] |
NF-κB2/p100 | Phospho-Ser866/870 | Activates non-canonical NF-κB pathway | [108] |
STAT3 | Phospho-Tyr705 | Promotes cell survival | [55] |
RalA | Phospho-Ser194 | Enhances transformed cell growth | [74] |
BRCA1/BRCA2 | Decreased expression | Down-regulate cell cycle and DNA damage response |
AURKA in gastrointestinal cancers
AURKA in upper gastrointestinal cancers
AURKA in colorectal cancer
AURKA in pancreatic cancer
AURKA in liver cancer
Clinical development of aurora kinase A inhibitors
MLN8237 (alisertib)
Inhibitor
|
Chemical structure
|
Target, selectivity (IC50)
|
NCT number, phase, status
|
Cancer type
|
Ref.
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MLN8237 | AURKA (2 nM) | NCT01898078, Phase 1, Ongoing | Advanced Solid Tumors; Lymphoma | ||
NCT01045421, Phase 1/Phase 2, Completed | Nonhematological Malignancies | [95] | |||
NCT01091428 Phase 1/Phase 2, Ongoing (Agent in combination with Paclitaxel)
| Ovarian Carcinoma; Fallopian Tube Cancer; Peritoneal Cancer; Breast Carcinoma | ||||
NCT01471964, Phase 1/Phase 2, Ongoing (Agent in combination with Erlotinib)
| Metastatic or Recurrent Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer | ||||
NCT02114229, Phase 2, Ongoing | Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor; Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor | ||||
NCT00962091, Phase 1, Completed | Advanced Solid Tumors | ||||
NCT01512758, Phase 1, Completed | Adult East Asian Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors or Lymphomas | ||||
NCT02109328, Phase 2, Ongoing | Bladder Cancer; Transitional Cell Carcinoma | ||||
NCT01812005, Phase 2, Ongoing (Agent in combination with Rituximab)
| Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma | ||||
NCT01397825, Phase 1/Phase 2, Ongoing (Agent in combination with Rituximab and Vincristine)
| Relapsed or Refractory Aggressive B-Cell Lymphoma | ||||
NCT00500903, Phase 1, Completed | Advanced Solid Tumors | ||||
NCT00697346, Phase 1, Completed | Advanced Hematological Malignancies | [110] | |||
NCT01799278, Phase 2, Ongoing | Metastatic Castrate Resistant and Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer | ||||
NCT00807495, Phase 2, Completed | Aggressive Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma | ||||
NCT01567709, Phase 1, Ongoing (Agent in combination with Vorinostat)
| Relapsed or Recurrent Hodgkin Lymphoma, B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, or Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma | ||||
NCT00651664, Phase 1, Completed. | Advanced Solid Tumors; Lymphomas | ||||
NCT01695941, Phase 1, Ongoing (Agent in combination with Bortezomib and Rituximab)
| Relapsed or Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma or B-Cell Low Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma | ||||
NCT01154816, Phase 2, Completed | Recurrent or Refractory Solid Tumors or Leukemia | ||||
NCT02038647, Phase 2, Ongoing (Agent in combination with Placebo and Paclitaxel)
| Small Cell Lung Cancer | ||||
NCT01779843, Phase 1, Ongoing (Agent in combination with Cytarabine and Idarubicin)
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia | ||||
NCT00830518, Phase 2, Completed | Acute Myelogenous Leukemia and High-Grade Myelodysplastic Syndrome | ||||
NCT01677559, Phase 1, Ongoing (Agent in combination with Nab-Paclitaxel)
| Advanced Solid Malignancies | ||||
NCT01924260, Phase 1, Ongoing (Agent in combination with Gemcitabine)
| Solid Tumors or Pancreatic Cancer | ||||
NCT01897012, Phase 1, Ongoing (Agent in combination with Romidepsin)
| Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell or T-Cell Lymphomas | ||||
NCT01034553, Phase 1/Phase 2, Ongoing (Agent in combination with Bortezomib)
| Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma | ||||
NCT01482962, Phase 3, Ongoing (Agent in combination with Pralatrexate, Gemcitabine and Romidepsin)
| Relapsed/Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma | ||||
NCT01848067, Phase 1/Phase 2, Ongoing (Agent in combination with Abiraterone acetate and Prednisone)
| Hormone-Resistant Prostate Cancer | ||||
NCT01466881, Phase 2, Ongoing | Relapsed or Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma | ||||
NCT01923337, Phase 1, Ongoing (Agent in combination with Irinotecan hydrochloride)
| Advanced Solid Tumors or Colorectal Cancer | ||||
NCT01714947, Phase 1, Completed | Advanced Solid Tumors; Lymphoma | ||||
NCT01094288, Phase 1, Ongoing (Agent in combination with Docetaxel)
| Advanced Solid Tumors Including Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer | ||||
NCT01639911, Phase 1, Ongoing (Agent in combination with Pazopanib)
| Solid Tumors | ||||
NCT00853307, Phase 2, Completed | Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Peritoneal Carcinoma | ||||
NCT01540682, Phase 1, Completed (Agent in combination with Cetuximab and radiotherapy)
| Head and Neck Cancer | ||||
NCT01316692, Phase 2, Ongoing | Unresectable Stage III-IV Melanoma | ||||
NCT02187991, Phase 2, Ongoing (Agent in combination with Paclitaxel)
| Metastatic or Locally Recurrent Breast Cancer | ||||
NCT02259010, Phase 1, Ongoing (Agent in combination with Itraconazole)
| Advanced Solid Tumors or Relapsed/Refractory Lymphoma | ||||
NCT02367352, Phase 1, Ongoing (Agent in combination with Paclitaxel)
| East Asian Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors | ||||
NCT02319018, Phase 1, Ongoing (Agent in combination with Leucovorin Calcium, Fluorouracil, and Oxaliplatin)
| Gastrointestinal Tumors | ||||
NCT02219789, Phase 1, Ongoing (Agent in combination with Fulvestrant)
| Hormone Receptor Positive, Metastatic or Advanced Breast Cancer | ||||
NCT02186509, Phase 1, Ongoing (Agent with radiation)
| Recurrent High-Grade Gliomas | ||||
NCT01848067, Phase 1&2, Ongoing (Agent with Abiraterone acetate and Prednisone)
| Hormone-Resistant Prostate Cancer | ||||
NCT01779843, Phase 1, Ongoing (Agent with Cytarabine and Idarubicin)
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia | ||||
NCT02327169, Phase 1, Ongoing (Agent with MLN2480, MLN0128, and Paclitaxel)
| Advanced Nonhematologic Malignancies | ||||
NCT00543387, Phase 1, Completed (Agent in combination with Docetaxel)
| Advanced and/or Refractory Solid Tumors | ||||
MK-5108 | AURKA (0.046 nM) | NCT01914510, Phase 2. Ongoing | Ovarian Clear Cell Cancers | ||
ENMD-2076 | AURKA (14 nM) | NCT01719744, Phase 2. Ongoing | Advanced/Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcoma | ||
NCT00904787, Phase 1. Completed | Relapsed or Refractory Hematological Malignancies | ||||
NCT01639248, Phase 2. Ongoing | Advanced and Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer | ||||
NCT00806065, Phase 1. Completed | Multiple Myeloma | ||||
NCT00658671, Phase 1. Completed | Advanced Cancer | [100] | |||
NCT02234986, Phase 2, Ongoing | Advanced Fibrolamellar Carcinoma | ||||
NCT01104675, Phase 2, Completed | Ovarian Cancer |