Introduction
Methods
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What is the effect of astigmatism magnitude on the visual performance, depending on the implanted intraocular lens?
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What is the accuracy of astigmatism correction achieved through the application of corneal incisions in low corneal astigmatism?
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How comparable is the accuracy of corneal incisions compared to the correction with TIOL?
Tolerance to astigmatism
Presbyopia correcting intraocular lenses
Astigmatism correction with corneal incisions
Single clear corneal incisions (CCI)
Author | Year | Study Type | Eyes | Follow-up (m) | Size(mm) | Location | Preop. Type | Metric | Device | Pre | Post | Diff |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nielsen[50] | 1995 | RCT | 12 | 1 | 3,5 | Temporal | ATR | K | Allergan-Humphrey | 0,92 | 0,41 | -0,5 |
Nielsen[50] | 1995 | RCT | 11 | 1 | 5,2 | Superior | WTR | K | Allergan-Humphrey | 0,96 | 0,47 | -0,5 |
Wei[51] | 2012 | CS | 18 | 3 | 2,5 | Temporal | ATR | K | TMS-4 | 1,14 | 0,74 | -0,4 |
Li[52] | 2019 | CS | 104 | 3 | 2,4 | Steepest-one-handed | All | TCA | Pentacam | 1,22 | 0,94 | -0,3 |
Li[52] | 2019 | CS | 105 | 3 | 2,4 | Steepest-two-handed | All | TCA | Pentacam | 1,17 | 0,92 | -0,3 |
Li[53] | 2019 | CS | 68 | 3 | 2,4 | Steepest | All | K | Pentacam | 1,08 | 0,87 | -0,2 |
Simon[44] | 2005 | CS | 23 | 7,8 | 3,2 | Steepest | All | K | Videokeratometry or Javal | 0,9 | 0,7 | -0,2 |
Li[53] | 2019 | CS | 68 | 3 | 2,4 | Steepest | All | TNP | Pentacam | 1,21 | 1,02 | -0,2 |
Piao[54] | 2020 | CS | 49 | 2 | 3,2 | Steepest | ATR | K | Pentacam | 0,76 | 0,6 | -0,2 |
Piao[54] | 2020 | CS | 61 | 2 | 3,2 | Steepest | Oblique | K | Pentacam | 0,81 | 0,71 | -0,1 |
Piao[54] | 2020 | CS | 49 | 2 | 3,2 | Steepest | ATR | TCRP3 | Pentacam | 0,88 | 0,79 | -0,1 |
Yoon[55] | 2013 | CS | 30 | 3 | 3 | Temporal | All | K | ARK-510 A | 0,71 | 0,64 | -0,1 |
Lee[56] | 2019 | CS | 26 | 1 | 2,2 | NA | All | K | Canon R-50 | 0,76 | 0,72 | 0,0 |
Ozyol[57] | 2012 | RCT | 24 | 2 | 3 | Superior | ATR | K | Manuel keratometry | 0,99 | 0,99 | 0,0 |
Febbraro[48] | 2015 | RCT | 63 | 1 | 1,8 | Superior | All | K | TonorefII | 0,65 | 0,67 | 0,0 |
Wei[51] | 2012 | CS | 18 | 3 | 2,5 | Temporal | All | K | TMS-4 | 0,82 | 0,84 | 0,0 |
Wang[58] | 2019 | CS | 27 | 3 | 3 | Superotemporal (0,5 limbus) | All | K | Pentacam | 0,86 | 0,92 | 0,1 |
Wang[58] | 2019 | CS | 27 | 3 | 3 | Superotemporal (1–1,5 limbus) | All | K | Pentacam | 0,86 | 0,94 | 0,1 |
Kamiya[59] | 2021 | CS | 200 | 3 | 2,8 | Temporal | All | K | TONOREFF-II | 0,66 | 0,74 | 0,1 |
Yang[60] | 2017 | RCT | 30 | 1 | 2,2 | Superior | All | K | Pentacam | 0,93 | 1,02 | 0,1 |
Beltrame[49], | 2001 | RCT | 60 | 3 | 3,5 | Superonasal | All | K | EyeSys | 0,78 | 0,88 | 0,1 |
Piao[54] | 2020 | CS | 61 | 2 | 3,2 | Steepest | Oblique | TCRP3 | Pentacam | 0,8 | 0,91 | 0,1 |
