Background
Exergaming
Potential benefits of exergaming
Time course of exergame-induced benefits
Predictors of exergame training response
Previous work
Study aims and hypotheses
Methods
Study design
Study population
Intervention
Measurements
Outcome variable
Descriptive and predictor variables
Statistical analysis
Results
Sample characteristics
Variable | Total sample (n = 56) |
---|---|
Age, years | 82.7 ± 6.2 [65–94] |
Females | 39 (69.6) |
Mini-Mental State Examination, score | 22.2 ± 2.8 [17–26] |
Education, years | 11 [7–20] |
Diagnoses | 7.7 ± 3.8 [1–18] |
Medications | 7.6 ± 3.4 [0–14] |
Taking cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine | 13 (23.2) |
Timed Up and Go, s | 14.6 [6.5–52.7] |
Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment, score | 22.4 ± 4.3 [9–28] |
5-chair stand test, s | 14.8 ± 7.6 [6.8–39.1] |
Geriatric Depression Scale, score | 2 [0–9] |
Falls Efficacy Scale-International, score | 8.5 [7–19] |
Fall in the previous year | 23 (41.1) |
Living situation | |
Community-dwelling | 39 (69.6) |
Institutionalized | 17 (30.4) |
Time course of Physiomat® performance
Predictors of early training response
Variable | ERs (n = 31) | NERs (n = 21) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age, yearsa | 83.5 ± 6.5 [65–93] | 82.3 ± 6.0 [70–94] | .514 |
Femalesb | 23 (74.2) | 14 (66.7) | .557 |
Mini-Mental State Examination, scorea | 21.4 ± 2.8 [17–26] | 23.0 ± 2.4 [17–26] | .039 |
Diagnosesa | 7.5 ± 3.4 [1–17] | 7.5 ± 4.1 [1–17] | .994 |
Medicationsa | 7.3 ± 3.3 [0–13] | 8.1 ± 3.6 [0–14] | .419 |
Timed Up and Go, sc | 14.8 [9.8–52.7] | 13.9 [6.5–51.2] | .714 |
Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment, scorea | 22.2 ± 4.0 [12–28] | 23.1 ± 3.9 [15–28] | .405 |
5-chair stand test, s | 14.8 ± 7.6 [6.8–39.1] | 13.5 ± 5.1 [7.2–29.4] | .522 |
Geriatric Depression Scale, scorec | 2 [0–9] | 2 [0–8] | .799 |
Falls Efficacy Scale-International, scorec | 8 [7–13] | 8 [7–19] | .826 |
Fall in the previous year | 13 (41.9) | 8 (38.1) | .782 |
CERAD scoresa | |||
Total score | 70.7 ± 8.7 [54–87] | 77.2 ± 12.0 [54–87] | .026 |
Verbal fluency | 9.7 ± 3.7 [3–17] | 11.3 ± 3.5 [4–18] | .124 |
Boston Naming Test | 9.9 ± 2.7 [5–15] | 11.0 ± 2.4 [5–14] | .150 |
Word list memory | 10.5 ± 3.1 [4–16] | 11.2 ± 3.8 [5–16] | .484 |
Word list recall | 2.1 ± 1.8 [0–6] | 2.0 ± 1.8 [0–5] | .900 |
Word list recognition | 6.1 ± 2.7 [1–10] | 7.1 ± 2.4 [2–10] | .172 |
Constructional praxis | 7.0 ± 2.3 [2–11] | 8.7 ± 1.8 [6–11] | .006 |
Constructional recall | 1.7 ± 2.1 [0–7] | 2.3 ± 2.2 [0–6] | .337 |
Phonemic fluency | 6.8 ± 3.1 [0–15] | 6.7 ± 4.0 [0–16] | .900 |
TMT-NAI, sc | 114 [35–300] | 57 [32–300] | .001 |
DST-NAI scorea | 8.6 ± 1.3 [6–11] | 9.2 ± 1.0 [7–11] | .098 |
Dual-task performance (DTCcombined), %a | −36.1 ± 22.3 [− 82.5- -0.4] | −24.0 ± 16.8 [− 54.0- -0.2] | .040 |
Baseline Physiomat® performance, s | |||
FTBTc | 37.6 [18.5–121.1] | 21.2 [17.1–31.5] | < .001 |
PTMT-L1c,d | 15.6 [5.8–136.1] | 8.2 [5.3–19.8] | < .001 |
PTMT-L2c,e | 24.7 [10.3–57.3] | 15.8 [10.5–21.5] | < .001 |
PTMT-L3a,f | 34.7 ± 12.4 [21.6–64.5] | 22.4 ± 6.4 [13.2–37.6] | < .001 |
PTMT-L4a,g | 61.5 ± 16.2 [37.8–91.4] | 44.9 ± 12.0 [31.6–67.5] | .007 |
PTMT-L5a,h | 66.4 ± 8.7 [52.6–75.1] | 53.7 ± 10.7 [39.1–76.9] | .036 |
Training adherence at TS7a | 81.1 ± 20.3 [42.9–100] | 76.7 ± 20.9 [33.3–100] | .451 |
Variable | β | SEM | OR (95% CI) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Constructional praxisa | −.583 | .248 | .558 (.344–.907) | .019 |
Baseline Physiomat® performanceb | −.232 | .079 | 1.261 (1.081–1.471) | .003 |
Dual-task performancec | −.058 | .027 | .943 (.895–.995) | .031 |