Introduction
Chronic stress models
Behavioral effects
Social behavior
Anxiety-like behavior
Depression-like behavior
Cognition and learning
Publication | Stress model | Time post-stress | Strain and sex | Social behavior | Anxiety-like behavior | Despair and helplessness | Anhedonia | Self—care | Cognition | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Social stress | Avgustinovich et al. (2005) | Partition test + CSDS (30 days) | 1 and 2 weeks | C57BL/6 J M | EPM, OFT Parameter: time and entry in OA/center ▼ | FST Parameter: immobility time ▲ | OFT Parameter: frequency and duration of grooming ▲ | |||
Berton et al. (2006) | CSDS (10 min/10 days) | 4 weeks | Transgenic mice M | Social avoidance test Parameter: IT ▼ | ||||||
Colyn et al. (2019) | CSDS (10 min/10 days) | 1 month | C57BL/6 J M | Social avoidance test Parameter: IT ▼ | ||||||
Furman et al. (2022) | CSS (1 h/15 days) | 1–4 weeks | C57BL/6 J M and F | ASR, Parameter: startle response NS, LDT (1 wps), Parameter: time in light ▲ in F | FST Parameter: immobility time NS | FC Parameter: freezing in M ▲ | ||||
Gellner et al. (2022) | CSDS (5 min/10 days) | 3 weeks | Thy1-GFP M | Social avoidance test Parameter: IT ▼ | SPT Parameter: sucrose preference NS | NST Parameter: nest building ▼ | Forelimb reaching task, Parameter: fine motor skill learning ▼ | |||
Henderson et al. (2017) | CSDS (10 min/10 days) | 1 week | C57BL/6 J M | Social avoidance test Parameter: IT ▼ | ||||||
Krishnan et al. (2007) | CSDS (10 min/10 days) | 4 weeks | C57BL/6 J M | Social avoidance test Parameter: IT ▼ | EPM Parameter: time in OA ▼ | FST, TST Parameter: immobility time NS | SPT Parameter: sucrose preference NS | |||
Lehmann et al. (2019) | CSDS (5 min/14 days) | 4 weeks | C57BL/6 J M | Social avoidance test Parameter: IT ▼ | LDT Parameter: time in light ▼ | |||||
Okamura et al. (2022) | CSDS (10 min/7 days) | 2 weeks | Balb/c M | Social avoidance test Parameter: IT ▼ | EPM Parameter: time in OA ▼ | |||||
Razzoli et al. (2011a) | CSDS (10 min/10 days) | 3 weeks | C57BL/6 J M | Social avoidance test Parameter: IT ▼ | ||||||
Razzoli et al. (2011c) | CSDS (10 min/10 days) | 4 weeks | C57BL/6 J Balb/c M | Social avoidance test Parameter: IT Balb/c (▼), C57BL/6 J NS | ||||||
Serradas et al. (2022) | CSDS (5 min/10 days) | 18 days | C57BL/6 J M | NST Parameter: nest building ▼ | ||||||
Slattery et al. (2012) | CSC and SD/OC (19 days) | 1 week | C57BL/6 J M | Social avoidance test Parameter: IT with mouse NS, with empty cage ▼ | EPM Parameter: time in OA▼ Home cage activity Parameter: locomotion▲ | |||||
Trainor et al. (2011) | CSDS (7 min/3 days or 10 attacks) | > 1 month | California mice M and F | Social avoidance test Parameter: IT ▼ | OFT, Parameter: time in center NS LDT, Parameter: time in light F ▲, M NS | |||||
Tsankova et al. (2006) | CSDS (10 min/10 days) | 4 weeks | C57BL/6 J M | Social avoidance test Parameter: IT ▼ | ||||||