Hayashi[61] | 2015 | CS | 102 | 60 | 4,1 | Temporal | All | K | ARK-700 A | 0,87 | 0,98 | 0,1 |
He[62] | 2021 | RCT | 70 | 3 | 3,2 | Temporal | All | K | NA | 0,89 | 1,04 | 0,2 |
Febbraro[48] | 2015 | RCT | 61 | 1 | 3,2 | Superior | All | K | TonorefII | 0,69 | 0,94 | 0,3 |
Ozyol[57] | 2012 | RCT | 24 | 2 | 3 | Superior | WTR | K | Manuel keratometry | 0,83 | 1,2 | 0,4 |
Beltrame[49] | 2001 | RCT | 54 | 3 | 5,5 | Superonasal | All | K | EyeSys | 0,7 | 1,97 | 1,3 |
Opposite clear corneal incisions (OCCI)
Author | Year | Study Type | Eyes | Follow-up (m) | Size(mm) | Location | Preop Type | Metric | Device | Pre | Post | Diff |
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Chen[65] | 2020 | CS | 138 | 1 | 2,8 | Steepest | All | K | Pentacam | 1,31 | 0,69 | -0,6 |
Ren[66] | 2019 | RCT | 28 | 3 | 3 | Steepest | All | K | Pentacam | 1,09 | 0,52 | -0,6 |
Ren[66] | 2019 | RCT | 40 | 3 | 2 | Steepest | All | K | Pentacam | 0,99 | 0,69 | -0,3 |
Nemeth[67] | 2014 | CS | 81 | 2 | 3 | Steepest | All | K | IOL Master | 1,06 | 0,86 | -0,2 |
Arcuate keratotomy (AK)
Author | Year | Study Type | Eyes | Age_M | Technology | Follow (m) | CCI Size | Location | Nomogram | Device | Pre | Post | Diff |
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Wendelstein[12] | 2021 | CS | 43 | 69 | Victus | 3 | 2,2 | Temporal | Castrop | Lenstar | 1,45 | 0,4 | -1,05 |
Visco[75] | 2019 | CS | 189 | 68,3 | Lensar | 3 | NA | NA | Paired | Cassini | 0,92 | 0,14 | -0,78 |
Wang[76] | 2022 | RCT | 45 | 67 | Catalys | 1 | 2,4 | Temporal | Paired 9 mm | IOL Master | 1,04 | 0,28 | -0,76 |
Chen[68] | 2019 | CS | 60 | 68 | Manual | 3 | NA | NA | Verion guide | IOLMaster | 1,1 | 0,37 | -0,73 |
Wang[77] | 2018 | CS | 25 | 68,56 | LenSX | 3 | 3 | Steeper | Donnenfeld | OPD-Scan III | 1,41 | 0,69 | -0,72 |
Chan[78] | 2016 | CS | 50 | 66,2 | Victus | 24 | 3 | NA | Wallace | OPD-Scan III | 1,35 | 0,67 | -0,68 |
Zhang[79] | 2022 | CS | 94 | 61,72 | LenSX | 3 | 2,4 | Temporal | Donnenfeld Modified | Lenstar | 1,36 | 0,7 | -0,66 |
Wang[76] | 2022 | RCT | 78 | 69 | Catalys | 1 | 2,4 | Temporal | Paired 8 mm | IOL Master | 0,97 | 0,34 | -0,63 |
Chen[68] | 2019 | CS | 60 | 64 | Manual | 3 | NA | NA | NA | IOLMaster | 1,1 | 0,51 | -0,59 |
Lee[56] | 2019 | CS | 14 | NA | Catalys | 1 | 2,2 | NA | NA | Canon R-50 | 1,1 | 0,59 | -0,51 |
Kwon[80] | 2021 | CS | 27 | 69,4 | Catalys | 6 | NA | NA | Julian Stevens v3 | KR- 8800 | 1,44 | 0,98 | -0,46 |
Ganesh[81] | 2020 | RCT | 25 | 64,5 | Catalys | 6 | 2,8 | Temporal | Donnenfeld | Pentacam | 1,07 | 0,65 | -0,42 |
Rani[82] | 2020 | CS | 80 | 63 | Catalys | 3 | NA | NA | Donnenfeld Modified | NA | 0,85 | 0,47 | -0,38 |
Löffler[83] | 2017 | CS | 27 | 65 | LenSX | 3 | NA | NA | Wang | Pentacam | 0,97 | 0,63 | -0,34 |
Stanojcic[84] | 2021 | RCT | 51 | 69,8 | Manual | 12 | 2,4 | NA | Donnenfeld | Pentacam | 1,48 | 1,15 | -0,33 |
