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Erschienen in: Der Kardiologe 5/2014

01.10.2014 | Übersichten

Management beim akuten Aortensyndrom

verfasst von: M. Aboukoura, T. Najjar, I. Akin, T.C. Rehders, B. Mrevlje, M. Weinrich, Prof. Dr. C.A. Nienaber

Erschienen in: Die Kardiologie | Ausgabe 5/2014

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Der Begriff des akuten Aortensyndroms (AAS) beschreibt ein Spektrum heterogener akuter Pathologie der Aorta mit ähnlichem klinischem Erscheinungsbild. Dazu gehören die Aortendissektion, das intramurale Aortenhämatom (IMH) und das penetrierende arteriosklerotische Aortenulkus (PAU).

Ursachen

Der häufigste Risikofaktor bei Patienten mit Aortendissektion oder IMH ist die arterielle Hypertonie. Andere Risikofaktoren sind Rauchen, ein stumpfes Trauma und der Gebrauch von illegalen Drogen. Etwa 20 % der jüngeren Patienten mit Aortendissektion oder mit thorakalen Aortenaneurysmen haben einen meist zugrunde liegenden autosomal-dominanten Gendefekt.

Symptome und Diagnostik

Das Hauptsymptom des AAS ist der akute Thoraxschmerz. Da es keine paraklinischen Ausschlusskriterien für eine AAS gibt, sollte angesichts der hohen Letalität des AAS jeder klinische Verdacht zu zügiger diagnostischer Bildgebung führen.

Therapie und Nachsorge

Die Initialtherapie besteht in der Senkung des meist dysregulierten Blutdrucks auf systolische Werte. Das weitere Vorgehen besteht dann entweder in der chirurgischen oder endovaskulären Behandlung, die heute die Therapie der Wahl darstellt. Die Nachsorge der Patienten mit Aortenerkrankungen ist aufgrund der Komplexität und potenziellen Progression unabdingbar.
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Metadaten
Titel
Management beim akuten Aortensyndrom
verfasst von
M. Aboukoura
T. Najjar
I. Akin
T.C. Rehders
B. Mrevlje
M. Weinrich
Prof. Dr. C.A. Nienaber
Publikationsdatum
01.10.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Kardiologie / Ausgabe 5/2014
Print ISSN: 2731-7129
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7137
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12181-014-0601-0

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