Venzala et al. (2013) | CSDS (10d), CMS ( 6w) | 3.5–4 weeks | C57BL/6 J M | Social avoidance test Parameter: AT ▲ | EPM, Parameter: time in OA▼ latency to enter OA ▲ NSF, Parameter: time in eating zone ▼ latency to enter eating zone ▲ | FST (only CMS) Parameter: immobility time ▲ | SPT Parameter: sucrose preference ▼ | NORT Parameter: discrimination of NO ▼ | ||
Warren et al. (2013) | CSDS and “witness “ CSDS (10 min/10 days) | 4 weeks | C57BL/6 J M | Social avoidance test Parameter: IT ▼ | EPM Parameter: time in OA ▼ | FST Parameter: immobility time ▲ | Test: SPT Parameter: sucrose preference ▼ | |||
Wohleb et al. (2014) | CSDS (2 h/6 days) | 8–24 days | C57BL/6 J M | Social avoidance test Parameter: IT ▼ | OFT (8 dps) Parameter: time in center ▼ | |||||
Yu et al. (2011) | CSDS (10 min/14 days) | 2 weeks | C57BL/6 J M | WM, Parameter: time to reach platform NS FC, Parameter: freezing ▲ | ||||||
Non-social stress | Chotiwat and Harris (2006) | CRS (2 h/3 days) | 12–20 days | NIH swiss M | EPM (12 dps), Parameter: time and entry in OA ▼ LDT(20 dps), Parameter: time in light ▼ | |||||
Erburu et al. (2015) | CUMS (6 weeks) | 3–4 weeks | C57BL/6 J M | Social avoidance test Parameter: IT ▼ | EPM Parameter: latency to enter OA ▲ | SPT Parameter: sucrose preference ▼ | NOR Parameter: discrimination of NO ▼ | |||
Elizalde et al. (2008) | CUMS (6 weeks) | 1 month | C57BL/6 J M | EPM, Parameter: time and entry in OA NS LDT, Parameter: time in light NS | FST Parameter: immobility time ▲ | SPT Parameter: sucrose preference ▼ | NOR Parameter: discrimination of NO ▼ | |||
Khalid et al. (2016) | CRS (4 weeks) | 1 and 3 weeks | C57BL/6 J M | OFT (1 wps) Parameter: time in center ▼, distance ▼ | FST (1 wps) Parameter: immobility time ▲ | |||||
Kim and Han (2006) | CRS (2–8 h/14 days) | 2 weeks | C57BL/6 J M | FST Parameter: immobility time ▲ | ||||||
Kim et al. (2012) | Water bucket stress (2 h/14 days) | 2–4 weeks | C57BL/6 J M | FST, TST Parameter: immobility time ▲ | ||||||
Yasugaki et al. (2019) | WIRS (3 weeks) | 1 week | C57BL/6 J M | FST Parameter: immobility time ▲ | SPT Parameter: sucrose preference ▼ | |||||
Zhao et al. (2012) | CUMS (7 weeks) | 1–3 weeks | C57BL/6 J M | FST, TST (1 wps) Parameter: immobility time ▲ |
Endocrine and vegetative effects
Endocrine changes
Weight development and vegetative changes
Publication | Stress model | Time post-stress | Strain and sex | CORT level | Body weight | Food/water intake | Sleep disturbance | Organ weights | Temperature/cardiac | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Social stress | Furman et al. (2022) | CSS (1 h/15 days) | 2 months | C57BL/6 J M and F | Plasma M ▼ | F ▼ (1 wps) F NS (2 mps) | ||||
Gellner et al. (2022) | CSDS (5 min/10 days) | 5 weeks | Thy1-GFP M | AG ▲ | ||||||
Henderson et al. (2017) | CSDS (5 min/10 days) | 3 weeks | C57BL/6 J M | Wake time ▲ | ||||||
Krishnan et al. (2007) | CSDS (10 min/10 days) | 4 weeks | C57BL/6 J M | Plasma ▼ | NS | NS | Social hyperthermia ▲ Cardiac mass ▲ | |||
Razzoli et al. (2011b) | CSDS (10 min/10 days) | 1–4 weeks | C57BL/6 J Balb/c M | C57BL/6 J NS Balb/c NS | C57BL/6 J (2—4 wps) ▲ | Food: 1 wps C57BL/6 J NS, BALB/c ▲ Food Efficency:1 wps C57BL/6 J ▲, BALB/c NS | C57BL/6 J: T, AF ▼ AG, TH, SV NS BALB/c: S, AF, SV ▼ AG, TH, T NS | |||