Lopes[85] | 2021 | RCT | 20 | 70,22 | Catalys | 3 | NA | NA | Julian Stevens v3 | IOLMaster | 1,17 | 0,9 | -0,27 |
Baharozian[86] | 2017 | CS | 161 | 67 | Catalys | 1 | NA | NA | Donnenfeld Modified | Pentacam | 0,85 | 0,62 | -0,23 |
Limbal relaxing incisions
Intrastromal arcuate incisions (iAK)
Author | Year | Study Type | Eyes | Age_M | Technology | Follow (months) | Size | Location | Additional | Device | Pre | Post | Diff |
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Riaz[100] | 2021 | CS | 118 | 72,21 | Manual | 12 | 2,4 | NA | Donnenfeld | Pentacam | 1,36 | 0,59 | -0,77 |
Wang[101] | 2016 | CS | 51 | 59 | LenSX | 3 | 2,2 | NA | Donnenfeld | Orbscan II | 1,41 | 0,65 | -0,76 |
Freitas[102] | 2014 | RCT | 32 | 71,75 | Manual | 6 | 2,75 | Temporal | Donnenfeld | Orbscan II | 1,32 | 0,74 | -0,58 |
Eliwa[103] | 2016 | CS | 32 | 61,07 | Manual | 12 | 2,2 | Steepest | Donnenfeld | Keratron Scout | 1,33 | 0,79 | -0,54 |
Nanavaty[104] | 2016 | CS | 80 | 76,71 | Pentacam | 3 | 2,4 | Superior | Donnenfeld | Pentacam | 1,42 | 0,99 | -0,43 |
Blehm[105] | 2021 | RCT | 38 | 69 | LenSX | 3 | NA | NA | Woodcock | Lenstar | 1,05 | 0,63 | -0,42 |
Yoo[93] | 2015 | CS | 23 | 53,63 | IntraLase | 5 | 2,2 | Steeper | Donnenfeld | Manual | 1,31 | 0,96 | -0,35 |
Roberts[106] | 2018 | RCT | 43 | 72,5 | Manual | 6 | 2,4 | Middle Arcuate | Donnenfeld | IOL Master | 1,5 | 1,17 | -0,33 |
Blehm[105] | 2021 | RCT | 38 | 69 | Manual | 3 | NA | NA | Donnenfeld | Lenstar | 0,98 | 0,7 | -0,28 |
Muller-Jensen[107] | 1999 | CS | 20 | NA | Manual | 6 | 4 | NA | NA | Humphrey | 0,87 | 0,81 | -0,06 |
Lim[108] | 2020 | CS | 154 | 71,44 | Catalys | 3 | 2,5 | Temporal | Personal | IOL Master | 0,87 | 0,85 | -0,02 |
Author | Year | Study Type | Eyes | Age_M | Technology | Follow (months) | Size | Location | Additional | Device | Pre | Post | Diff |
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Rückl[99] | 2013 | CS | 16 | 65 | IntraLase | 6 | NA | NA | Paired | Keratron Scout | 1,5 | 0,63 | -0,87 |
Wang[76] | 2022 | RCT | 125 | 68 | Catalys | 1 | 2,4 | Temporal | Julian Stevens v3 | IOL Master | 0,97 | 0,39 | -0,58 |
Lopes[85] | 2021 | RCT | 20 | 70,22 | Catalys | 3 | NA | NA | Julian Stevens v3 | IOLMaster | 1,22 | 0,66 | -0,56 |
Byun[71] | 2018 | CS | 89 | 63,8 | Catalys | 6 | 2,2 | NA | Julian Stevens | Canon R50 | 1,16 | 0,63 | -0,53 |
Stanojcic[84] | 2021 | RCT | 53 | 70,1 | LensX | 12 | 2,4 | NA | iFAKs | Pentacam | 1,38 | 0,88 | -0,5 |
Roberts[106] | 2018 | RCT | 44 | 69,7 | LensX | 6 | 2,4 | Middle Arcuate | Day | IOL Master | 1,38 | 0,89 | -0,49 |
Day[109] | 2016 | CS | 186 | 62,1 | Catalys | 1 | 2,75 | Temporal | Day | KR8100PA | 1,21 | 0,74 | -0,47 |
Day[110] | 2016 | CS | 319 | 61,3 | Catalys | 1 | 2,75 | Temporal | Day | KR8100PA | 1,24 | 0,79 | -0,45 |
Moon[111] | 2021 | CS | 79 | 66,95 | Catalys | 1 | 2,2 | NA | NA | Autokeratometer | 1,23 | 0,8 | -0,43 |
Ganesh[81] | 2020 | RCT | 25 | 62 | Catalys | 6 | 2,8 | Temporal | NA | Pentacam | 1,23 | 0,9 | -0,33 |