Introduction
Methods
Cell lines and clinical tissues
Patients and follow-up
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blotting, IHC, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays
Cell proliferation, clonal formation, wound-healing cell migration, and Matrigel invasion assays
In vivo circRNA precipitation, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and luciferase reporter assays
Knocked down or overexpressed circFGFR1 transfection experiment
In vivo tumor growth and metastasis assays
Establishment of stable CXCR4-knockout cells
Mice xenograft anti-PD-1 therapy study
Results
Identification of FGFR1-derived circRNAs in the NSCLC cells
Variables | CircFGFR1 expression level | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Low | High | ||
Age | |||
60 < | 52 | 65 | 0.095 |
60 ≥ | 53 | 40 | |
Gender | |||
Male | 74 | 66 | 0.306 |
Female | 31 | 39 | |
Smoking status | |||
Smokers | 69 | 73 | 0.658 |
Nonsmokers | 36 | 32 | |
Histological type | |||
Squamous cell carcinoma | 24 | 31 | 0.346 |
Adenocarcinomas | 81 | 74 | |
Tumor stage | |||
I–II | 44 | 53 | 0.268 |
III–IV | 61 | 52 | |
Lymph node metastasis | |||
Yes | 37 | 61 | 0.010 |
No | 68 | 44 | |
Tumor size | |||
≤ 3 cm | 37 | 59 | 0.004 |
> 3 cm | 68 | 46 | |
Differentiation | |||
Well and moderate | 42 | 60 | 0.019 |
Poor | 63 | 45 |
Factors | OS | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate, P | Multivariate | |||
HR | 95% CI | P value | ||
Sex (Female vs. Male) | 0.372 | NA | ||
Age (years) (≤ 60 vs. > 60) | 0.821 | NA | ||
Smoking status (Smokers vs. Nonsmokers) | 0.117 | NA | ||
Histological type (SCC vs. Adenocarcinomas) | 0.061 | NA | ||
Lymph node metastasis (Yes vs. No) | 0.026 | NS | ||
Differentiation (Well and moderate vs. Poor) | 0.014 | NS | ||
Tumor size (diameter, cm) (> 3 vs. ≤ 3) | 0.007 | 1.417 | 1.094–2.217 | 0.031 |
TNM (III-IV vs. I-II) | 0.056 | NA | ||
CircFGFR1 expression (High vs. Low) | 0.002 | 1.574 | 0.911–1.927 | 0.013 |
Factors | Cumulative Recurrence | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate, P | Multivariate | |||
HR | 95% CI | P value | ||
Sex (Female vs. Male) | 0.414 | NA | ||
Age (years) (≤ 60 vs. > 60) | 0.871 | NA | ||
Smoking status (Smokers vs. Nonsmokers) | 0.332 | NA | ||
Histological type (SCC vs. Adenocarcinomas) | 0.087 | NA | ||
Lymph node metastasis (Yes vs. No) | 0.074 | NA | ||
Differentiation (Well and moderate vs. Poor) | 0.062 | NA | ||
Tumor size (diameter, cm) (> 3 vs. ≤ 3) | 0.037 | NS | ||
TNM (III-IV vs. I-II) | 0.016 | NS | ||
CircFGFR1 expression (High vs. Low) | 0.006 | 1.443 | 1.077–2.824 | 0.023 |