Razzoli et al. (2011d) | CSDS (10 min/10 days) | 4 weeks | TrkB.T1 mice | ▼ | Food: ▼ Food Efficiency: ▼ | AG ▲ S, SV, AF ▼ | ||||
Slattery et al. (2012) | CSC and SD/OC (19 days) | 1 week | C57BL/6 J M | CSC: AG, PG ▲ SD/OC: NS | ||||||
Trainor et al. (2011) | CSDS (7 min/3 days or 10 attacks) | 4 weeks | California mice M and F | Plasma F NS, M ▲ | ▼ | |||||
Warren et al. (2013) | CSDS and “witness “ CSDS (10 min/10 days) | 4 weeks | C57BL/6 J M | Stable after 4 weeks | ||||||
Non-social stress | Erburu et al. (2015) | CMS (6 weeks) | 30 days | C57BL/6 J M | NS | circadian rhythm pathway ▼ (1 wps) | ||||
Kim et al. (2012) | Water bucket stress (2 h/14 days) | > 3 weeks | C57BL/6 J M | Slow return to baseline after stress | Water: 15 dps NS |
Central effects
Cellular effects
Neuronal cells
Non-neuronal cells
Molecular effects
Publication | Stress model | Time post-stress | Strain and sex | Cellular and molecular effects | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neuronal cells | Microglia/astrocytes | |||||||||
Amygdala | Hippocampus | PFC | VTA/ NAc | Motor cortex | ||||||
Social stress | Berton et al. (2006) | CSDS (10 min/10 days) | 4 weeks | Transgenic mice, M | c-Fos ▲ (VTA, NAc) BDNF ▲ (NAc) | |||||
Chen et al. (2016) | CSDS (10 min/10 days) | 2–4 weeks | C57BL/6 J M | 2 wps Dendritic length ▼ 2 – 4 wps Branch number ▼ 4 wps Adult-born DGCs survival ▼ | ||||||
Colyn et al. (2019) | CSDS (10 min/10 days) | 4 weeks | C57BL/6 J M | Dendritic arborisation ▲ pro-BDNF▲ | Spine density ▼ | |||||
Gellner et al. (2022) | CSDS (5 min/10 days) | 11–23 days | Thy1-GFP M | Spine density ▼ | Reactive morphology ▲ Number of astrocytes ▲ (all in M1) | |||||
Lagace et al. (2010) | CSDS (10 days) | 4 weeks | nestin-GFP transgenic mice, M | DGCs survival ▲ | ||||||
Lehmann et al. (2019) | CSDS (5 min/14 days) | 2 weeks | C57BL/6 J M | ▼ in cortical and subcortical regions | ||||||
Okamura et al. (2022) | CSDS (10 min/7 days) | 2 weeks | Balb/c M | c-Fos ▼ | c-Fos ▼ | c-Fos ▼ | c-Fos ▼ (VTA, only in avoidant mice) | |||
Razzoli et al. (2011a) | CSDS (10 min/7 days) | 3 weeks | C57BL/6 J M | Activity ▲ | ||||||
Razzoli et al. (2011d) | CSDS (10 min/10 days) | 4 weeks | TrkB.T1 mice/WT, M | NS | ||||||
Serradas et al. (2022) | CSDS (5 min/10 days) | 5 weeks | C57BL/6 J M | staining of PV and SST positive interneurons ▼ | ||||||
Tsankova et al. (2006) | CSDS (10 min/10 days) | 4 weeks | C57BL/6 J M | BDNF ▼ | ||||||
Venzala et al., (2013) | CSDS + CMS (10 days/6 weeks) | 4 weeks | C57BL/6 J M | GABA, Glut, Dopamine, 5-HT NS (CSDS, CMS) | GABA, GABA/Glut ratio ▼ (CSDS, CMS) Dopamine ▼ (CSDS) 5-HT NS | |||||
Weber et al. (2019) | CSDS (10 min/10 days) | 24 days | C57BL/6 J M | Proinflammatory mRNA signature (microglia) ▲ | ||||||
Wohleb et al. (2014) | CSDS (2 h/6 days) | 8–24 days | C57BL/6 J M | Proinflammatory mRNA signature (microgl., 24 dps) ▲ Macrophages ▲ (8 dps) |