Introduction
Background
Methods and materials
Study setting
Study design
Eligibility criteria
Sample size determination
Sampling procedures
Data collection methods
Variables of the study
Operational definitions
Data quality control
Data processing and analysis
Ethical consideration
Results
Socio demographic characteristics
Characteristics | Frequency | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Sex | ||
Male | 116 | 47.7 |
Female | 127 | 52.3 |
Residence | ||
Rural | 134 | 55.1 |
Urban | 109 | 44.9 |
Parental Status | ||
Both alive | 101 | 41.6 |
Mother Died | 26 | 10.7 |
Father died | 74 | 30.5 |
Both died | 19 | 7.8 |
Separated/widowed | 23 | 9.5 |
Child live with | ||
Parent | 209 | 86.0 |
Sister/brother | 3 | 1.2 |
Aunt/uncle | 12 | 4.9 |
Grandparents | 17 | 7 |
with other (non parents) | 2 | 0.8 |
Variables | Frequency | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Nutritional Counseling | ||
No | 4 | 1.6 |
Yes | 239 | 98.4 |
Therapeutic feeding | ||
No | 65 | 26.7 |
Yes | 178 | 73.3 |
Eating Problem (n = 243) | ||
No | 80 | 32.9 |
Yes | 163 | 67.1 |
Loss of Appetite (n = 163) | ||
No | 7 | 4.3 |
Yes | 156 | 95.7 |
Swallowing Difficulty (n = 163) | ||
No | 95 | 58.3 |
Yes | 68 | 41.7 |
Vomiting (n = 163) | ||
No | 81 | 49.7 |
Yes | 82 | 50.3 |
Characteristics | Options | Frequency | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
Presence of OIs (n = 243) | No | 52 | 21.4 |
Yes | 191 | 78.6 | |
Pneumonia (n = 191) | No | 91 | 47.6 |
Yes | 100 | 52.4 | |
Tuberculosis (n = 191) | No | 170 | 89 |
Yes | 21 | 11 | |
Diarrheal Diseases (n = 191) | No | 96 | 50.3 |
Yes | 95 | 49.7 | |
Skin infections (n = 191) | No | 54 | 28.3 |
Yes | 137 | 71.7 | |
Current Adherence (n = 243) | Good | 202 | 83.1 |
Fair | 34 | 14.0 | |
Poor | 7 | 2.9 | |
INH prophylaxis (n = 243) | No | 28 | 11.5 |
Yes | 215 | 88.5 | |
Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis (n = 243) | No | 23 | 9.5 |
Yes | 220 | 90.5 | |
Anemia (n = 243) | No | 210 | 86.4 |
Yes | 33 | 13.6 | |
Virological failure (n = 243) | No | 218 | 89.7 |
Yes | 25 | 10.3 | |
ART Regimen shift (n = 243) | No | 230 | 94.7 |
Yes | 13 | 5.3 |
ART treatment outcome
Start Time in year | Number Entering Interval | Number Withdrawing during Interval | Number Exposed to Risk | Number of Terminal Events | Proportion Terminating | Proportion Surviving | Cumulative Proportion Surviving at End of Interval | Std. Error of Cumulative Proportion Surviving at End of Interval | Probability Density | Std. Error of Probability Density | Hazard Rate | Std. Error of Hazard Rate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 243 | 7 | 239.5 | 1 | .00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | .00 | .004 | .004 | .00 | .00 |
1 | 235 | 23 | 223.5 | 11 | .05 | .95 | .95 | .01 | .049 | .014 | .05 | .02 |
2 | 201 | 33 | 184.5 | 0 | .00 | 1.00 | .95 | .01 | .000 | .000 | .00 | .00 |
3 | 168 | 32 | 152.0 | 1 | .01 | .99 | .94 | .02 | .006 | .006 | .01 | .01 |
4 | 135 | 31 | 119.5 | 0 | .00 | 1.00 | .94 | .02 | .000 | .000 | .00 | .00 |
5 | 104 | 33 | 87.5 | 0 | .00 | 1.00 | .94 | .02 | .000 | .000 | .00 | .00 |
6 | 71 | 22 | 60.0 | 0 | .00 | 1.00 | .94 | .02 | .000 | .000 | .00 | .00 |
7 | 49 | 7 | 45.5 | 0 | .00 | 1.00 | .94 | .02 | .000 | .000 | .00 | .00 |
8 | 42 | 11 | 36.5 | 0 | .00 | 1.00 | .94 | .02 | .000 | .000 | .00 | .00 |
9 | 31 | 12 | 25.0 | 0 | .00 | 1.00 | .94 | .02 | .000 | .000 | .00 | .00 |
10 | 19 | 17 | 10.5 | 0 | .00 | 1.00 | .94 | .02 | .000 | .000 | .00 | .00 |
Median survival | se | Lower bound | Upper bound | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Underweight | 9.76 | .289 | 9.19 | 10.32 |
Well nourished | 11.10 | .156 | 10.80 | 11.41 |
χ2 (cox mantel) | 4.59 | |||
P of log rank | 0.032a | |||
df (degree of freedom) | 1 |
Predictors of survival among ART children
Variables | Options | Outcome | CHR with 95% CI | AHR with 95% CI | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Death | Other | |||||
Age | Per each year increase | 0.86 (0.75–0.99) | ||||
Sex | Male | 10 | 106 | |||
Female | 3 | 124 | 1 | |||
Residence | Rural | 9 | 125 | 1.90 (0.58–6.12) | ||
Urban | 4 | 105 | 1 | |||
Nutritional status | Underweight | 9 | 91 | 3.36 (1.03–10.9) | 3.01 (0.80–11.4) | 0.104 |
Well nourished | 4 | 139 | 1 | 1 | ||
ART adherence | Good | 7 | 195 | 1 | ||
Fair | 5 | 29 | 4.73 (1.4–14.9) | |||
Poor | 1 | 6 | 4.03 (0.4–32.7) | |||
Therapeutic food | No | 2 | 63 | 2.18 (0.48–9.84 | ||
Yes | 11 | 167 | 1 | |||
Eating disorder | No | 1 | 79 | 1 | ||
Yes | 12 | 151 | 2.44 (0.88–6.6) | |||
OIs | No | 0.25 | 52 | 1 | ||
Yes | 13 | 178 | 29.8 (0.11–78) | |||
ART start | Immediately | 2 | 82 | 1 | 1 | |
Later on | 11 | 148 | 2.84 (0.63–12.82) | 4.43 (0.84–23.34) | 0.079 | |
Baseline Hgb | Per each 1 g/dl increase in hgb | 0.78 (0.63–.95) | ||||
Anemia | Yes | 7 | 203 | 2.38 (1.38–4.1) | 1.55 (0.49–4.84) | 0.453 |
No | 6 | 27 | 1 | 1 | ||
WHO stage | WHO stage I | 1 | 179 | 1 | 1 | |
WHO stage II | 7 | 32 | 35.2 (4.3–286) | 25.1 (2.91–48.0) | 0.003* | |
WHO stage III | 5 | 5 | 15.6 (1.8–34) | 20.7 (2.16–38.3) | 0.000* |